13、个主要子句之间:1.Myfatherisfondoffishing,butmymotherprefershiking.(以,but连接两个子句)2.Hepaintedtheexteriorofthehouse,andshepaintedtheinterior.(以,and连接两个子句)2.2分开句子里不同的成份2.2.1用逗号分开两个以上的并列形容词:(如果并列的形容词之间可加上and,but等,那就加上逗号;否则不可)1.Thattall,distinguished,goodlookingfellow.(
17、号:1.Hepromisedtosupplythepencils,pens,andnotebooksfortheclass.(简单说就是pencils,pens,notebooks要写成pencils,pens,andnotebooks)2.Hermothersellstomatoes,potatoes,apples,andpeaches.(.apples,and.)3.Sheranupthestairs,acrosstheporch,andintothehouse.(upthestaris,across
18、theporch,intothehouse是三个短语,在最后一个加,and)4.Weallagreedthatshewasbeautiful,thatshewasintelligent,andthatshewasambitious.(三个thatshewas.都是子句)2.2.7在句子中加上逗号,以免引起误解:1.Thatsheknewwherethemoneywas,wasnewstome.(如果was,was之间不加逗号,是不是会引起误解呢?)2.Outside,thelawnwascluttere
19、dwithhundredsofbrokenbranches.外面的草坪上到处是断枝。(如果outside后去掉逗号,那意思就变成“在草坪的外面到处是断枝。”)2.2.8用逗号分开引用句:1.“Youarebeautiful,”hesaid.(这个逗号要放在引号内)2.Ourteachersaid,“Freedomisnotlicense.”(.said,)3.“No,”shesaid,“Iwasjusttestingyourpatience.”(No,/said,)4.“Perhaps,”Tomresp
20、onded,“Iwilltryanyway.”(Perhaps,/responded,)2.2.9逗号用以分开星期、月日、年份:1.OnMonday,May5,2000,herfirstchildwasborn.(Monday,May5,2000,)2.OnMarch8,2003,heboughtanewcar.(March8,2003,)3.June2000isoneofthemostmeaningfulofmylife.(只有月和年,就不必加逗号)2.2.10逗号用以分开地名、省名、国名、街道名、巷
21、弄名等:1.Lindalivesat1234AmarilloAve.,#1,PaloAlto,CA94303,U.S.A.2.2.11逗号用在suchas和especially的前面:1.Theyenjoyoutdoorsports,suchashikingandriding.2.Helikesallextracurricularactivities,especiallybasketballplaying.2.3突出句子中某个插入成份(Parentheticalelements):所谓插入成份,是指在句子中去掉它也可成
22、立的成份。插入成份一般是感叹词、状语、副词子句等。2.3.1句子里插入的词、短语、子句等,加上逗号以示插入成份:1.Heknew,however,thatnoonewouldlistentohiswarning.(插入however)2.No,youmaynotcomewithus.(插入No)2.3.2用逗号分开“乃此非彼”的结构:1.Jane,notShirley,willattendthemeeting.(是Jane,不是Shirley)2.HewantedtoseeMr.Wu,notMr.Hu.
23、(是吴先生,不是胡先生)3.Somesaytheworldwillendinice,notfire.(是冰,不是火)4.Itwashermoney,nothercharmorpersonality,thatfirstattractedhim.(为的是她的财富,不是为了她的妩媚或个性)2.3.3句中有非限制性的词或短语之类,以逗号标出以示插入成份:1.Herhusband,Bill,isascientist.(Bill为插入成份)2.KentHoward,myEnglishteacher,isfromAm
24、erica.(插入成份myEnglishteacher)3.Herfather,whoisafamousscholar,teachesEnglish.(插入成份whoisafamousscholar)4.Eleanor,hiswifeofthirtyyears,suddenlydecidedtoopenherownbusiness.(试将插入成份hiswifeofthirtyyears去掉,句子是否也能成立?)2.3.4句中的城市名如果和它的省、州、国名并列,省、州、国名前后须加逗号:1.WevisitedHart
26、eRedSoxwereleadingtheleagueattheendofMay,butofcourse,theyalwaysdowellinthespring.(but的后面不可加逗号)2.TheTigersspentmuchoftheseasonatthebottomoftheleague,andeventhoughtheypickedupseveralpromisingrookies,theyexpecttobethereagainnextyear.(and的后面不可再加逗号)2.3.
