Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
HarlanCobenbelievesthatifyou’reawriter,you’llfindthetime;andthatifyoucan’tfindthetime,thenwritingisn’tapriorityandyou’renotawriter.Forhim,writingisa1job–ajoblikeanyother.Hehas2itwithplumbing,pointingoutthataplumberdoesn’twakeupandsaythathecan’tworkwithpipestoday.
3,likemostwritersthesedays,you’reholidaydownajobtopaythebills,it’snot4tofindthetimetowrite.Butit’snotimpossible.Itrequiresdeterminationandsingle-mindedness.5thatmostbestsellingauthorsbeganwritingwhentheyweredoingotherthingstoearnaliving.Andtoday,evenwriterswhoarefairly6oftenhavetodootherworkto7theirwritingincome.
AsHarlanCobenhassuggested,it’sa8ofpriorities.Tomakewritingapriority,you’llhaveto9someofyourday-to-dayactivitiesandsomethingsyoureallyenjoy.Dependingonyour10andyourlifestyle,thatmightmeanspendinglesstimewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,thoughsomepeoplecanwrite11theylistentomusic.Youmighthaveto12theamountofexerciseorsportyoudo.You’llhavetomakesocialmediaan13activityratherthanadaily,time-consuming14.There’llprobablyhavetobelesssocializingwithyourfriendsandlesstimewithyourfamily.It’sa15learningcurve,anditwon’talwaysmakeyoupopular.
There’sjustonethingyoushouldtrytokeepatleastsometimefor,16yourwriting–andthat’sreading.Anywriterneedstoreadasmuchandaswidelyastheycan;it’stheone17supporter–somethingyoucan’tdowithout.
Timeisfinite.Theolderyouget,the18itseemstogo.Weneedtouseitascarefullyandas19aswecan.Thatmeansprioritisingouractivitiessothatwespendmosttimeonthethingswereallywanttodo.Ifyou’reawriter,thatmeans20writing.
1.[A]difficult[B]normal[C]steady[D]pleasant
2.[A]combined[B]compared[C]confused[D]confronted
3.[A]If[B]Though[C]Once[D]Unless
4.[A]enough[B]strange[C]wrong[D]easy
5.[A]Accept[B]Explain[C]Remember[D]Suppose
6.[A]well-known[B]well-advised[C]well-informed[D]well-chosen
7.[A]donate[B]generate[C]supplement[D]calculate
8.[A]cause[B]purpose[C]question[D]condition
9.[A]highlight[B]sacrifice[C]continue[D]explore
10.[A]relations[B]interests[C]memories[D]skills
11.[A]until[B]because[C]while[D]before
12.[A]putupwith[B]makeupfor[C]hangonto[D]cutdownon
13.[A]intelligent[B]occasional[C]intensive[D]emotional
14.[A]habit[B]test[C]decision[D]plan
15.[A]tough[B]gentle[C]rapid[D]funny
16.[A]inplaceof[B]inchargeof[C]inresponseto[D]inadditionto
17.[A]indispensable[B]innovative[C]invisible[D]instant
18.[A]duller[B]harder[C]quieter[D]quicker
19.[A]peacefully[B]generously[C]productively[D]gratefully
20[A]atmost[B]inturn[C]onaverage[D]aboveall
【答案见下一页】
1.[B]normal
2.[B]compared
3.[A]If
4.[D]easy
5.[C]Remember
6.[A]well-known
7.[C]supplement
8.[C]question
9.[B]sacrifice
10.[B]interests
11.[C]while
12.[D]cutdownon
13.[B]occasional
14.[A]habit
15.[A]tough
16.[D]inadditionto
17.[A]indispensable
18.[D]quicker
19.[C]productively
20.[D]aboveall
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Onarecentsunnyday,13,000chickensroamoverLarryBrown’s40windsweptacresinShiner,Texas.Somerestintheshadeofaparkedcar.Othersdrinkwaterwiththecows.Thisallseemsrandom,butit’sbydesign,partofwhatthe$6.1billionU.S.eggindustrybetswillbeitsnextbigthing:climate-friendlyeggs.
