法律英语的另一个显著特点是严谨,因此,法学家尤其是律师为了起草文件的周全、严密,防止法院对己方作出不利于自己的解释,常常会在起草文件过程中采用大量的同义词或同义词组。下面这些同义词组是经常在法律文件中出现使用频率较高的。
1.alterandchange
分析:两个的意思都是变更、改变,作为同义词组使用,如:
Neitherpartymayalterandchangeanypartofthisagreementwithoutthepriorwrittenapprovaloftheotherparty.
任何一方未经另一方的事前书面同意不得对本协议的任何部分做修改或变动。
2.authorizeandempower
PartyAherebyauthorizesandempowerspartyBtoparticipateintheactiononbehalfofPartyAwhichshallbevalidtillsuchauthorizationexpiresorotherwiseiswithdrawnorterminatedbyPartyA,asthecasemaybe.
3.bindandobligate
分析:bind和obligate应该说是近义词,前者指约束,后者指具体负有什么样的义务,二者经常同时出现,表示“使…有义务做”,如:
BothPartiesheretoherebyagreewillinglytobindandobligatethemselvestoactandperformasfollows.
双方在此同意受本协议约束,执行以下条款….。
4.convey,transfer,andsetover
分析:convey通常指房地产的让渡,transfer是转让,setover也是转让的意思,三者同时出现。
Uponthetermsandsubjecttotheconditionscontainedherein(includingSection6.6),ontheClosingDate,Sellerswillsell,conveyandtransfer,orwillcausetobesold,conveyedandtransferredtoPurchaser,andPurchaserwillpurchaseandacquire,theAssets,freeandclearofallLiens,exceptPermittedLiens.
5.Costexpenseandcharge
分析:allthecost,expenseandchargesrelatedtotheprovisionofservicebyPartyBtoPartyAinaccordancewiththeinstructionsofPartyAshallbebornebyPartyA,notwithstandingthefactthePartyBadvancethesaidpayment.
6.covenantandagree
分析:AAACo.andBBBeachcovenantandagreethat,duringtheperiodfromthedateofthisAgreementuntilthisAgreementisterminatedinaccordancewithitsterms,unlessCCCshallotherwiseagreeinwriting,exceptasrequiredbylaworasotherwiseexpresslypermittedorspecificallycontemplatedbythisAgreement:
(a)eachofAAACo.andBBBandtheirrespectivesubsidiarieswillnottakeanyactionswhichwouldormightbereasonablyexpectedtomateriallyimpedeorotherwisefrustratethecompletionoftheOffer
7.deemandconsider
分析:SubjecttoallthetermsandconditionssetforthinTOS,youmayuseThisService.KLabshalldeemandconsiderthatyouhaveentirelyandcompletelyassentedandagreedtobeboundbyallthetermsandconditionssetforthinTOSatthattimeyouusedThisServicebyaccessingThisSite.1-3RespectiveguidelinesandrulesestablishedbyKLab(hereinaftercollectivelycalled“OtherTOS”)areincorporatedbyreferenceintotheTOS,andyoushallbesubjecttoallthetermsandconditionssetforthinTOSaswellasOtherTOS.
8.dueandowing
分析:"ClassAIndebtedness"meansallandanysumsnoworhereafterdueandowingbytheBorrowertotheGuarantorbywayofsubrogation,set-off,counterclaimorotherwiseagainsttheBorrowerinrespectofanypaymentmadebytheGuarantorundertheGuarantee,providedthatsuchClassAIndebtednessshallnotexceed_________($,_________)
9.eachandevery
Whereapplicationisbeingmadefortheregistrationofatradeunion,therulesofthetradeunionshallbesenttotheRegistrar,inthemannerprescribedbyregulations,atthesametimeastheapplicationforregistration.(b)WhentheRegistrarissatisfiedthat--(i)suchruleshavebeendulymade;(ii)suchrulesmakeadequateprovisionforeachandallofthemattersspecifiedinSchedule2;
Anyandallofwhichwillbeentitledtoinvokesuchtermsandconditionsontheirbehalfandenforcesuchtermsandconditionsagainstyou.
它们之中的任何一方及所有各方均有权作为其代表援引该条款与条件并对您执行该条款与条件。
10.finalandconclusive
TheApplicantshallprovidetheboardoftheStockExchange(the“Board”)withsuchinformationastheBoardmayrequirefordealingwithitsapplication.ThedecisionoftheBoardinrespectofanapplicationforaStockExchangeTradingRightshallbefinalandconclusive.
11.Fitandproper
昨日会议开始不久,即讨论到条例,指常任秘书长可以校董人选并非「fitandproper」(适合及适当)为理由拒绝为其注册;
12.Forceandeffect
AlllicensesoragreementslistedinSchedule2.8(b)(the"CertainIPAgreements")areinfullforceandeffectandtothebestknowledgeoftheCompanythereisnodefaultbyanypartythereto.TrueandcompletecopiesofallCertainIPAgreements,andanyamendmentsthereto,havebeenmadeavailabletothePurchasers,andtothebestknowledgeoftheCompany,thelicensorsundertheCertainIPAgreementstowhichtheCompanyisgrantedrights,tothebestoftheCompany'sknowledge,haveallrequisitepowerandauthoritytogranttherightspurportedtobeconferredthereby.Noneoftheproductsmanufacturedandsold,noranyprocessorknow-howused,bytheCompanyundertheCertainIPAgreementsinfringesorisallegedtoinfringeanypatent,trademark,servicemark,tradename,copyrightorotherproprietaryrightorisaderivativeworkbasedontheworkofanyotherperson.