大学英语四级考试真题训练附答案解析
PartI
Writing
(30minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistotakeajobinacompanyandtheothertogotoagraduateschool.Youaretomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourchoice.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartⅡ
ListeningComprehension
(25minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.A.Tosatisfythecuriosityoftourists.
B.Toreplacetwooldstonebridges.
C.ToenabletouriststovisitGoatIsland.
D.Toimproveutilityservicesinthestate.
2.A.Countlesstreelimbs.
B.Afewskeletons.
C.Lotsofwreckedboatsandships.
D.Millionsofcoinsonthebottom.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.A.ItsuspendeddiplomaticrelationswithLibya.
B.IturgedtouriststoleaveTunisiaimmediately.
C.ItshutdowntwobordercrossingswithLibya.
D.ItlaunchedafierceattackagainstIslamicState.
4.A.AdviseTunisianciviliansonhowtotakesafetyprecautions.
B.Trackdowntheorganizationresponsiblefortheterroristattack.
C.TrainqualifiedsecuritypersonnelfortheTunisiangovernment.
D.DeviseamonitoringsystemontheTunisianborderwithLibya.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.A.Anenvironment-friendlybattery.
B.Anenergy-savingmobilephone.
C.Aplant-poweredmobilephonecharger.
D.Adevicetohelpplantsabsorbsunlight.
B.Whileplayinggamesontheirphones.
C.Whilesolvingamathematicalproblem.
D.Whiledoingachemicalexperiment.
7.A.Itincreasestheapplicationsofmobilephones.
B.Itspeedsuptheprocessofphotosynthesis.
C.Itimprovesthereceptionofmobilephones.
D.Itcollectstheenergyreleasedbyplants.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.A.HevisitedtheworkshopsintheGrimsbyplant.
B.Hecalledthewomanandleftheramessage.
C.Heusedstand-insasreplacementsonalllines.
D.Heaskedatechniciantofixthebrokenproductionline.
9.A.Itisthemostmodernproductionline.
B.Itassemblessuper-intelligentrobots.
C.Ithasstoppedworkingcompletely.
D.Itisgoingtobeupgradedsoon.
10.A.Toseekherpermission.
B.Toplaceanorderforrobots.
C.Torequesthertoreturnatonce.
11.A.Sheisonduty.
B.Sheishavingherdayoff.
C.Sheisonsickleave.
D.Sheisabroadonbusiness.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
B.Hewantedtobeasuperhero.
C.Hepreventedatraincrash.
D.Hewasawitnesstoanaccident.
13.A.Hehasa9-month-oldboy.
B.Heiscurrentlyunemployed.
C.Heenjoystheinterview.
D.Hecommutesbysubway.
14.A.Arockonthetracks.
B.Amisplacedpushchair.
C.Astrongwind.
D.Aspeedingcar.
15.A.Shestoodmotionlessinshock.
B.Shecriedbitterly.
C.Shecalledthepoliceatonce.
D.Sheshoutedforhelp.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A.Sheinheritedherfamilyice-creambusinessinBillings.
B.Shelovedtheice-creambusinessmorethanteachingprimaryschool.
D.Shewantedtohaveanice-creamtruckwhenshewasalittlegirl.
17.A.Topreserveatradition.
B.Toamuseherdaughter.
C.Tohelplocaleducation.
D.Tomakesomeextramoney.
18.A.Toraisemoneyforbusinessexpansion.
B.Tomakehertruckattractivetochildren.
C.Toallowpoorkidstohaveice-creamtoo.
D.Toteachkidsthevalueofmutualsupport.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A.Thereasonsforimposingtaxes.
B.Thevariousservicesmoneycanbuy.
C.Thevariousburdensonordinarycitizens.
D.Thefunctionofmoneyinthemodemworld.
20.A.Educatingandtrainingcitizens.
B.Improvingpublictransportation.
D.Buildinghospitalsandpubliclibraries.
21.A.Byaskingfordonations.
B.Bysellingpubliclands.
C.Bysellinggovernmentbonds.
D.Byexploitingnaturalresources.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A.ItislocatedatthecenteroftheEuropeancontinent.
B.Itreliesontourismasitschiefsourceofrevenues.
C.Itcontainslessthanasquaremileofland.