Theseeggs,whicharemakingtheirdebutnowonshelvesforasmuchas$8adozen,arestilllabeledorganicandanimal-friendly,butthey’realsofrombirdsthatliveonfarmsusingregenerativeagriculture—specialtechniquestocultivaterichsoilsthatcantrapgreenhousegases.Sucheggscouldbemarketedashelpingtofightclimatechange.
“I’mexcitedaboutourprogress,”saysBrown,whoharvestseggsforDenver-basedNestFreshEggsandisaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawwormsandcricketsforthechickenstoeat.Thebirds’wastethenfertilizesfields.Suchimprovements“allowourhenstoforageforhigher-qualitynaturalfeedthatwillbegoodfortheland,thehens,andtheeggsthatwesupplytoourcustomers.”
Theeggindustry’spushisthefirstmajortestofwhetheranimalproductsfromregenerativefarmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering.Inbarelymorethanadecade,organiceggswentfrombeingdismissedasanicheproductinnaturalfoodsstorestobeingsoldatWalmart.Morerecentlythereweresimilardoubtsaboutprobioticsandplant-basedmeats,butbothhaveexplodedintomajorsupermarketcategories.Ifthesustainable-eggrolloutissuccessful,itcouldopenthefloodgatesforregenerativebeef,broccoli,andbeyond.
Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell,becausetheconceptistoughtodefinequickly,saysJulieStanton,associateprofessorofagriculturaleconomicsatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityBrandywine.Suchfarmingalsobringsminimal,ifany,improvementtothefoodproducts(thoughsomeproducerssaytheireggshavemoreprotein).
Theindustryisbettingthatthesameconsumerspayingmoreforpremiumattributessuchasfree-range,non-GMO,andpasture-raisedeggswillembracesustainability.Surveysshowthatyoungergenerationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange,andsomeofthesuccessofplant-basedmeatcanbechalkeduptoshopperswantingtosignaltheirdesiretoprotecttheenvironment.Youngadults“reallycareabouttheplanet,”saysJohnBrunnquell,presidentofEggInnovations.“TheyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchainbeyondwhatIthinkeventheyunderstandwhatthey’redoing.”
21.Theclimate-friendlyeggsareproduced______.
[A]ataconsiderablylowcost
[B]atthedemandofregularshoppers
[C]asareplacementfororganiceggs
[D]onspeciallydesignedfarms
22.LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogressin______.
[A]reducingthedamageofclimatechange
[B]acceleratingthedisposalofwaste
[C]creatingasustainablesystem
[D]attractingcustomerstohisproducts
23.TheexampleoforganiceggsisusedinParagraph4tosuggest______.
[A]thedoubtsovernaturalfeeds
[B]thesetbacksintheeggindustry
[C]thepotentialofregenerativeproducts
[D]thepromotionalsuccessofsupermarkets
24.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatyoungpeople______.
[A]arereluctanttochangetheirdiet
[B]arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs
[C]arecuriousaboutnewfood
[D]areamazedatagricultureadvances
25.JohnBrunnquellwoulddisagreewithJulieStantonoverregenerativeproduct’s______.
