只有代词“其”才是最合适的。
三种翻译方法：1．译成汉语代词(a)Withoutpriorwrittenapproval,noPartyshallassignanyandallofitsrightsandinterestsanddelegateits
responsibilitiesunderthisAgreementtoanythirdparty.未经事先允许，任何一方不得将其在本协议项下的任何和全部权利和权益让与及将其在本协议项下的责任委托给第三方。
2．译成所代替的名词(a)ThisContractisexecutedinChinese.Ifnecessary,itmaybetranslatedintootherlanguages.本合同以中文文本签署。如有必要，本合同可译成其他文字。
(b)ThisAgreementconstituestheentireagreeementbetweenthepartieswithrespecttoitssubjectmatter,andnovariationof
thisAgreementshallbedffectiveunlessmadeinwritingandsignedbyalloftheparties.本协议构成双方关于本协议标的的完整协议，对本协议的任何修改，只有通过书面形式并经双方签字后方能生效。
3．省略不译(a)TheformationofthisContract,itsvalidity,interpretation,executionandsettlementofdisputesinconnectionherewith
shallbegovernedbythelawsofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.本合同的订立，效力，解释，执行和合同争议的解决，均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。
(b)AcertificateissuedbytheChamberofCommerceorotherappropriateauthoritywheresuchcircumstancesoccurshallbe
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Assignment/transfer转让1.NeitherPartymayassignthisAgreement,inwholeorinpart,withouttheotherParty’spriorwrittenconsent,exceptto(i)
anycorporationresultingfromanymerger,consolidationorotherreorganizationinvilvingtheassigningParty,and(ii)any
entitytowhichtheassigningPartymaytransferallorsubstantiallyallofitsassets;providedthattheassigneeagreesin
writingtobeboundbyallthetermsandconditionsoftheAgreementandprovidesdocumentationasevidencethattheassigneehas
theabilityandcapabilityofmeetingalloftheobligationsunderthisAgreement.任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意，不得转让本协议的全部或部分，除非转让给（i）涉及转让方的因兼并，合并或其他重组而产生的任何公司，
（ii）转让方可以向其转让全部或绝大部分资产的实体；但受让方须书面同意受本协议所有条款和条件约束，并提供文件证明受让方有资格、有能
力履行本协议项下的全部义务。
2.Withoutpriorwrittenapproval,noPartyshallassignanyandallofitrightsandinterestsanddelegateitsresponsibilities
underthisAgreementtoanythirdparty.However,PartyBshallhavetherighttoassignitsrightsandinterestsanddelegates
itsresponsibilitieshereundertoanaffiliate;providedthatPartBshallcontinuetowarrantthatsuchaffiliatewillcomplete
thepurchaseoftheequityinterestinthemannercontemplatedbythisAgreement.任何一方未经事先书面批准，不得将其在本协议项下的任何和全部权利和权益让与及将其在本协议项下的责任委托给任何第三方。但乙方有权将其
在本协议项下的权利和权益让与及将其在本协议项下的责任委托给一家关联公司，但是乙方应继续保证该关联公司将以本协议拟定的方式完成对股
权的购买。
3.NeitherPartyheretoshallassignthisAgreementoranyofitsrightsandinterestsherunderwithouttheotherParty’sprior
writtenconsent,whichshallnotbeunreasonablywithheld.NotwithstandingtheaboveprovisionofthisClause,(a)PartyAshall
havetherighttoassignitsrightstoanysubsidiary,affiliateorsuccessorentityaslongasPartyAremainsliabletoperform
allofitsobligationsunderthisAgreementasapplicable,and(b)PartyBmay,withouttheconsentofPartyA,assigninwhole,
butnotinpart,itsrightsherundertoanysubsidiary,affiliateorsuccessorentityofPartyBoritsultimateparentcompany
(providedthatanysuchassignmenttoanysuchsubsidiaryshalnotbedeemedasareleaseofPartyB’sobligationshereunder
