1、NO.1孔子（Confucius）是春秋时期（theSpringandAutumnPeriod）的大思想家、大教育家和儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，是古代中国人心目中的圣人。孔子的言论和生平活动记录在由他的弟子或再传弟子编成的论语（TheAnalects）一书中。论语是中国古代文化的经典著作。在孔子之后几千年的中国历史上，没有哪一位思想家、文学家和政治家不受论语的影响。不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。Asagreatthinker,educatorandfounderofConfucianismduringtheSpringand
2、AutumnPeriod,ConfuciusisasagetotheancientChinesepeople.HiswordsandlifestorywererecordedbyhisdisciplesandtheirstudentsinTheAnalects.AsanenduringclassicofChineseculture,TheAnalectshasinfluencedallthinkers,writersandpoliticiansinthethousandyearsChinesehisto
4、纹理可以说是蜡染的灵魂所在。WaxprintingappearedinChinaabout2,000yearsago.WaxprintinghaslongbeenawidespreadtechniqueusedinthehistoryofChinesefashion.Duringthedyeingprocess,beeswaxisappliedtopreventsomepartsoftheclothformbeingdyed.Whenthebeeswaxdries,itdevelopscracks,whic
5、habsorbindigointheprocessofdyeing,thusformingthebeautifulnaturallinesresemblingbreakingice.Thesenaturallyformedlinesrepresentthebeautyandsoulofwaxprinting.NO.3景泰蓝（cloisonn）是驰名中外的传统工艺，它集青铜艺术、瓷器和雕刻诸种工艺制作技巧于一身，是一门地道的北京绝活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人们居家使用的精美物品。这项工艺始创于明代景泰年间，初创时的颜色主要是蓝色，故得名“景
6、泰蓝”。到了成化年间，景泰蓝技术进一步成熟，这个时期的作品沉稳凝重又透明灵动，而且铜胎也极为讲究。CloisonnisatraditionalartwidelyknowninandoutsideChina.ItisakindofsuperblocalexpertiseformofBeijing,whichcombinestheskillsofbronzeart,porcelain,carvingandothertypesoffolkarts.Itisdeemedvaluableintheeyesofcollec
7、tors,aswellasrefinedornamentsfordailyuse.ThemakingofcloisonnfirstappearedduringtheJingtaireignoftheMingDynasty,withthemaincolourusedbeingblue,hencethename“JingtaiBlue”asitbecameknownlateron.BythetimeoftheChenghuareign,thetechniquesformakingcloisonnwer
8、efurtherdeveloped,withproductsofthisperiodlookingheavyanddignifiedyetnotlackingineloquenceorvividness.Moreover,itscastwasalwaysmadeofchoicecopper.NO.4西塘在浙江嘉兴，位于上海和杭州之间。这个占地规模并不大的古镇有着悠久的历史，它初建于春秋时期（theSpringandAutumnPeriod），位于吴国和越国的交界处。西塘的大致规模在宋代之前就已经形成，今所见西塘著名的桥梁望仙桥（Wang
9、xianBridge）就是宋代的遗迹。在明清时期，西塘既是远近闻名的鱼米之乡，又是著名的丝绸制造之地，还以制陶业（ceramics）而享誉全国。XitangislocatedinJiaxing,ZhejiangProvince,betweenShanghaiandHangzhou.Thoughsmallinsize,thisancienttownboastsalonghistory.ItwasfirstbuiltduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,attheborderbetweenthestate
10、sofWuandYue.ThepresentlayouthadalreadytakenshapebeforetheSongDynasty,andthefamousWangxianBridgeinXitangisalegacyoftheSongDynasty.BytheMingandQingDynasties,Xitanghadbecomeawell-knowntradecenterforfarmproducts,silksandceramics,allproducedinthesurroundin
11、gareasandfamousthroughoutthecountry.NO.5秧歌舞（Yangkodance）是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作迅速有力。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。TheYangkodanceisatraditionalfolkdanceoftheHanChinese,commonlyperformed
