《中国的粮食安全》白皮书(双语全文)

国务院新闻办公室10月14日发布《中国的粮食安全》白皮书。全文如下:

中国的粮食安全FoodSecurityinChina

(2019年10月)中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室StateCouncilInformationOfficeofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaOctober2019

目录Contents

前言Preamble

一、中国粮食安全成就I.China'sAchievementsinEnsuringFoodSecurity

二、中国特色粮食安全之路II.FoodSecurityinChina

三、对外开放与国际合作III.OpeningUpandInternationalCooperation

四、未来展望与政策主张IV.ProspectsandPolicies

结束语Conclusion

粮食安全是世界和平与发展的重要保障,是构建人类命运共同体的重要基础,关系人类永续发展和前途命运。作为世界上最大的发展中国家和负责任大国,中国始终是维护世界粮食安全的积极力量。中国积极参与世界粮食安全治理,加强国际交流与合作,坚定维护多边贸易体系,落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程,为维护世界粮食安全、促进共同发展作出了积极贡献。Foodsecurityisanessentialguaranteeforworldpeaceanddevelopment,asignificantfoundationforaglobalcommunityofsharedfuture,andaninfluentialfactorforthedevelopmentandfutureofhumanity.Astheworld'slargestdevelopingcountry,andamajorcountrythatshouldersitsresponsibilities,Chinahasalwaysbeenapositiveforceinsafeguardingworldfoodsecurity.Chinahasbeenanactivepartofglobalfoodsecuritygovernance,enhancinginternationalexchangesandcooperation,supportingthemultilateraltradesystem,andimplementingtheUnitedNations2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.Inthissense,Chinahasmadeapositivecontributiontoimprovingglobalfoodsecurityandpromotingcommondevelopment.

为全面介绍中国粮食安全成就,增进国际社会对中国粮食安全的了解,特发布本白皮书。TheChinesegovernmentispublishingthiswhitepapertoprovideafullpictureofhowfoodsecurityoperatesinChina,inordertoincreasetheinternationalcommunity'sunderstandinginthisimportantfield.

中国人口占世界的近1/5,粮食产量约占世界的1/4。中国依靠自身力量端牢自己的饭碗,实现了由“吃不饱”到“吃得饱”,并且“吃得好”的历史性转变。这既是中国人民自己发展取得的伟大成就,也是为世界粮食安全作出的重大贡献。Withonefifthoftheworldpopulation,Chinaaccountsforaquarteroftotalglobalfoodproduction.Chinaisself-reliantinsecuringitsownfoodsupply;itspeoplenowhavenotonlyenoughtoeat,butalsoagreaterrangeofchoices.Comparedtopasttimeswhentheywereunderfed,thishistoricalchangehasbeenmadepossiblebytheChinesethemselvesthroughhardworkanddevelopment.Itisalsoakeycontributiontoworldfoodsecurity.

(一)粮食产量稳步增长1.Steadygrowthinfoodoutput

——人均占有量稳定在世界平均水平以上。目前,中国人均粮食占有量达到470公斤左右,比1996年的414公斤增长了14%,比1949年新中国成立时的209公斤增长了126%,高于世界平均水平。-Percapitafoodoutputremainsabovetheworldaverage.CurrentlyChina'spercapitafoodoutputisaround470kg,growingby14percentfrom414kgsince1996whenChinapublisheditsfirstwhitepaperonfood-TheGrainIssueinChina,andby126percentfrom209kgin1949,whenthePRCwasfounded.Thisishigherthantheworldaverage.

——单产显著提高。2010年平均每公顷粮食产量突破5000公斤。2018年达到5621公斤,比1996年的4483公斤增加了1138公斤,增长25%以上。2017年稻谷、小麦、玉米的每公顷产量分别为6916.9公斤、5481.2公斤、6110.3公斤,较1996年分别增长11.3%、46.8%、17.4%,比世界平均水平分别高50.1%、55.2%、6.2%。-Perunityieldhassignificantlyincreased.Theaveragefoodyieldperhectareisasfollows:

-morethan5,000kgin2010;

-5,621kgin2018,anincreaseof1,138kg,or25percent,over1996.

Theyieldsperhectareforrice,wheatandcornin2017areasfollows:

-6,916.9kg,up11.3percentover1996,50.1percenthigherthantheworldaverage;

-5,481.2kg,up46.8percentover1996,55.2percenthigherthantheworldaverage;

-6,110.3kg,up17.4percentover1996,6.2percenthigherthantheworldaverage.