[A]marketprospects
[B]standarddefinition
[C]nutritionalvalue
[D]moralimplication
【答案解析】
21.[D]onspeciallydesignedfarms
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词climate-friendlyeggs定位到第一段末句：Thisallseemsrandom,butit’sbydesign,partof...nextbigthing:climate-friendlyeggs(这看起来随意，但其实是设计好的，是下一个大事件气候友好蛋的一部分)。其中This指的是第一段开头描述的养鸡农场景象。养鸡农场是设计好的，用于生产气候友好蛋，由此可知气候友好蛋是在speciallydesignedfarms(经过特别设计的农场)上生产的，所以本题选D。
22.[C]creatingasustainablesystem
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogress定位到第三段①句，该句提到(Brown)isaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawwormsandcricketsforthechickenstoeat(Brown正在添加更多的覆盖作物来吸引蠕虫和蟋蟀给鸡吃)。结合②句Thebirds’wastethenfertilizesfields(然后鸡的排泄物可以给田地施肥)和③句中的Suchimprovements“allowourhenstoforageforhigher-qualitynaturalfeed...”(这样的改进使我们的母鸡能够找到更高质量的天然食物)可知，C项creatingasustainablesystem(创造一个可持续的系统)是对①-③句的合理概括，所以本题选C。
23.[C]thepotentialofregenerativeproducts
【解析】本题为例证题。例证题通常考查根据论据寻找论点的能力，论点一般在论据的前面。根据题干关键词organiceggs定位到第四段②句，该句为论据，其所要说明的事物为①句：whetheranimalproductsfromregenerativefarmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering(来自再生农场的动物产品能否成为下一个优质产品)。C项thepotentialofregenerativeproducts(再生产品的潜力)是对①句中问题的合理概括，所以本题选C。
24.[B]arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干中的youngpeople可先定位到最后一段中的②句：youngergenerationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange(年轻一代更加关心气候变化)。结合③句中的Youngadults“reallycareabouttheplanet”(年轻人真的关心地球)和④句中的Theyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchain(他们绝对在改变食物链)，可以判断年轻人很可能在从食物方面为改善气候和地球环境做贡献。B项arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs(可能购买气候友好蛋)是对②-④句的合理推断，所以本题选B。
25.[A]marketprospects
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干中的JohnBrunnquell定位到最后一段中的③句，Brunnquell说年轻人真的关心地球。结合④句他说年轻人绝对在改变食物链，可见他认为年轻人可能通过消费气候友好蛋等再生产品来保护地球，对再生产品的市场前景是乐观的。再根据题干中的JulieStanton定位到倒数第二段的①句，Stanton说Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell(再生产品可能要被强行推销)，可见她对再生产品的市场前景是悲观的。因此这两人在再生产品的市场前景方面的观点是不一致的，A项marketprospects(市场前景)准确指出了两人观点的分歧所在，所以本题选A。
Text2
MoreAmericansareoptingtoworkwellintoretirement,agrowingtrendthatthreatenstoupendtheoldworkforcemodel.
OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajobinretirementtoprepareforalongerlife,accordingtoasurveyconductedbyHarrisPollforTDAmeritrade.Evenmoresurprisingisthatmorethanhalfof“unretirees”–thosewhoplantoworkinretirementorwentbacktoworkafterretiring–saidtheywouldbeemployedintheirlateryearseveniftheyhadenoughmoneytosettledown,thesurveyshowed.
Financialneedsaren’ttheonlyculpritforthe“unretirement”trend.Otherreasons,accordingtothestudy,includepersonalfulfillmentsuchasstayingmentallyfit,preventingboredomoravoidingdepression.
“Theconceptofretirementisevolving,”saidChristineRussell,seniormanagerofretirementatTDAmeritrade.“It’snotjustaboutfinances.Thevalueofworkisalsodrivingfolkstocontinueworkingpastretirement.”
Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansarelivinglonger.Theshareofthepopulation65andolderwas16%in2018,up3.2%fromtheprioryear,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau.That’salsoup30.2%since2010.
Becauseoflongerlifespans,Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheirnesteggs,theTDAmeritradestudyshowed,whichsurveyed2,000adultsbetween40to79.Sixin10“unretirees”areincreasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife,accordingtothesurvey.Amongthemostpopularwaystheyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses,securinglifeinsuranceormaximizingtheircontributionstoretirementaccounts.
Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementarepreparingtodosobecausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears,saidBrentWeiss,aco-founderatBaltimore-basedfinancial-planningfirmFacetWealth.Hesuggestedthatpreretireesshouldspeakwithafinancialadvisertosetlong-termfinancialgoals.
“Themostchallengingmomentsinlifearegettingmarried,startingafamilyandultimatelyretiring,”Weisssaid.“It’snotjustafinancialdecision,butanemotionalone.Manypeoplebelievetheycan’tretire.”
26.ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPollindicatesthat.
[A]overhalfoftheretireesarephysicallyfitforwork
[B]theoldworkforceisasactiveastheyoungeronedoes
[C]oneinthreeAmericansenjoyearlierretirement
[D]moreAmericansarewillingtoworkinretirement
27.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatAmericanstendtothinkthat.
