英语词汇和汉语一样,有很多的分类,
核心词汇
解决:solve,dealwith,copewith,handle,resolve,address,tackle
损害:damage,hurt,injure,harm,impair,undermine,jeopardize
给予:give,offer,render,impart,provide,supply,afford
培养:develop,cultivate,foster,nurture
优势:advantage,merit,virtue,benefit,upside,strength
缺陷:disadvantage,demerit,drawback,downside,weakness
使迷惑:puzzle,bewilder,perplex,baffle
重要的:key,crucial,critical,important,significant,vital,substantial,indispensable,integral,imperative,pivotal
认为:think,believe,insist,maintain,assert,conclude,deem,hold,argue,beconvincedofprotect,conserve,preserve
确保:assure,ensure,guarantee
有害的:bad,baneful,evil,harmful,destruction,detrimental
要求:request,demand,need,require
消除:eliminate,clear,remove,clearup,takeaway,smoothaway,getridof
导致:leadto,bringabout,resultin,cause,sparkoff,conduceto,induce,generate,provoke,evoke,trigger,stimulate
宣称:allege,assert,declare,claim
发生:happen,occur,takeplace
发展:development,advance,progress
有益的:useful,helpful,beneficial,profitable,rewarding,advantageous
影响:influence,impact,effect
明显的:clear,obvious,evident,self-evident,manifest,apparent,crystal-clear,transparent,palpable
事实上:practically,inpractice,essentially,inessence,inreality,ineffect,infact,asamatteroffact,itisafactthat
换言之:namely,thatistosay,inotherwords,toputitlikethis,toputitdifferently,toputitfromanotherway,toputitfromanotherangle
高频动词
1、认为/宣称:believe/insist/maintain/hold/argue/assert/declare/claim/
*allege/reckon/contend
2、反对:disagree/argueagainst/object/oppose/contradict/
*dispute/quarrel/refute
3、同意:agree/infavorof/
*consent/comply/concur
4、导致:cause/resultin/leadto/contributeto/
*bringabout/giveriseto
5、影响:Influence/impact/affect
*haveinflunenceon/makeadifference
6、解决:solve/workout/
*tackle/resolve/address
7、处理:dealwith/copewith/handle
8、从事:carryout/beengagedin/occupyin/
*undertake/embarkon/devoteoneselfto
9、需要:require/callfor/demand/request
*necessitate/yearnfor/hungerfor/desperatefor
10、增进/提高/促进/增强:improve/enhance/boost/promote/advance
*strengthen/optimize/augment
11、培养:develop/cultivate/
*foster/nurture
12、确保:assure/ensure/guarantee/promise/
*pledge
13、减轻(消除):relieve/lighten/takeaway/eliminate/
*clearup/smoothaway/alleviate
14、相联系:connectwith/relateto/
*contactwith/linkto/associatewith
15、依赖于:dependon/relyon/reston/
*counton/leanon/reckonon/bankon
16、忽视:ignore/overlook/neglect/passover/
*turnablindeyeto/disregard
17、改变:change/vary/alter/transform/convert/
*modify/shift/reorganize
18、认出(辨别):recognize/tellfrom/distinguish/
*spot/pinpoint/differentiate
19、伤害:damage/destroy/weaken/
*devastate/impair/ruin/spoil
20、意识到:beawareof/realize/recognize/
*beapprehensiveof
21、激发(唤起):encourage/motivate/stimulate/
*spur/trigger/intrigue/provoke/evoke
22、完成:complete/finish/
*fulfill/achieve/accomplish/realize
23、保留(保护资源):keep/hold/preserve/conserve/
*retain/reserve/safeguard
24、组成/占据:comprise/compose/consistof/bemadeup/occupy/takeup/
*accountfor/constitute