——总产量连上新台阶。2010年突破5.5亿吨,2012年超过6亿吨,2015年达到6.6亿吨,连续4年稳定在6.5亿吨以上水平。2018年产量近6.6亿吨,比1996年的5亿吨增产30%以上,比1978年的3亿吨增产116%,是1949年1.1亿吨的近6倍。粮食产量波动幅度基本稳定在合理区间,除少数年份外,一般保持在±6%的范围之内。-Totalfoodoutputhasseenasteadyincrease.China'stotalfoodoutputsurpassed

-550milliontonsin2010,

-600milliontonsin2012,

-660milliontonsin2015,

-650milliontonsforfouryearsfrom2015.In2018thefigurewasnear660milliontons,up30percentover1996(500milliontons),theyearChinapublisheditsfirstwhitepaperonfoodsecurity,116percentover1978(300milliontons),theyearofthelaunchofChina'sreformandopeningup,andbynearly600percentover1949(110milliontons),theyearthePRCwasfounded.

Overtheyearsfoodoutputeachyearhasfluctuatedwithinarangeofplusorminus6percent,withtheexceptionofafewyears.

(二)谷物供应基本自给2.Self-sufficiencyingrainsupply

——实现谷物基本自给。2018年,谷物产量6.1亿吨,占粮食总产量的90%以上,比1996年的4.5亿吨增加1.6亿吨。目前,我国谷物自给率超过95%,为保障国家粮食安全、促进经济社会发展和国家长治久安奠定了坚实的物质基础。-Chinaisself-sufficientingrainsupply.In2018thegrainoutputwas610milliontons,accountingformorethan90percentoftotalfoodoutput,andgrowingby160milliontonsover1996.CurrentlyChinasupplies95percentofitsownneedsforgrain,layingdownasolidmaterialfoundationformaintainingnationalfoodsecurity,promotingsocioeconomicdevelopment,andsafeguardinglong-termpeaceandstability.

——确保口粮绝对安全。近几年,稻谷和小麦产需有余,完全能够自给,进出口主要是品种调剂,将中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手上。2001年至2018年年均进口的粮食总量中,大豆占比为75.4%,稻谷和小麦两大口粮品种合计占比不足6%。-Chinaensuresabsolutesecurityofstaplegrains.In2001-2018,soybeanaccountedfor75.4percentofimportedgrains,andthetwomainstaplegrainsofriceandwheattogetheraccountedforlessthan6percent.Inrecentyears,withriceandwheatoutputmeetingdomesticneeds,Chinaisfullyself-sufficientinfoodsupply,andthemaindriveroffoodimportsandexportsistosatisfytheneedforvariety.Chinamakessureitreliesonitselfforfoodsupply.

(三)粮食储备能力显著增强3.Greaterfoodreservecapacity

——仓储现代化水平明显提高。2018年全国共有标准粮食仓房仓容6.7亿吨,简易仓容2.4亿吨,有效仓容总量比1996年增长31.9%。食用油罐总罐容2800万吨,比1996年增长7倍。规划建设了一批现代化新粮仓,维修改造了一批老粮库,仓容规模进一步增加,设施功能不断完善,安全储粮能力持续增强,总体达到了世界较先进水平。-Foodstorageisfurthermodernized.In2018thestoragecapacityofqualifiedgrainwarehouseswas670milliontons,andthatofsimplewarehouseswas240milliontons.Totaleffectivewarehousecapacitygrewby31.9percentover1996.Thetotaltankcapacityforedibleoilswas28milliontons,asevenfoldincreaseover1996.Chinahasbuiltnewmoderngrainstoragefacilitiesandrenovatedoldones,furtherincreasingstoragecapacity.Withthefacilities'functionsalsoimproved,Chinahassecuredacontinuedincreaseinitsfoodstoragecapacity,generallyreachingworldadvancedlevels.

——物流能力大幅提升。2017年,全国粮食物流总量达到4.8亿吨,其中跨省物流量2.3亿吨。粮食物流骨干通道全部打通,公路、铁路、水路多式联运格局基本形成,原粮散粮运输、成品粮集装化运输比重大幅提高,粮食物流效率稳步提升。-Logisticscapacityhasincreasedmarkedly.In2017,thetotalvolumeoffoodtransportedreached480milliontons,including230milliontonsofinterprovincialtransport.Allmajorchannelsoffoodlogisticshavebeenintegratedtoformamultimodaltransportnetworkcomposedofhighways,railwaysandwaterways.Foodlogisticsnowinvolvesmoreunprocessedgrain,bulkgrain,andfinishedgrainproductstransportedbycontainer.Theefficiencyoffoodlogisticshasseensteadyimprovement.

图4:有效仓容总量及食用油罐总罐容增长情况新华社发

——粮食储备和应急体系逐步健全。政府粮食储备数量充足,质量良好,储存安全。在大中城市和价格易波动地区,建立了10-15天的应急成品粮储备。应急储备、加工和配送体系基本形成,应急供应网点遍布城乡街道社区,在应对地震、雨雪冰冻、台风等重大自然灾害和公共突发事件等方面发挥了重要作用。-Grainreservesandemergencyresponsesystemsareimproving.Thegovernmenthassufficientandqualityfoodreserves,withsecuredstorage.Emergencyfoodreservesfor10-15daysareavailableinlargeandmedium-sizedcitiesandareaspronetopricefluctuation.Anetworkofemergencyreserves,processinganddistributionisinplace,withoutletstosupplysub-districtsandcommunitiesinurbanandruralareas.Theseplayanimportantroleinresponsetonaturaldisasterssuchasearthquakes,sleet,snowstorms,andtyphoons,aswellaspublicemergencies.