[A]retirementmaycauseproblemsforthem
[B]boredomcanberelievedafterretirement
[C]thementalhealthofretireesisoverlooked
[D]“unretirement”contributestotheeconomy
28.Retirementpatternsarechangingpartlydueto.
[A]laborshortage
[B]populationgrowth
[C]longerlifeexpectancy
[D]risinglivingcosts
29.Manyretireesareincreasingtheirsavingsby.
[A]investingmoreinstocks
[B]takingupoddjobs
[C]gettingwell-paidwork
[D]spendingless
30.Withregardtoretirement,BrentWeissthinksthatmanypeopleare.
[A]unprepared
[B]unafraid
[C]disappointed
[D]enthusiastic
26.[D]moreAmericansarewillingtoworkinretirement
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPoll定位到第二段①句：OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajobinretirementtoprepareforalongerlife。D项中的arewillingtoworkinretirement(愿意在退休后工作)是对原文haveorplantohaveajobinretirement(已经或计划在退休后获得一份工作)的同义转述，所以本题选D。
27.[A]retirementmaycauseproblemsforthem
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Paragraph3定位到第三段，Americanstendtothinkthat在第三段中没有对应内容，第三段整体分析了美国人选择在退休后继续工作的原因。①句说明经济需求不是唯一原因，②句列举了其他原因，诸如保持精神健康，避免无聊或沮丧，由此可反推，美国人认为退休会给自身带来此类问题，所以本题选A。
28.[C]longerlifeexpectancy
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Retirementpatternsarechanging定位到第五段①句Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansarelivinglonger。C项longerlifeexpectancy(更长的预期寿命)为该句中Americansarelivinglonger(美国人的寿命越来越长)的同义转述，所以本题选C。
29.[D]spendingless
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词increasingtheirsavings可定位到第六段①句Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheirnesteggs，及②句Sixin10“unretirees”areincreasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife，这两句都在描述美国人增加储蓄的事实，紧承的③句Amongthemostpopularwaystheyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses提出了最受欢迎的方式之一减少总体开支，对应了D项，所以本题选D。
30.[A]unprepared
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Withregardtoretirement，BrentWeiss定位到第七段①句Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementarepreparingtodosobecausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears,saidBrentWeiss。由该句becausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears(因为他们担心晚年入不敷出)可推知，许多人并没有准备好退休，对应了A项，所以本题选A。
Text3
Wehaveallencounteredthem,inbothourpersonalandprofessionallives.Thinkaboutthetimesyoufelttrickedorfrustratedbyamembershiporsubscriptionthathadaseamlesssign-upprocessbutwaslaterdifficulttocancel.Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbecomplicated,intentionallyorunintentionally,inwaysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseareexamplesofdarkpatterns.
Firstcoinedin2010byuserexperienceexpertHarryBrignull,“darkpatterns"isacatch-alltermforpracticesthatmanipulateuserinterfacestoinfluencethedecision-makingabilityofusers.Brignullidentifies12typesofcommondarkpatterns,rangingfrommisdirectionandhiddencoststo“roachmotel”,whereauserexperienceseemseasyandintuitiveatthestart,butturnsdifficultwhentheusertriestogetout.
Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000websites,researchersfoundthataboutonein10employsthesedesignpractices.Thoughwidelyprevalent,theconceptofdarkpatternsisstillnotwellunderstood.Businessandnonproftleadersshouldbeawareofdarkpatternsandtrytoavoidthegrayareastheyengender.
Lawmakersandregulatorsareslowlystartingtoaddresstheambiguityarounddarkpatterns,mostrecentlyatthestatelevel.InMarch,theCaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedtheapprovalofadditionalregulationsundertheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)that“ensurethatconsumerswillnotbeconfusedormisledwhenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights.”Theregulationsaimtobandarkpatterns-thismeansprohibitingcompaniesfromusing"confusinglanguageorunnecessarystepssuchasforcingthemtoclickthroughmultiplescreensorlistentoreasonswhytheyshouldn’toptout.”