12、inthenorthernprovinces.Yangkodancersusuallywearbrightandcolorfulcostumes,andtheirmovementsarevigorousandquick.Duringholidays,suchasthelunarNewYearandtheLanternFestival,assoonaspeoplehearthesoundofdrumsandgongstheyswarmintothestreetstowatchYangkodancepe
13、rformances,nomatterhowcolditisoutside.Inrecentyears,elderlypeopleinsomecitiesinNortheastChinahavebeenorganizingthemselvesintoYangkoteams,withthedancersenjoyingthemselveswhilekeepingfitallyearround.NO.6中国的青铜器时代（BronzeAge）从夏开始，经历商、西周到春秋时期（theSpringandAutumnPeriod）
15、iod.Largenumbersofunearthedartifactsindicateahighlevelofancientbronzecivilizationinthecountry.Theyfeaturerichpoliticalandreligiousthemes,andareofhighartisticvalue.ArepresentativeexampleistheGreatDingforYu,whichisnowpreservedintheMuseumofChineseHistory.It
16、wascastabout3,000yearsagoduringthereignofKingKangofWesternZhouDynasty.NO.71911年，中国爆发了历史上的第一次资产阶级革命辛亥革命（theRevolutionof1911），它推翻了中国封建社会的最后一个朝代清朝，废除了中国延续了2000多年的封建帝制，建立了中国的第一个民主共和国中华民国。民国政府成立以后，要求全国人民都剪掉头上的辫子（queues），选择自己喜欢的发型。至此，在中国延续了280多年的辫子法令终于被解除。In1911,thefirstbourgeoisre
17、volutioninChinesehistorytheRevolutionof1911brokeout.ThelastdynastyoftheChinesefeudalsociety,QingDynasty,wasover-thrownandthemonarchsystemthathadahistoryofmorethan2,000yearswasabolished.TheRepublicofChina,thefirstdemocraticrepublicinChina,wasfoundedin191
18、2.Afteritsfoundation,thegovernmentofRepublicofChinahadrequiredthecitizenstocutofftheirqueuesandmakethehaircuttheyliked.Sincethen,thewearing-queueorderthathadlastedformorethan280yearsinChinahasbeenabolished.NO.8出现在中国五代时期的妇女缠足（foot-binding），虽然最初是宫廷舞女为了方便跳舞而采用的一种行
19、为，但由于有人认为脚裹起来更好看，所有很多人就开始效仿起来。到了宋代，封建社会的纲常思想非常严重，受到男尊女卑的封建礼教的影响，女子裹脚的风气被传承下来，并逐渐成为一种习俗。为了与妇女的小脚相适应，宋代还出现了专门为裹足妇女制作的弓鞋（gongxie）。Thepracticeoffoot-bindingforwomenappearedintheFiveDynasties,butinthebeginning,itwasonlyadoptedbythecourtdancersforconveniencewhiledancing.Sincepeopl
20、ethoughtthefoot-bindingmadewomensfeetlookmorebeautiful,manyfemalesrushedtofollowsuit.BytheSongDynasty,duetotheimportanceoffeudalethicalthoughtsandinfluenceofthefeudalmalesuperiorityconception,thepracticeoffoot-bindingwasinheritedandbecameacustom.IntheSong
21、Dynasty,tomeettheneedsofwomenssmallfeet,akindofspeciallydesignedshoesgongxiewasmade.NO.9据中国古代史书记载，治水有功的大禹通过禅让制接替舜成为部落联盟首领。但大禹死后，他的儿子夏启却破坏禅让的传统，自立为国王，建立了中国历史上第一个奴隶制国家夏。从此，王位实行世袭制度，中国社会从此步入阶级社会。夏代处在中国社会从原始社会向奴隶社会过渡的时期，社会生活的各个方面依然保存着原始社会的种种痕迹。AccordingtotheChineseancientdocuments,t
22、helegendaryleaderShunabdicatedandhandedoverhisleadershiptoDaYuwhohadmadegreatcontributiontocontrollingthefloodoftheYellowRiverofChina.WhenDaYudied,hissonXiaQibreachedthetraditionofdemisesystemandsethimselfastheking.Xia,thefirstslaverynationinChinesehistory,wasfounded.Sincethen,thehereditarysystemhadbeenpracticed.Thus,Chinasteppedintoaclasssociety.TheXiaDynastywasatransitionfrompr