开通VIP,畅享免费电子书等14项超值服
首页
好书
留言交流
下载APP
联系客服
2023.12.18山东
民法典合同篇和物权篇常用法律术语
学术交流请致
matador1@foxmail.com
第一部分民法典合同篇常用法律术语
1.concludev.缔结,订立(条约,公约,合同);裁定
toconcludeacontract缔结合同
concludeapeacetreaty订立和平条约
concludeatreatywithsb.与某人订立和约
Thepartiesmayconcludeacontractinwriting,orally,orinotherform.
当事人订立合同,可以采用书面形式、口头形式或者其他形式。
2.subjectmattern.诉讼标的;(合同等的)标的;标的物
subjectmattercompetence(ofacourt)按标的物确定的管辖权
subjectmatterofinsurance保险标的
Asalescontractisacontractwherebythesellertransferstheownershipofasubjectmattertothebuyer,andthebuyerpaysthepriceforit.
买卖合同是出卖人转移标的物的所有权于买受人,买受人支付价款的合同。
3.settlementn.(诉讼或纠纷)和解;清偿;设定;(遗嘱或遗产)完全执行;分割;安置
settlementaccount结算账户
settlementagreements和解协议
settlementallowance安置费
Theterminationofarelationofrightsandobligationsunderacontractshallnotaffectthevalidityofclausesthatrelatedtosettlementofaccountsandwinding-up.
合同的权利义务关系终止,不影响合同中结算和清理条款的效力。
4.offern.要约;报价;企图v.提出要约
offerofsettlement和解要约
offertochaffer公开招标
offertoguarantee担保要约
offerunderseal密封要约
aninvitationtooffer邀约
Thepartiesmayconcludeacontractbymakinganofferandacceptanceorthroughothermeans.
当事人订立合同,可以采取要约、承诺方式或者其他方式。
5.rewardn.赏金;悬赏合同;报酬v.报酬;奖赏
rewardsystem奖赏制度
Wherearewarderthroughmakinganannouncementpromisestopayarewardtoanyonewhohascompletedaparticularact,thepersonwhohascompletedtheactmayrequesttherewardertopaythereward.
6.damagesn.损害赔偿金
compensatorydamages补偿性赔偿金
punitivedamages惩罚性赔偿金
nominaldamages象征性赔偿金
Thepartiesmayagreethatifonepartybreachesthecontract,itshallpayacertainsumofliquidateddamagestotheotherpartyinlightofthecircumstancesofthebreach,andmayalsoagreeonamethodforthecalculationoftheamountofcompensationforlossesincurredasaresultofthebreach.
当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付一定数额的违约金,也可以约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法。
7.fallv.(债务)到期;(租约)期满;失败;跌价;属于;在…限度(范围或管辖权)内
n.跌倒;垮台
fallavictimtotheaccident成为事故的受害者
falldue到履行期
falltoone’sshare归某人负担;归某人的份额
fallintoerror陷入歧途
Duringthecourseofconcludingacontract,thepartythatfallsunderanyofthefollowingcircumstancesandcauseslossestotheotherpartyshallbeartheliabilityforcompensation.
当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一,造成对方损失的,应当承担赔偿责任。
8.remunerationn.报酬;赔偿金;偿还
remunerationforpersonalservices劳务报酬
remunerationforwork工作报酬
remunerationinkind实物报酬
remunerationofcapital资本报酬
Afteracontractbecomeseffective,wherethepartieshavenotagreedonsuchcontentsasthequality,priceorremuneration,ortheplaceofperformance,andthelike,ortherelevantagreementisunclear,thepartiesmaymakeasupplementaryagreement;wherethepartiesfailtoreachasupplementaryagreement,suchcontentsshallbedeterminedaccordingtotherelevantclausesofthecontractorthecourseofdealing.
第二部分民法典物权篇常用法律术语
1.alienationn.转让,分裂,疯狂
alienationclause转让条款
alienationofaffections离间夫妻感情
Thecreation,alteration,alienation,orextinguishmentoftherealrightsin
immovablepropertyshallberegisteredinaccordancewithlaw.
不动产物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭,应当依照法律规定登记。
2.demurrern.诉求不充分抗辩,反对,停顿
demurrerbook法律抗辩争点记录
demurrertoevidence对证据的异议
Wheretherightholderasrecordedintheregisterofimmovablepropertydoesnotagreetomakerectification,aninterestedpersonmayapplyforregistrationofademurrer.
权利人、利害关系人认为不动产登记簿记载的事项错误的,可以申请更正登记。
--Article220法工委版
3.priorityn.在先,优先权,优先行使管辖权原则
priorityofattachment扣押的优先性
priorityofexercise优先行使管辖权
However,themortgageehasnopriorityofcompensationmadewiththeproceedsobtainedfromthenewbuilding.
但是,新增建筑物所得的价款,抵押权人无权优先受偿。
4.interferencen.妨碍;介入;干预;扰乱
(专利法)抵触审查指两人或两人以上就同一发明主张专利权时,用以确定何一优先的行政程序。目前通常由两种制度,一是发明在先制度【firsttoinventrule】;二是申请在先制度【firsttofilerule】
interferenceestoppelrejection抵触审查
interferencepay干预报酬
interferenceproceeding抵触审查程序
Wherearealrighthasbeenormaybeinterferedwith,therightholdermayfileaclaimforremovalofinterferenceoreliminationofdanger.
妨害物权或者可能妨害物权的,权利人可以请求排除妨害或者消除危险。
5.expropriationn.征收私有财产以作公用
expropriationofland土地征用
expropriationofproperty财产的征用
Noorganizationorindividualmayembezzle,misappropriate,privatelydivide,withhold,ordefaultonthepaymentofindemnitiesforexpropriationandotherexpenses.