Asmorestatesconsiderpromulgatingadditionalregulations,thereisaneedforgreateraccountabilityfromwithinthebusinesscommunity.Darkpatternsalsocanbeaddressedonaself-regulatorybasis,butonlyiforganizationsholdthemselvesaccountable,notjusttolegalrequirements,butalsotoindustrybestpracticesandstandard.
31.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatdarkpatterns______.
[A]improveuserexperiences
[B]leakuserinformationforprofit
[C]undermineusers’decision-making
[D]remindusersofhiddencosts
32.The2019studyondarkpatternsismentionedtoshow______.
[A]theirmajorflaws
[B]theircomplexdesigns
[C]theirseveredamage
[D]theirstrongpresence
33.Tohandledigitaldeception,businessesshould______.
[A]listentocustomerfeedback
[B]talkwithrelevantteams
[C]turntoindependentagencies
[D]relyonprofessionaltraining
34.TheadditionalregulationsundertheCCPAareintendedto______.
[A]guideusersthroughopt-outprocesses
[B]protectconsumersfrombeingtricked
[C]grantcompaniesdataprivacyrights
[D]restrictaccesstoproblematiccontent
35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,akeytocopingwithdarkpatternsis______.
[A]newlegalrequirements
[C]strictregulatorystandards
【答案】
31.[C]undermineusers’decision-making
32.[D]theirstrongpresence
33.[B]talkwithrelevantteams
34.[B]protectconsumersfrombeingtricked
Text4
Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsareunsureiftheirlessonscanactuallychangebehavior;evidenceeitherwayisweak,relyingoncontrivedlaboratorytestsorsometimesunreliableself-reports.ButanewstudypublishedinCognitionfoundthat,inatleastonereal-worldsituation,asingleethicslessonmayhavehadlastingeffects.
Theresearchersinvestigatedoneclasssession’simpactoneatingmeat.Theychosethisparticularbehaviorforthreereasons,accordingtostudyco-authorEricSchwitzgebel,aphilosopherattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside:students’attitudesonthetopicarevariableandunstable,behavioriseasilymeasurable,andethicsliteraturelargelyagreesthateatinglessmeatisgoodbecauseitreducesenvironmentalharmandanimalsuffering.Halfofthestudentsinfourlargephilosophyclassesreadanarticleontheethicsoffactory-farmedmeat,optionallywatchedan11-minutevideoonthetopicandjoineda50-minutediscussion.Theotherhalffocusedoncharitablegivinginstead.Then,unknowntothestudents,theresearchersstudiedtheiranonymizedmeal-cardpurchasesforthatsemester—nearly14,000receiptsforalmost500students.
Schwitzgebelpredictedtheinterventionwouldhavenoeffect;hehadpreviouslyfoundthatethicsprofessorsdonotdifferfromotherprofessorsonarangeofbehaviors,includingvotingrates,blooddonationandreturninglibrarybooks.Butamongstudentsubjectswhodiscussedmeatethics,mealpurchasescontainingmeatdecreasedfrom52to45percent—andthiseffectheldsteadyforthestudy’sdurationofseveralweeks.Purchasesfromtheothergroupremainedat52percent.
PsychologistNinaStrohmingerattheUniversityofPennsylvania,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysshewantstheeffecttoberealbutcannotruleoutsomeunknownconfoundingvariable.Andifreal,shenotes,itmightbereversiblebyanothernudge:“Easycome,easygo.”
Schwitzgebelsuspectsthegreatestimpactcamefromsocialinfluence—classmatesorteachingassistantsleadingthediscussionsmayhavesharedtheirownvegetarianism,showingitasachievableormorecommon.Second,thevideomayhavehadanemotionalimpact.Leastrousing,hethinks,wasrationalargument,althoughhisco-authorssayreasonmightplayabiggerrole.Nowtheresearchersareprobingthespecificeffectsofteachingstyle,teachingassistants’eatinghabitsandstudents’videoexposure.MeanwhileSchwitzgebel—whohadpredictednoeffect—willbeeatinghiswords.
36.Scientistsgenerallybelievethattheeffectsofethicsclassesare______.