D.ItissurroundedbyFranceonthreesides.
23.A.ItsbeautyisfrequentlymentionedinAmericanmedia.
B.ItsrulerPrinceRainiermarriedanAmericanactress.
C.ItiswheremanyAmericanmoviesareshot.
D.ItisafavoriteplaceAmericansliketovisit.
24.A.Tobacco.
B.Potatoes.
C.Machinery.
D.Clothing.
25.A.Europeanhistory.
B.Europeangeography.
C.SmallcountriesinEurope.
D.TouristattractionsinEurope.
PartⅢ
ReadingComprehension
(40minutes)
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Warmingwatersareknownto27tocoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)andtheytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea28Whilethetopoftheoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto29Theresearchersgathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter30ofheatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.Theygatheredtogethertemperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury31ofBritishnavalshipstomodemautomatedoceanprobes.Theextensivedatasources,32withcomputersimulations(计算机模拟),createdatimelineofoceantemperaturechanges,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossilfuel33
A.absorb
B.Combined
C.Contribute
D.depth
E.emissions
F.excursion
G.explore
H.floor
I.heights
J.indifferent
K.levels
L.mixed
M.picture
N.unsure
O.voyage
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
TheSecrettoRaisingSmartKids
A)Ifirstbegantoinvestigatethebasisofhumanmotivation--andhowpeoplepersevereaftersetbacks--asapsychologygraduatestudentatYaleUniversityinthe1960s.AnimalexperimentsbypsychologistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniahadshownthatafterrepeatedfailures,mostanimalsconcludethatasituationishopelessandbeyondtheircontrol.Aftersuchanexperienceananimaloftenremainspassiveevenwhenitcaneffectchange--astatetheycalledlearnedhelplessness.
C)Inparticular,attributingpoorperformancetoalackofabilitydepressesmotivationmorethandoesthebeliefthatlackofeffortistoblame.WhenItoldagroupofschoolchildrenwhodisplayedhelplessbehaviorthatalackofeffortledtotheirmistakesinmath,theylearnedtokeeptryingwhentheproblemsgottough.Anothergroupofhelplesschildrenwhoweresimplyrewardedfortheirsuccessoneasierproblemsdidnotimprovetheirabilitytosolvehardmathproblems.Theseexperimentsindicatedthatafocusoneffortcanhelpresolvehelplessnessandgeneratesuccess.
F)Aspredicted,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setfeltthatlearningwasamoreimportantgoalthangettinggoodgrades.Inaddition,theyheldhardworkinhighregard.Theyunderstoodthatevengeniuseshavetoworkhard.Confrontedbyasetbacksuchasadisappointingtestgrade,studentswithagrowthmind-setsaidtheywouldstudyharderortryadifferentstrategy.Thestudentswhoheldafixedmind-set,however,wereconcernedaboutlookingsmartwithlessregardforlearning.Theyhadnegativeviewsofeffort,believingthathavingtoworkhardwasasignoflowability.Theythoughtthatapersonwithtalentorintelligencedidnotneedtoworkhardtodowell.Attributingabadgradetotheirownlackofability,thosewithafixedmind-setsaidthattheywouldstudylessinthefuture,trynevertotakethatsubjectagainandconsidercheatingonfuturetests.
G)Suchdifferentoutlookshadadramaticimpactonperformance.Atthestartofjuniorhigh,themathachievementtestscoresofthestudentswithagrowthmind-setwerecomparabletothoseofstudentswhodisplayedafixedmind-set.Butastheworkbecamemoredifficult,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setshowedgreaterpersistence.Asaresult,theirmathgradesovertookthoseoftheotherstudentsbytheendofthefirstsemester--andthegapbetweenthetwogroupscontinuedtowidenduringthetwoyearswefollowedthem.
H)Afixedmind-setcanalsohindercommunicationandprogressintheworkplaceanddiscourageorignoreconstructivecriticismandadvice.Researchshowsthatmanagerswhohaveafixedmind-setarelesslikelytoseekorwelcomefeedbackfromtheiremployeesthanaremanagerswithagrowthmind-set.