27、6向人说话时,逗号放在对方名字或称谓之后、之前或者前后都加:1.John,comehere.(John,逗号在名字之后)2.Openthedoor,John.(,John逗号放在名字之前)3.Itis,Sir,notmyfault.(,Sir,逗号放在称谓前面和后面)2.4替代句子里某个成份2.4.1用逗号替代句子里某部份,表示字词的省略:1.Thelionisthesymbolofcourage;thelamb,ofmeekness.(thelamb,ofmeekness原本应该是thelambisthe
29、:3.1.1用在陈述句(Declarativesentence)尾,表示句子结束:1.Iamleavingnow.2.AilanandXiaodongaremyfriends.3.1.2用在祈使句(Imperativesentence)尾,表示句子结束:1.Closethedoor.2.Turninyourpapers,please.(Interrogativesentence)尾,表示麻烦你给我三份。(不要看到Will3.1.3用在礼貌的、祈使性的、以及间接疑问句句子结束:1.Willyoupleasesendmet
30、hreecopies.you.就在句尾加问号喔)2.SincewhenamIsupposedtobelievethis.我什么时候会相信这个呢3.Heaskedifyoucancome.他问你能不能来。3.2句号用在表示缩写(Abbreviation,Acronym):3.2.1缩写词(Abbreviation):(将一个字词省略其中某些字母,字尾须加句号)1.称呼:Mr.=Mister,Mrs.=Misteress,Dr.=Doctor,Mim.=Ministor/Ministry,Esq.=Esqui
32、er,Nov.=November,Dec.=December(注意:oct.=octave八度,nov.=novelist小说家,dec.=deceased亡故)5.国名:Afr.=Africa/African,Aus.=Austria/Austrian,Fr.=France/French,Ger.=Germany,It.=Italy/Italian6.其他:etc.=etcetera(等),Xmas.=Christmas,min.=minimum/minor,max.=max
35、个小黑点是件麻烦事,因此有些就干脆省掉它,下面是一些不加句点的缩写词:1.组织名:UN,UNESCO,WTO2.数目:$75,2nd,5th,HenryV3.常用词:memo,math,exam,lab,dorm,TV,CD,VCD,DVD,PS=Postscript附言,SARS(现在是无人不知其大名的了!)4.度量衡:mm,cm,km,g,mg,ml,kw,kv3.3句号用在数字方面:3.3.1表示小数点:1.$12.50,Y200.20,RM4.45,50.45%,5.
37、elookingout.ofaspaceship.4.1.2在句子中间删节,跟着省略号的字母必须小写:1.Heagreedthatpriceswere.reasonable.4.1.3句尾删节,要点四点():1.Shedisagreedwiththedecision(最后一点是句号)4.2表示在对话或叙述中的停顿、犹豫、踌躇、语气强调等:1.Clutchingathisthroat,hegasped,“Help.helpme.2.Heseemednervous.staredstraightahead.kepttwitc
38、hingandjerking.thenheranforshelter.3.Youmean.I.uh.wehaveatesttoday4.3段落的删节4.3.1删节一段以上,以一行小点代之:Thisisparagraph1.(表示删节第2-4段)Thisisparagraph如果段落删节开始开某段的中间,点四点表示下面的文字被删节:Thisis(这里点四点,表示从这里开始删节)(这里点一行,表示其中的段落被删节)Thisisparagraph如果删节的最后一段只省略中间的一部份,最后一段的开始处
41、esay,“Iamgoingtocollegenextyear”(注意是“,”?问号在引号之外喔)2.Doyouagreewiththesaying,“Alivingdogisbetterthanadeadlion(整句是问你同意引号内的那句话吗,所以问号要加在句尾)5.1.3如果引用句本身是个问句,那问号就要加在引号内:1.Didhesay,“Areyougoingtocollegenextyear”(这里“,”这个问句要放在引号内。不可写成Didhesay,“Areyougoing
45、on,”shesaidsoftly.5.2引用句属“无声对话”,加不加引号都可以:(Oh,whata1.Oh,whatabeautifulmorning,Curlysaidtohimself.2.Oh,whatabeautifulmorning!Curlysaidtohimself.(加上引号也行)5.3间接引用语不可加上引号:(ThePresidentsaid1.ThePresidentsaidthatNAFTAwouldeventuallybeaboontosmallbusinessesinbothcou
49、:)冒号冒号在中文或英文里都是一个相当常见的标点符号,在用法上也大致一样。注意:*冒号前不可有空格冒号后可加一空格冒号后千万不要加-(如:-)大家先来看看下面的例子,你以为句子中的冒号用法对吗?Forourcampingtrip,Ibrought:alantern,asleepingbag,food,water,andaflashlight.如果你的答案是对,那你就错了!这是一个常见的冒号用法上的错误。正确的用法,看下去就会明白了。这里且让我们从最简单的用法开始吧。6.1冒号用在公函上收信人的称呼DearSir:(你看,冒号前没有任何空格喔)Wewereveryhonoredtohaveyoucomevisitourcompany.6.2冒号用于分开标题和副标题(当一标题需要进一步说明时所加上的副标题)1.MathApplications:UsingCalculustoDeterminetheAgeofRocks(标题MathApplications和副标题UsingCalculustoDeterminetheAgeofRocks间以冒号隔开)2.IrecommendChinn