[A]hardtodetermine
[B]narrowlyinterpreted
[C]difficulttoignore
[D]poorlysummarized
37.Whichofthefollowingisareasonfortheresearcherstostudymeat-eating
[A]Itiscommonamongstudents.
[B]Itisabehavioreasytomeasure.
[C]Itisimportanttostudents’health.
[D]Itisahottopicinethicsclasses.
38.EricSchwitzgebel’spreviousfindingssuggestthatethicsprofessors______.
[A]areseldomcriticaloftheirstudents
[B]arelesssociablethanotherprofessors
[C]arenotsensitivetopoliticalissues
[D]arenotnecessarilyethicallybetter
39.NinaStrohmingerthinksthattheeffectoftheinterventionis______.
[A]permanent
[B]predictable
[C]uncertain
[D]unrepeatable
40.EricSchwitzgebelsuspectsthatthestudents’changeinbehavior______.
[A]canbringpsychologicalbenefits
[B]canbeanalyzedstatistically
[C]isaresultofmultiplefactors
[D]isasignofself-development
36.[A]hardtodetermine
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Scientists、ethicsclasses定位到第一段①句的前半句：Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsareunsureiftheirlessonscanactuallychangebehavior。其中canactuallychangebehavior(确实能够改变行为)指的就是题干中的effects(效果)。A项hardtodetermine(很难确定)是对①句中unsure(不确定的)的同义替换。所以本题选A。
37.[B]Itisabehavioreasytomeasure.
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词reason定位到第二段②句：Theychosethisparticularbehaviorforthreereasons...:students’attitudesonthetopicarevariableandunstable,behavioriseasilymeasurable,andethicsliteraturelargelyagreesthateatinglessmeatisgood...。其中They指theresearchers，thisparticularbehavior指meat-eating。B项Itisabehavioreasytomeasure(它是一种容易测量的行为)是对②句中behavioriseasilymeasurable(行为是容易测量的)的同义替换。所以本题选B。
38.[D]arenotnecessarilyethicallybetter
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词previousfindings和ethicsprofessors定位到第三段①句的后半句：hehadpreviouslyfoundthatethicsprofessorsdonotdifferfromotherprofessorsonarangeofbehaviors,includingvotingrates,blooddonation...。其中he指EricSchwitzgebel,arangeofbehaviors指的是包括投票率、献血等在内的道德行为。D项arenotnecessarilyethicallybetter(未必在道德上更好)是对①句中donotdifferfromotherprofessorsonarangeofbehaviors(在一系列行为上与其他教授并无不同)的合理概括。所以本题选D。
39.[C]uncertain
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词NinaStrohminger和theeffect定位到第四段②句：PsychologistNinaStrohminger...saysshewantstheeffecttoberealbutcannotruleoutsomeunknownconfoundingvariable。其中theeffect指theeffectoftheintervention。C项uncertain(不确定的)是对②句中cannotruleoutsomeunknownconfoundingvariable(不能排除一些未知的混淆变量)的合理推断，即NinaStrohminger认为一些混淆变量可能和theintervention干预手段一起影响了实验结果，因此干预手段的效果是不确定的。所以本题选C。
40.[C]isaresultofmultiplefactors
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Schwitzgebelsuspects定位到第五段①句的前半句：Schwitzgebelsuspectsthegreatestimpactcamefromsocialinfluence，即导致学生行为变化的最大影响来自于社会影响。结合②句中的Second,thevideomayhavehadanemotionalimpact(第二，视频可能产生了情感方面的影响)，以及③句中的Leastrousing...wasrationalargument(最不激动人心的是理性讨论)，可知Schwitzgebel提到了社会影响、视频、理性讨论等多种影响因素。C项isaresultofmultiplefactors(是多种因素的结果)是对①-③句中各种影响因素的合理概括。所以本题选C。
PartB
ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
[A]Makeitahabit
[B]Don’tgoitalone
[C]Startlow,goslow
[D]Talkwithyourdoctor
[E]Listentoyourbody
[F]Gothroughthemotions
[G]Roundoutyourroutine
HowtoGetActiveAgainAfteraBreak
Movingyourbodyhasbeenshowntoreduceanxietyanddepression,lowerratesofmanytypesofcancerandtheriskofaheart attack,andimproveoverallimmunity.Italsohelpsbuildstrengthandstamina.Gettingbackintoexercisecanbeachallengeinthebestoftimes,butwithgymsandin-personexerciseclassesoff-limitstomanypeoplethesedaysbecauseofCOVID-19concerns,itcanbetrickytoknowwheretostart.Andit’simportanttogettherightdoseof
activity.“Toomuchtoosooneitherresultsininjuryorburnout,”saysMaryYoke,PhD,afacultymemberinthekinesiologydepartmentatIndianaUniversityinBloomington.
