1、,,,,,,,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,*,EnglishGrammar,,,SentenceII,,浙江宁波华茂外国语学校薛洪波,,,英语句子种类与类型,I、,句子种类（按交际用途分）,,陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、,,THERE-BE,存在句,,II、,句子类型（按句子结构分）,,简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句,提纲,,I、,句子种类（按交际用途分）,,,陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、,,感叹句、,THERE-BE,存在句,,,1、陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是
2、主语在前，位于在后。,,,Shearrivedearly.,,Shecannothavearrivednow.,,注：1）,半否定句,,,I,hardly,knowanythingaboutit.,,2）,部分否定句,与,全否定句,,,Idon’tlikeboththefilms.,,IlikeneitherCathynorMary.,,3),否定转移,,,Idon’tthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday.,,(believe,expect,suppose,imagine),I、,句子种类,,2、疑问句有一般疑问句、
3、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。,I、,句子种类,1）一般疑问句,用来询问一件事，答案通常是,yes,或,no，,注意语序。,,,Haveyou,anything,tosay,,Did,someone,phonemelastnight,,,,Can’t,youunderstandit,,,Isn’t,itabeautifullake,,---Haven’tyoubeentotheUK,,---,No,,Ihaven’t.,,2）特殊疑问句,疑问词有,who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how,等。,I、,句子种
4、类,（1）陈述语序,,Whowasthefirstmaninspace,,（2）,倒装语序,,Whoareyoutalkingabout,注：,A、,简略式,,WhynotgoaloneWhygetsoangry,,How/Whatabouttakingarest,,B、,复杂特殊疑问句,,What,doyou,,think,,hehas,done,,,,I、,句子种类,3）选择疑问句,,,,(1),以一般疑问句为基础,,Isheateacher,or,adoctor,or,apoliceman,,ShallIhel
5、pyou,or,canyoumanage,,,(2),以特殊疑问句为基础,,Whichdoyouprefer,redwine,or,white,,HowshallwegothereBybus,or,bytrain,,,,I、,句子种类,4）反义疑问句,问：+，-？或-，+？,,答：+，+.或-，-.,1.TomhardlyknowsFrench,____________,,2.—Mary,didn,'tfailherexam,didshe,,---______,she,didn,‘t.,,3.Youneedn’tcom
6、e,______you,,Youneedtocome,______you,,4.Hehadabigtimethere,______he,,Hehadacar,______he,,Wehardlyhavetogetupearly,______we,,5.HeusedtoliveinLeeds,______he,,6.,Let’sgotothematchatonce,______we,,Leavemealone,______you,,7.Theyhavebeenlearningto
7、drive,______they,,8.Noonewashurt,____________,,9.Thereisnodoubt()aboutit,____________,,10.Annahasn’tgottogotoschoolonSunday,______she,I、,句子种类,4）反义疑问句,,3、祈使句,,表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。,I、,句子种类,1）带第二人称的祈使句,,Bequiet,please.Don’tmakeanynoise!,,,You,callataxi.Don’t
8、,you,forgetit.(,强调),,,Givemeahand,will/won’t/would/wouldn’you,,2）带第一、三人称的祈使句,,Letmetryagain.Let’sgo.Letusgo.,,Let’snotsayanythingaboutit./Don’tlet’ssay…,,Lethimbehereby10o’clock.,,,,I、,句子种类,3、祈使句,注意：,,1、加强语气,,,Dobecarefulofmybrokenleg.,,Doletmehaveanother
9、try.,,2、,祈使句的省略式,,,A:ShallIopenthewindow,,B:Yes,please,do,./No,please,don’t,.,,A:Shallwewatchthegame,,B:Yes,,let’s,.,,4、感叹句,,由,what,或,how,引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。,I、,句子种类,Whatacutebabyitis!,,Whatfineweatherwehavetoday!,,Whatagoodtimewehadlastnight!,,Howfoolishsheis!,,How
10、clearlyyouspeak!,,Howcleveraboyheis!,,*************,,Whatadirtyroom,____________,,Whatinterestingfilms,____________,,I、,句子种类,5、,,THERE-BE,存在句,,Thereisaclockonthetable.,,OncetherelivedakingcalledLear.,,Theregoesthebell!,,Herecomethebus.Herehecomes.,,There
11、usedtobeavillageatthefootofthemountain.,,Thereiscertaintobeaheavyraintonight.,,Thereseemstobesomemisunderstanding.,,Thereisababycryinginthenextdoor.,,Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.,,,II、,句子类型（按句子结构分）,,,简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句,,二、句子类型,1、简单句,只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。
12、,AllroadsleadtoRome.,,Hegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.,,Isheasuperman,,Don’tbeshy.Haveatry.,,Themandressedinblackseemstobeaspy.,,二、句子类型,2、并列句,包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词,and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while,when;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,but
13、also,aswellas,等来连接。,Heisabasketballfan,,and,hiswifeisavolleyballfan.,,Honeyissweet,,but,thebeestings.,,Don’tbelate,,for,thereisameeting.,,Hurryup,,or,you’,ll,belate.,,Heworkshard,while,hisbrotherisalazybone.,,HewasenjoyinghisKFC,when,afriendcame.,,二、句子类型,3、复合句,复合句的
14、某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。,（1）名词性从句,,,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。,,宾语从句注意事项：,引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态,。,,主语/表语/同位从句注意事项：,引导词、语序、语态,。,,注意：1、,whether,与,if,的区别；,,2、陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。那么，一,,般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变,,来的呢？,,二、句子类型,3、复合句,,（2）定语从句=先行词+,引导词,+其它。,引导词,的选用取决于：,,1）先行词；,,2）先行词的修饰语；,,3）引导词在定语从句中的成分
16、,二、句子类型,,5、原因（,because,since,as,nowthat,that）；,,6、结果（,,sothat,so…that,such…that）；,,7、目的（,sothat,inorderthat,incase）；,,8、条件（,if,unless）；,,9、让步（,though,although,evenif,eventhough,inspiteofthefactthat,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,,,However,nomatterhow,whether）。,二、句子类型,(3)状语从句,,二、句子类型,3、复合句,,,并列复合句即并列连词连接了带从句的并列句。,Englishiswidelyusedintheworld,,but,Chinahasthelargestnumberofpeople,whospeakChinese,.,,