1、名词(noun,缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称,如pen(钢笔),English(英语),life(生活)。
2、代词(pronoun,缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词,如we(我们),his(他的),all(全部)。
3、形容词(adjective,缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词,如honest(诚实的),difficult(困难的)。
4、数词(numeral,缩写为num.)是表示“多少”和“第几”的词,如four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第一),eighth(十八),hundred(一百)。
5、动词(verb,缩写为v)表示动作和状态,如write(写),walk(行走),think(想)。
6、副词(adverb,缩写为。adv.)是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词,如quickly(快),often(经常),very(很)。
7、冠词(article,缩写为art.)说明名词所指的人或物的词,如a,an(一个),the(这,那)。
8、介词(preposition,缩写为prep.)表示名词(或代词)与句子里其它词的关系,如from(从),in(在…内),between(在…之间)。
9、连词(conjunction,缩写为conj.)是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词,如and(和),because(因为),if(假如)。
10、感叹词(interjection,缩写为int.)表示感情,如。oh(噢),aha(啊哈),hush(嘘)。
注一:属于前六类(名、代、形、数、动、副等词)的词都有实义,叫做实词(notionalword)。属于后四类(冠、介、连、感等词)的词没有实义,叫做虚词(formword)。
注二:不少词可以属于几个词类,如work(工作;动词和名词),fast(快;形容词和副词),since(自从;连词和介词)等。
延伸阅读:形容词的分类
1、单词形容词(one-wordadjective)
a.一般形容词,如:
bigsmallbadgood
b.加前后缀构成,如:
unkindimpossiblelovelyvoiceless
c.加ing/ed构成,如:
boringintrestingexcitingsatisfying
boredintrestedexcitedsatisfied
注意:-ing和-ed转化来的形容词的区别:-ing转化来的形容词通常带有主动意义,-ed转化来的形容词通常带有被动意义,如:
A:ChinaisadevelopingcountryinAisa,butJapanisadevelopedcountryinAisa.
B:Lastweek,MybrotherandIwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.butmybrotherwasnotintrestedinitatall.
2、复合形容词(compoundadjective)
bitter-sweetdeaf-mute
good-lookinghard-working
hand-madeabsent-minded
一、taste味道
tasty美味的
delicious味道好的
sweet甜的`
sour酸的
bitter苦的
hot辣的
salty咸的
spiced加香料的
fragrant香的
seasoned加作料的
tasteless无味的
flat淡而无味的(如走了气的啤酒)
greasy油腻的
bland清淡的
light清淡的
二、restaurant餐厅
cafetetia自助餐厅
snack-bar快餐部,小吃店
ready-to-eatsection快餐部
dining-room餐室
cafe〔美〕咖啡室,酒馆〔英〕咖啡馆
banquethall宴会厅
breakfast早餐
lunch午餐
luncheon午餐,午餐会,午宴,工作午餐
supper晚餐
snack快餐
afternoontea下午茶点
refreshments茶点
teaparty茶会
informaldinner便宴
buffet(车站,火车内的)餐室,快餐柜头,小吃店
cooktailparty鸡尾酒会
banquet宴会
meal一顿饭
三蔬菜
tomato番茄,西红柿
asparagus芦笋
cucumber黄瓜
aubergine,eggplant茄子
bean菜豆
beet,beetroot甜菜
pepper胡椒
pimiento甜椒
potato马铃薯
carrot胡萝卜
cauliflower菜花,花椰菜
pumpkin西葫芦
broadbean蚕豆
cabbage圆白菜,卷心菜
chilli辣椒
garlic蒜
chive葱
melon香瓜,甜瓜
mushroom,celery芹菜
onion韭
leek韭菜
radish萝卜
mushroom蘑菇
laurel月桂
lettuce莴苣
parsley欧芹
pea豌豆
代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、不定式、动词的-ing形式、从句或句子的词。在英语中代词用得极为广泛。正确地运用代词可以使句子简洁、明快,但如果使用不得当也容易产生意义理解上的偏差。英语中的代词分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词和连接代词。
人称代词
1、人称代词概述
人称代词是表示“我(们)”、“你(们)”、“他(们)”、“它(们)”的词。人称代词不仅指人,也可指物,有人称、数和格的变化。人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格形式在句中作主语、表语等成分;宾格形式在句中作动词宾语、介词宾语、同位语等,有时也作表语。
(1)单数:
①主格:
第一人称(I)
第二人称(you)
第三人称(he,she,it)
②宾格:
第一人称(me)
第三人称(him,her,it)
(2)复数:
①主格:
第一人称(we)
第三人称(they)
第一人称(us)
第三人称(them)
我选择了玛丽,可她不愿和我一起去。
Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.(it在句中作主语。)
我喜欢游泳,它可以使我保持健康。
—Whotookawayallthebookshere
—谁把这里的书都拿走了?