Thefollowingsimplestrategieswillhelpyoureturntoexercisesafelyafterabreak.
41.____________________
Don’ttrytogobacktowhatyouweredoingbeforeyourbreak.Ifyouwerewalking3milesaday,playing18holesofgolfthreetimesweek,orlifting10-pounddumbbellsforthreesetsof10reps,reduceactivitytohalfamileeveryotherday,ornineholesofgolfonceaweekwithshortwalksonotherdays,oruse5-pounddumbbellsforonesetof10reps.
Increasetime,distance,andintensitygradually.“Thisisn’tsomethingyoucandoovernight,”Denaysays.Butyouwillreapbenefitssuchaslessanxietyandimprovedsleeprightaway.
42.____________________
Ifyou’rebreathingtoohardtotalkincompletesentences,backoff.Ifyoufeelgood,goalittlelongerorfaster.FeelingwipedoutafterasessionGoeasiernexttime.Andstayalerttoserioussymptoms,suchaschestpainorpressure,severeshortnessofbreathordizziness,orfaintness,andseekmedicalattentionimmediately.
43.____________________
Consistencyisthekeytogettingstrongerandbuildingenduranceandstamina.
Tenminutesofactivityperdayisagoodstart,saysMarcusJackovitz,DPT,aphysicaltherapistattheUniversityofMiamiHospital.Alltheexpertswespokewithhighlyrecommendwalkingbecauseit’stheeasiest,mostaccessibleformofexercise.Althoughitcanbeaworkoutonitsown,ifyourgoalistogetbacktoZumbaclasses,tennis,cycling,oranyotheractivity,walkingisalsoagreatfirststep.
44.____________________
45.____________________
Youcandoactivitiessuchasgolfandtennisortakeawalkwithothersandstillbesociallydistant.Butwhenyoucan’tconnectinperson,considerusingtechnology.Chatonthephonewithafriendwhileyouwalkaroundyourneighborhood.FaceTimeorZoomwitharelativeasyoustrengthtrainorstretchathome.
Youcanalsojoinalivestreamoron-demandexerciseclass.SilverSneakersoffersthemforolderadults,ortryEverWalkforvirtualchallenges.
41.[C]Startlow,goslow
42.[E]Listentoyourbody
【解析】无明显段落中心句，①②句营造情境，阐述当感觉……时，应采取……活动。③句以一个问句引出④⑤句意在提出建议。⑤句指出stayalerttoserioussymptoms,suchaschestpainorpressure,severeshortnessofbreathordizziness,orfaintness,andseekmedicalattentionimmediately.(对严重症状保持警惕，如胸痛或感到压力，严重呼吸急促、头晕或昏厥，并立即就医)，E项Listentoyourbody中listento对应原文stayalertto，body对应suchaschestpainorpressure,severeshortnessofbreathordizziness,orfaintness，且该项与①②句所述信息相符。所以本题选E。
43.[A]Makeitahabit
【解析】段落中心为首句，首句Consistencyisthekeytogettingstrongerandbuildingenduranceandstamina.(连贯性是变得更强壮，建立忍耐力和持久力的关键。)，该句表述比较抽象，后紧接着MarcusJackovitz提出建议进行阐述Tenminutesofactivityperdayisagoodstart(每天十分钟的活动是一个良好的开端)。两句均在指向形成习惯，与A项Makeitahabit对应。所以本题选A。
44.[F]Gothroughthemotions
【解析】段落中心为首句，该句指出Evenifyoucan’tyetdoafavoriteactivity,youcanpracticethemoves(即使你还不能做喜欢的活动，也可以练习动作)，F项Gothroughthemotions中的gothrough对应practice,themotions对应themoves。所以本题选F。
45.[B]Don’tgoitalone
SectionIIITranslation
TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)
Althoughwetryourbest,sometimesourpaintingsrarelyturnoutasoriginallyplanned.Changesinthelight,thelimitationsofyourpaintingmaterials,andthelackofexperienceandtechniquemeanthatwhatyoustartouttryingtoachievemaynotcometolifethewaythatyouexpected.