I)Howdowetransmitagrowthmind-settoourchildrenOnewayisbytellingstoriesaboutachievementsthatresultfromhardwork.Forinstance,talkingaboutmathematicalgeniuseswhoweremoreorlessbornthatwayputsstudentsinafixedmind-set,butdescriptionsofgreatmathematicianswhofellinlovewithmathanddevelopedamazingskillsproduceagrowthmind-set.
J)Inaddition,parentsandteacherscanhelpchildrenbyprovidingexplicitinstructionregardingthemindasalearningmachine.Idesignedaneight-sessionworkshopfor91studentswhosemathgradesweredecliningintheirfirstyearofjuniorhigh.Forty-eightofthestudentsreceivedinstructioninstudyskillsonly,whereastheothersattendedacombinationofstudyskillssessionsandclassesinwhichtheylearnedaboutthegrowthmind-setandhowtoapplyittoschoolwork.Inthegrowthmind-setclasses,studentsreadanddiscussedanarticleentitled"YouCanGrowYourBrain."Theyweretaughtthatthebrainislikeamusclethatgetsstrongerwithuseandthatlearningpromptsthebraintogrownewconnections.Fromsuchinstruction,manystudentsbegantoseethemselvesasagentsoftheirownbraindevelopment.Despitebeingunawarethatthereweretwotypesofinstruction,teachersreportedsignificantmotivationalchangesin27%ofthechildreninthegrowthmind-setworkshopascomparedwithonly9%ofstudentsinthecontrolgroup.
K)Researchisconverging(汇聚)ontheconclusionthatgreataccomplishmentandevengeniusistypicallytheresultofyearsofpassionanddedicationandnotsomethingthatflowsnaturallyfromagift.
37.Focusingoneffortiseffectiveinhelpingchildrenovercomefrustrationandachievesuccess.
38.Wecancultivateagrowthmind-setinchildrenbytellingsuccessstoriesthatemphasizehardworkandloveoflearning.
42.Afterfailingagainandagain,mostanimalsgiveuphope.
43.Informingstudentsaboutthebrainasalearningmachineisagoodstrategytoenhancetheirmotivationforlearning.
45.Intheworkplace,feedbackmaynotbesowelcometomanagerswithafixedmind-set.
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.AndD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
"Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,"economistAdamSmithoncewrote,"arecommoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsofalmostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsoftaxation."
Twoandahaftcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftaxonalcoholandtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublichealthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaoftaxingsugaraswell.
Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedtosuchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeansthatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyaswellastasty.
Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprovethequalityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufacturershavecuttheamountofsugarintheirbeverages.
Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30yearshavebeenachievedeitherbyreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,orbyfindinganalternativeingredient.Morerecently,however,somecompanieshavebeeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowtoadjustthefundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,havingsaltontheoutside,butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontentwithoutchangingthetaste.
Whilereformulatingrecipes(配方)isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshouldbepartofamulti-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthatthereisnotjustonesolution.Todealwithobesity,amixtureofapproaches--includingreformulation,taxationandadjustingportionsizes--willbeneeded.Thereisnosilverbullet.
46.WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholand.tobacco
A.Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.
B.Theywereinever-increasingdemand.
C.Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.
D.Theywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesoflife.
47.Whyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar
A.Theyareundergrowingpressuretobalancetheirnationalbudgets.
B.Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.
C.Thepracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularandprofitable.
D.Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingeneratingprofits.
48.WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods
A.Itdidnotworkoutaswellaswasexpected.
B.Itgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.
C.ItcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.
D.Itmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.
49.Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinksbothhealthyandtasty
A.Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.
B.Settingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.
D.Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.
50.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"Thereisnosilverbullet"(Line4,Para.7)
A.Thereisnosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblem.
B.Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:modelseatingtissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfromhunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunway.
A.Ithascausedneedlesscontroversy.
B.Itisbutamatterofpersonaltaste.
C.Itisthefocusofthemodelingbusiness.
52.WhatareRecordandAustinadvocatingintheMondayeditorial
C.Eliminationofforcedweightlossbymodels.
D.Prohibitionofmodelseatingnon-foodstuff.
53.WhyareRecordandAustinespeciallyworriedaboutthelowbodymassindexofmodels
A.Itcontributestomanymentalillnesses.
B.Itdefinesthefutureofthefashionindustry.
C.Ithasgreatinfluenceonnumerousgirlsandwomen.