(四)居民健康营养状况明显改善4.Improvednutritionforresidents

——膳食品种丰富多样。2018年,油料、猪牛羊肉、水产品、牛奶、蔬菜和水果的人均占有量分别为24.7公斤、46.8公斤、46.4公斤、22.1公斤、505.1公斤和184.4公斤,比1996年分别增加6.5公斤、16.6公斤、19.5公斤、17公斤、257.7公斤和117.7公斤,分别增长35.7%、55%、72.5%、333.3%、104.2%和176.5%。居民人均直接消费口粮减少,动物性食品、木本食物及蔬菜、瓜果等非粮食食物消费增加,食物更加多样,饮食更加健康。-Morechoicesformeals.Percapitasharesofvariousfoodsin2018andtheirincreaseover1996areasfollows:

-oil,24.7kg,growingby6.5kg(35.7percentup);

-pork,beefandmutton,46.8kg,growingby16.6kg(55percentup);

-aquaticproducts,46.4kg,growingby19.5kg(72.5percentup);

-milk,22.1kg,growingby17kg(333.3percentup);

-vegetables,505.1kg,growingby257.7kg(104.2percentup);and

-fruits,184.4kg,growingby117.7kg(176.5percentup).

Thepercapitadirectconsumptionofstaplegrainshasdecreased,andtheconsumptionofnon-grainfoodssuchasmeatandfish,ligneousfoods,vegetables,andfruitshasincreased.TheChinesehavemorechoicesinwhattheyeatandhaveahealthierdiet.

——营养水平不断改善。据国家卫生健康委监测数据显示,中国居民平均每标准人日能量摄入量2172千卡,蛋白质65克,脂肪80克,碳水化合物301克。城乡居民膳食能量得到充足供给,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物三大营养素供能充足,碳水化合物供能比下降,脂肪供能比上升,优质蛋白质摄入增加。-Improvednutrition.DatafromtheNationalHealthCommissionshowsthattheaveragedailyenergyintakeofastandardpersoninChinais2,172kcal,andtheintakesofprotein,fatandcarbohydrateare65g,80gand301g.Chinesecitizenshaveanadequatesupplyofdietaryenergy,withsufficientintakeofthethreemajornutrients-proteins,fatandcarbohydrates.Theproportionofcarbohydrateintakehasfallen,andthoseoffatandqualityproteinintakehaverisen.

(五)贫困人口吃饭问题有效解决5.Foodforthepoor

——重点贫困群体健康营养状况明显改善。2018年,贫困地区农村居民人均可支配收入达10371元人民币,实际增速高于全国农村1.7个百分点。收入水平的提高,增强了贫困地区的粮食获取能力,贫困人口粮谷类食物摄入量稳定增加。贫困地区青少年学生营养改善计划广泛实施,婴幼儿营养改善及老年营养健康试点项目效果显著,儿童、孕妇和老年人等重点人群营养水平明显提高,健康状况显著改善。-Nutritionforkeygroupsinpovertyhasimprovedmarkedly.In2018thepercapitadisposableincomeofresidentsinimpoverishedruralareasreached10,371yuan,anactualincreaseof1.7percentagepointshigherthanthatofruralareasingeneral.Thisincreaseinincomehasenabledpoorareastoacquiremorefood,andtheintakeofgrainsamongpoorgroupshasgrownsteadily.Thegovernmenthascarriedoutextensivenutritionimprovementprogramsinpoorareasforyoungstudents,infants,children,pregnantwomen,andtheelderly,asaresultofwhichtherehavebeennoticeableimprovementsintheirnutritionandhealth.

THE END
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24.HMOingredientsapprovedinChinaforearlyThe ingredients are GlyCare 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL) and GlyCare lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). Photo ? AdobeStock.com/279photo Two human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) ingredients from Dsm-Firmenich (Kaiseraugst, Switzerland) are now approved for infant nutrition in China. The ingredhttps://www.nutritionaloutlook.com/view/dsm-firmenich-s-two-hmo-ingredients-approved-in-china-for-early-life-nutrition
25.FoodNutrition(食品营养学)南昌大学Through the study of this course, students will have a basic grasp of the concept and relationship between food and nutrition and health. Through bilingual teaching, students can basically grasp the English terms commonly used in this major and become proficient in reading the English textbooks ofhttps://www.xuetangx.com/course/ncuP08601004455intl/21568721