—是我。
We,usthreewillbeabletofulfilthetask.(us作we的同位语)
我们,就我们三人能出色完成这项任务。
Mebelieveyou!(宾格形式在口语中表示强调时,偶尔也可作主语。)
我相信你!
高频名词
1、个人:individuals/people/folks/persons/
*characters/citizens/dwellers
2、老年人:oldpeople/theold/theelderly/theaged/
*advancingyears/seniorcitizens
3、孩子/青少年:children/kid/teenager/youngster/youths/
*adolescents/juvenile
4、影响:impact/influence/effect
5、好处:advantages/strengths/merits/
*theupside/boons/thestrongpoints
6、坏处:disadvantages/weaknesses/demerits/
*thedownside/banes/theweakpoints/drawbacks/flaw
7、原因:reason/factor/cause
*whys/causation
8、发展:development/progress/growth/
*advancement/evolution/innovation/prosperity/blossom
9、能力:ability/power/skill
*capacity/competence/talent
10、多样性:diversity/difference/variety/
*range/variation/multiform
11、职业:job/career/employment/vocation/position/
*profession/occupation
12、压力:stress/burden/pressure/
*tension/strain/stresses/strains
13、娱乐:enjoyment/entertainment/amusement/
*pastimes/recreation
14、老师:teachers/educators/lecturers/tutor
*instructors
15、教育:education/schooling/
*familyparenting/upbringing
16、环境:environment/circumstance/
*surroundings/atmosphere/ambience
17、社会(公众):society/public/generalpublic
*community/themasses
高频形容词
1、重要的:important/significant/vital/key/pivotal/
*critical/crucial/indispensable/imperative/salient/paramount
2、积极的/好的:beneficial/positive/
*favorable/profitable/rewarding/aspiring/advantageous
3、消极的/坏的:harmful/negative/damaging/detrimental/
*destructive/devastating
4、常见的/普遍的:usual/common/regular/
*widespread/habitual/typical/universal/prevalent
5、充足的/丰富的:adequate/abundant/sufficient/
*ample/affluent/luxurious/lavish
6、流行的:popular/fashionable/prevailing/
*prevalent/pervasive
7、明显的:obvious/apparent/remarkable/
*manifest/crystal-clear/conspicuous
8、现代的:modern/current/present/
*up-to-date/contemporary/updated
9、相似的:similar/alike/
*resembling
10、健康的:healthy/fit
*robust/sound/wholesome
11、有活力的:energetic/vigorous/
*dynamic/animated
高频副词
1、急剧地:dramatically/sharply/hugely/markedly/
*drastically/enormously/substantially/significantly/considerably
2、平稳地:steadily/smoothly/
*marginally/gradually/moderately/mildly
3、大约:about/almost/nearly/
*roughly/approximately
4、毫无疑问地:doubtlessly/undoubtedly
*unquestionably/beyondanyshadowofthedoubt
高频短语
1、大量的:ahostof/avastnumberof/avastamountof/agreatdealof/
*anarrayof/anarmyof/anoceanof/aseaof/amultitudeof/ahostof/many...,ifnotmost(manyindividuals,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat...)
2、(在)当代:atpresent/incontemporarysociety/inthisdayandage/
*inpresent-daysociety/inmodernage
3、事实上:actually/infact/inpractice/asamatteroffact/
*virtually/inessence/inreality
4、换言之:thatistosay/inotherwords/toputitdifferently/