D.Itkeepsmanyotherwisequalifiedwomenofftherunway.
A.Ithasdifficultyhiringmodels.
B.Ithasnowanewlawtofollow.
C.Itallowsgirlsunder18ontherunway.
D.IthasovertakenthatoftheUnitedStates.
55.WhatdoesRecordexpectofNewYorkFashionWeek
A.Itwillcreateacompletelynewsetofrules.
B.ItwilldobetterthanParisFashionWeek.
C.ItwilldifferfromParisFashionWeek.
D.ItwillhavemodelswithahigherBMI.
PartⅣ
Translation
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在圭蝗(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。
PartIWriting
范文点评
高分范文
GoingtoGraduateSchoolIsaBetterChoice
⑦Consideringthethreereasonslistedabove,Iwouldchoosetogotoagraduateschoolaftergraduationtoearnabetterfuture.
作文全文翻译
PartIIListeningComprehension
NewsReportone
听力全文
预览两道题各选项，由选项中出现的tourists，stonebridges，GoatIsland和boatsandships等词可以推测，新闻内容与某个旅游景点有关，且该景点涉及水。
1.WhydoesNewYorkStatewanttoturnoffNiagaraFalls
B。新闻中提到，纽约州公园系统想在未来的两三年内关闭美国境内的尼亚加拉大瀑布，以更换行人、公园车辆和设备通往山羊岛的两座石桥，这两座石桥距今已有115年的历史了。因此答案为B。
2.WhatdidpeoplefindwhenNiagaraFallswereshutoffinl9697
D。新闻结尾提到，1969年尼亚加拉大瀑布被关闭后，人们发现河底有数百万的硬币。因此答案为D。
NewsReportTwo
预览两道题各选项，由选项中出现的Libya，Tunisia，bordercrossings，terroristattack和security等词可以推测，新闻内容与突尼斯和利比亚边境发生的恐怖袭击有关。.
3.C。
4.D。
NewsReportThree
5.C。
6.A。
7.D。
ConversationOne
8.B。
9.C。
10.A。
11.B。
ConversationTwo
W:Youweregoingtoaninterviewwhentheincidentoccurred,right
W:Telluswhathappenedatthestation.
M:(14)Therewasastrongwind.Ithadtobe30to40milesanhour.Therewasawomanwithfourkids.Onewasinapushchair.Thewindblewthebabyontothetracks.
M：N0.Ijustjumpeddownandgrabbedthebaby.ThetrainwascomingaroundthecornerasIliftedthebabyfromthetracks.Ireallywasn’tthinking.
W：Whatanamazingstory.Thankyouverymuch.
Questionsl2to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.A。
13.B。
14.C。
15.A。
预览三道题各选项，由选项中出现的ice.creambusiness，ice.creamtruck和ice.cream等词可以推测，短文内容与冰激凌生意有关。
16.D。
17.A。
18.C。
预览三道题各选项，由选项中出现的taxes，money，Educating，Improving，Protecting和Building等词可以推测，短文内容与税收及其用途有关。19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout
A。短文开头提到，我们通过交税来享受这些服务，而在短文结尾又提到，我们必须为让我们的生活变得更加舒适的服务支付一定的费用。由此可知，本文主要谈论的是交税的原因，故答案为A。
20.Whatismostofthegovernmentmoneyusedfor
C。短文中提到，每个政府的主要职能就是保护人身和财产安全，超过四分之三的政府开销都用在此目的上。因此答案为C。
21.Howdidthegovernmentraisemoneytopaypublicbillsinthepast
B。短文中提到，以前政府通过出售公有土地来筹集钱款，故答案为B。
PassageThree
22.D。
23.B。
24.D。
25.C.