Althoughthiscanbefrustratinganddisappointing,itturnsoutthatthiscanactuallybegoodforyou.Unexpectedresultshavetwobenefits:youprettyquicklylearntodealwithdisappointmentandrealisethatwhenonedoorcloses,anotheropens.Youalsoquicklylearntoadaptandcomeupwithcreativesolutionstotheproblemsthepaintingpresents,andthinkingoutsidetheboxwillbecomeyoursecondnature.
Infact,creativeproblem-solvingskillsareincrediblyusefulindailylife,withwhichyouaremorelikelytobeabletofindasolutionwhenaproblemarises.
【参考译文】
虽然我们尽了最大的努力，但有时我们的画作最终很少会像原来计划的那样。光线的变化、有限的绘画材料以及经验和技术的欠缺，都意味着你一开始尝试创作的作品最终可能不会达到预期效果。
虽然这可能会令人沮丧和失望，但事实证明，这实际上可以是对你有好处的。意想不到的结果有两个好处：你很快就能学会如何应对失望的情绪，并意识到当一扇门关闭时，另一扇门就会打开。你也很快就能学会适应并想出创造性的解决方案来解决画作中呈现的问题，因此，创新性地思考将成为你的第二天性。
事实上，创造性的问题解决技能在日常生活中非常有用，也让你更有可能在问题出现时找到解决方案。
SectionIVWriting
47.Directions:
Supposeyouareplanningacampusfoodfestival.Writeanemailtotheinternationalstudentsinyouruniversityto
1)introducethefoodfestival,and
2)invitethemtoparticipate.
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.
Donotuseyourownnameintheemail;use“LiMing”instead.(10points)
【审题】
【参考范文】
DearFriends,
Iamwritingthisemailtoyoutointroduceanupcomingcampusfoodfestivalandinviteyoutoattendit.
Therelevantdetailsareasfollows.Foronething,itwillbeheldintheschoolgymonSeptember20.Foranother,itisadvisableforyoutoknowthatduringthefestival,youwillenjoyavarietyoflocalfood,suchastheworld-famousColdNoodle(LiangPi)andChineseHamburger(RouJiaMo).Besides,alltheinternationalstudentsarewelcometoparticipateinthefoodfestival.
Isincerelyhopethatmyinvitationcandrawyourattention.
Sincerelyyours,
LiMing
48.Directions:
Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould
1)interpretthechart,and
2)giveyourcomments.
Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)
ThereisnodenyingthatthechartshowsthechangesinthebusinessvolumeofexpressdeliveryinChinafrom2018to2020.Duringtheseyears,thebusinessvolumesofoverallexpressdeliveryandruralexpressdeliveryhavegonethroughsomechanges.Especially,thevolumeofoverallexpressdeliveryhasexperiencedthegreatestchange,jumpingfrom51billionto83billionduringthistime.Obviously,thetendencyshouldbegivenmoreconsideration.
Manyfactorscontributetothetendencyreflectedinthischart,butinmyview,thefollowingtwomaytakethelead.Foronething,withthedevelopmentofChina’seconomy,especiallythatofthee-commerceindustry,onlineshoppinghasbecomeoneofthemostimportantdailyactivitiesofChineseresidents.Foranother,theincreasinginvestmentbysellersonfastdeliveryofgoodsisthekeyfactordrivingthegrowthoftheexpressdeliverymarket.
Accordingtotheanalysisabove,itisobviousthatthetendencyreflectedbythechartwillcontinueforsometimeinthefuture.Itishightimeforustoraiseourawarenessinthisaspect.