任何组织或者个人不得贪污、挪用、私分、截留、拖欠征收补偿费等费用。
6.requestn.要求,申请v.请求
requestblank/form申请书
requestnote/sheet申请书
Afinderthatillegallypossessesthefoundpropertyshallhavenorighttoclaimtheexpensespaidforthesafekeepingoftheproperty,amongothers,ortorequesttherightholdertofulfilltheobligationaspromised.
拾得人侵占遗失物的,无权请求保管遗失物等支出的费用,也无权请求权利人按照承诺履行义务。
7.equityn.股权、股份,衡平法,公平,横平,含义、意图,附属权利或义务
equitycapital股本
equitycredits资产信贷
Apledgeonfundsharesorequityiscreateduponregistrationofthepledge.
以基金份额、股权出质的,质权自办理出质登记时设立。
8.withholdv.扣留(属于他人或他人主张的财产);拒绝
withholdagent税款预提义务人
withholdconfidence撤回信任
withholdexemptionandreductions预扣税减免
Thepropertyownedbythestateshallbeprotectedbylaw,andnoorganizationorindividualmayembezzle,loot,privatelydivide,withhold,ordestroythem.
国家所有的财产受法律保护,禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、私分、截留、破坏。
9.misappropriatev.侵占
misappropriationtheory信息盗用理论
misappropriationofpublicfunds侵吞公款
10.conversionn.折价
conversionintomoney折价,换算成现金
ifitisdifficulttopartitionthepropertyorthepartitionwilldecreaseitsvalue,theproceedsobtainedfromtheconversionintomoney,auctionorsell-offoftheimmovableormovableshallbedistributed.
难以分割或者因分割会减损价值的,应当对折价或者拍卖、变卖取得的价款予以分割。
11.giftv.赠与n.赠与物
giftbywill遗嘱赠与
giftofproperty财产赠与
giftsubjecttocharge附负担的赠与
Theownershipoftheparkingspacesandgarageswithinthebuildingareaplannedasvehicleparkingspacesshallbeagreeduponbytherelatedpartiesinthemannersofselling,giftingorleasing,etc.
建筑区划内,规划用于停放汽车的车位、车库的归属,由当事人通过出售、附赠或者出租等方式约定。
12.recoverv.完全收回(开支、费用、债权、被夺取的财产等),恢复
recoverthegoods追回货物
recoverstolengoods追回赃物
recoverlosses挽回损失,弥补损失
Whereapersontransferstothetransfereeanimmovableormovablewhichsuchapersonhasnorighttodisposeof,theownerhastherighttorecovertheimmovableormovable.
无处分权人将不动产或者动产转让给受让人的,所有权人有权追回;
13.willn.遗嘱
jointwill共同遗嘱
jointandmutualwill共同互惠遗嘱
lastwill最后遗嘱(指死者生前最近所设立的遗嘱)
Wherearightofhabitationiscreatedbywill,therelevantprovisionsofthisChaptershallbeappliedmutatismutandis.
以遗嘱方式设立居住权的,参照适用本章的有关规定。
14.collateraladj.担保的;有担保的n.担保物
collateralacceptance担保承兑
collateralact担保行为(指给予债券、押金等作担保)
Whereadebtorfailstoperformhisobligationsdue,oranyeventuponwhichansecurityinterestistobeenforcedasagreeduponbythepartiesoccurs,thepersonentitledtothesecurityinteresthasprioritytobepaidfromthecollateralinaccordancewithlaw,unlessotherwiseprovidedbylaw.
担保物权人在债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现担保物权的情形,依法享有就担保财产优先受偿的权利,但是法律另有规定的除外。
15.securityn.担保
securityagreement担保合同
securitybill证券担保汇票
Forthepurposesoftheprecedingparagraph,thedebtororthethirdpartyisthemortgagor,thecreditoristhemortgagee,andthepropertypostedassecurityisthemortgagedproperty.
前款规定的债务人或者第三人为抵押人,债权人为抵押权人,提供担保的财产为抵押财产。
16.suretyn.(连带责任)保证人
suretymoney保证金
suretycommission保证手续费
Whereaclaimissecuredbybothacollateralandasurety,andthedebtorfailstoperformhisobligationsdueoranyeventuponwhichasecurityinterestistobeenforcedasagreeduponbythepartiesoccurs,thecreditorshallenforcetheclaiminaccordancewiththeagreement.
被担保的债权既有物的担保又有人的担保的,债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现担保物权的情形,债权人应当按照约定实现债权。
17.privateplotsn.自留地
Therighttousethelandownedbythecollective,suchasrurallandasaresidentiallot,privateplotsandhillylandallottedforprivateuse,exceptthatitmaybemortgagedasprovidedforbyanylaw.
宅基地、自留地、自留山等集体所有土地的使用权,但是法律规定可以抵押的除外。
18.homesteadn.宅基地
HomesteadAct宅地法案;份地法
TherelevantlawsonlandadministrationandtherelevantprovisionsoftheStateshallapplytoobtaining,exerciseandtransferofhomesteaduserights.
宅基地使用权的取得、行使和转让,适用土地管理的法律和国家有关规定。
19.seize.查封
CashSeizedinDrugBust缉毒查扣的现金
Themortgageeknowsorshouldhaveknownthatthemortgagedpropertyisseizedordetained.
抵押权人知道或者应当知道抵押财产被查封、扣押。
20.exercise
exerciseofjudgement行使判断
exerciseofjudicialdiscretion司法裁量权行使
Ifthepledgeefailstoexercisethepledge,thepledgormayrequestthepeople'scourttohavethepledgedpropertyauctionedorsoldoff.
质权人不行使的,出质人可以请求人民法院拍卖、变卖质押财产。