PartⅢReadingComprehension
阅读全文翻译
选项归类
名词：
D.depth深度，深厚;
E.emissions排放;
F.excursion远足，短途旅游;
H.floor地板，楼层;
I.heights高度，高地;
K.levels水平面，水平;
M.picture局面，图画;
0.voyage航行，航程
动词：
A.absorb吸收，吸引……的注意;
B.combined使结合;
C.contribute是(造成某情况)的一个原因，贡献;
G.explore探索，探险;
K.levels使成水平，使平等;
L.mixed使混合，混淆;
M.picture想象，描述
形容词：
B.combined联合的;
J.indifferent漠不关心的;
L.mixed混合的，混淆的;
N.unsure不确定的，缺乏信心的
详解详析
26.A.absorb。
27.C.contribute。
28.K.levels。
29.G.explore。
30.M.picture。
31.O.voyage。
32.B.combined。
33.E.emissions。
34.D.depth。
35.N.unsure。
36.F。
专注于努力在帮助孩子战胜挫折，获得成功方面是有效的=由题干中的Focusingoneffort和achievesuccess定位到原文画线处
该段第一句提到，比起归因于缺乏努力，把糟糕的表现归因于缺乏能力对积极性的打击更大。因此应该让孩子专注于付出努力会帮助他们勇敢地面对挫折，获得成功。题干二中的overcomefrustration对应原文中的resolvehelplessness，achieve对应generate，故答案为C。
38.I。
39.B。
在作者的实验中，拥有成长思维模式的学生在解决数学难题时表现出更强大的毅力，
由题干中的greaterperseverance和difficult定位到原文画线处。
该段开头提到这两种不同看法或者说两种思维模式会对学生的学业表现产生重大影响，但这种影响并不会在一开始显现出来。当课程的难度逐渐增大时，拥有成长思维模式的学生会表现出更强大的毅力。题干中的perseverance对应原文中的persistence，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为G。
41.E。
在一次又一次的失败之后，大多数动物都会放弃希望。
由题干中的failingagainandagain和giveuphope定位到原文画线处。
定位句指出宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家们做的动物实验表明，大多数动物在遭遇多次失败之后，都会认为没有希望了，对于糟糕的情况它们束手无策，、题干中的failingagainandagain对应原文中的repeatedfailures：giveuphope对应原文中的hopeless，故答案为A。
43.J。
44.D。
45.H。
46.C。
47.B。
48.A。由题干中Danishtaxationonfat-richfoods定位至第三段第三句：Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper.fattierfare.
事实细节题。第三段讨论了糖、酒、烟税的有效性问题。墨西哥的酒税是有效的，但是丹麦征收的高脂肪食品税却在执行一年后就被废除了，因为消费者为避免纳税可以跨境去德国购买能满足其需求且更便宜、脂肪含量更高的食品。由此可知，A.“没有像预期的那样有效”符合原文意思，故本题答案为A。
B.“带来了许多边境问题”、C.“没有德国的合作不可能成功”在原文中均未提及，故均排除;D.“遇到了食品业的坚决反对”虽然符合第四段第一句的表述，但是第三段中并没有明确指出丹麦的`政策是否遇到了抵制，故排除。
49.D。
50.A。
全文翻译
你可能听说过时尚行业的一些恐怖故事：模特们吃下纸巾或棉花球来抵抗饥饿，她们走下T台后不久就因饥饿导致的心脏病而倒下。
(51)几十年以来过瘦的模特一直是争论的焦点，两位研究者称模特的体重应该成为职场健康的安全问题。(52)在星期一发行的《美国公共健康杂志》上，凯瑟琳·雷科德和布瑞恩·奥斯汀阐述了政府加强时尚行业管理的理由。
国际T台模特的体重指数(BMI)平均不到l6——按照世界卫生组织的标准足以表明饥饿。(53)雷科德和奥斯汀担忧的不仅仅是模特本身，还有受模特形象影响的大量盘性。
“尤其是女孩和青少年。”雷科德说，“70%的l0～18岁女孩认为，她们根据在杂志上看到的来定义什么是完美体型。”雷科德说这尤其让人担心，因为根据国家精神健康研究院统计，厌食症导致的死亡人数比任何其他精神疾病都要多。
雷科德的建议是禁止模特代理公司雇佣体重指数低于l8的模特。
(54)四月份，法国通过了一项法律，给模特的体重规定了更低的限制。模特代理公司和时尚企业如果雇用体重指数低于l8的模特，要缴纳82000美元的罚款，入狱最高达6个月。雷科德说监管美国的时尚业并不轻松。但是随着法国通过了新法律，在美国的支持会大有不同。(55)她补充道，“如果不参加巴黎时尚周，一个设计师都无法生存。我们认为.纽约时尚周也应如此。”