unlessPartyAshallhavegivenpriorwrittenconsenttoanysuchreleaseandPartyBshallremainliabletoPartyAinrespectof
anybreachofthisClause.)AnyattemptedassignmentincontraventionofthisClauseshallbevoid.本协议任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意（该另一方不得无理拒绝同意），不得转让本协议或其在本协议项下的任何权利和权益。尽管本条有上述规
定，但(a)甲方有权将其权利让与任何子公司、关联公司或继承实体，只要在适用情况下，加方仍有责任履行其在本协议项下的全部义务，(b)乙方
可以无须经加方同意，将其在本协议项下的全部（而不是部分）权力让与乙方的任何子公司、关联公司或继承实体或其最终的母公司（但是像任何
该等子公司进行转让，不应被视为解除一方在本协议项下的义务，除非甲方已事先书面同意予以解除，且乙方若违反本条规定仍需对甲方负有责任
）。任何试图违反本条规定进行的转让均为无效。Hereto,hereunder中的here系指thisAgreement,hereto=tothisAgreement,hereunder=underthisAgreementShall用在法律文件中，表示法律规定的义务，legalobligation翻译成“应”Should表示道义上的义务，moralobligation翻译成“应该”，“应当”Notwithstanding尽管，正式用语Such是典型的法律用语，用以指前面提及的人或事，一般译为“该（等）”，有时视上下文也可译作“上述”、“前述”。
4.TransferofRegisteredCapital注册资本的转让(a)EitherPartymaytransferallorpartofitsregisteredcapitalcontributiontotheCompanytoanythirdparty,providedthat
itfirstobtainstheunanimousapprovaloftheBoardandtheapprovaloftheApprovalAuthorityandcomplieswiththeprovisions
ofthisArticle.任何一方均可将其在公司注册资本中的全部和部分出资转让给第三方，但该等转让首先须经董事会一致通过及审批及格的批转，并符合本条的规定。Registeredcapitalcontribution=contributiontotheregisteredcapital在注册资本中的出资额Board=theboardofdirectors董事会ApprovalAuthority=theexaminationandapprovalauthority审批机构
(b)WhenaParty(the“DisposingParty”)wishestotransferallorpartofitsregisteredcapitalcontributiontoathird
party,itshallprovideawrittennotice(the“Notice”)totheotherParty(the“Non-disposingParty”).TheNoticeshall
statethattheDisposingPartywishestomakethetransferandshallspecifytheinterestitwishestotransfer,thetermsand
conditionsofthetransfer,andtheidentityoftheproposedtransferee.(the“Transferee”).一方（“转让方”）欲将其全部或部分注册资本出资额转让给第三方时，应向另一方（“非转让方”）提供书面通知（“通知”）。通知应表明转
让方欲转让其出资，明确欲转让的股权、转让的条款和条件及受让人（“受让人”）的身份。
在合同中，放在括号里首字母大写的词，是为了后文叙述简便，指称明确而对其前面的对象所作的定义，只不过是省略了“hereinafterreferred
toas”（以下简称）一语而已。
(c)TheNon-DisposingPartyshallhaveapreemptiverighttopurchasethewholeofsuchinterest(i)ontermsandconditionsno
lessfavorablethanthosespecifiedintheNoticeor(ii)atafairmarketvalueappraisedassetforthinparagraph(e).Ifthe
Non-DisposingPartyelectstoexerciseitspreemptiveright,itshallnotifytheDisposingPartyinwriting(the“Acceptance
Notice”)withinthirty(30)daysofotheactualdeliveryoftheNoticetotheNon-DisposingPartythatitintendstopurchasethe
wholeoftheinteresttobetransferred.非转让方有优先权，（i）按不逊于通知规定的条款和条件，或（ii）按（e）规定，以经评估的公平市价购买全部该等股权。如果非转让方决定行
使优先权，应在转让方向非转让方实际送通知后三十（30）天内，以书面形式通知转让方（“接受通知”），表明其有意购买拟转让的全部股权。
在合同中，凡是表示数目的词（包括金额和天数），除了写出英语外，习惯上还要附以加括号的与之相应的阿拉伯数字。翻译的时候也照此处理。
(d)
IftheNon-DisposingPartyfailstorespondinwritingtotheNoticewithinsuchthirty(30)-dayperiod,theNon-DisposingParty
shallbedeemedtohaveconsentedtothetransfer.IftheNon-DisposingPartyconsents,theDisposingPartymaytransfersuch
interesttotheTransferee,onthetermsandconditionssetforthintheNotice,butnototherwise,providedthatsuchtransfer
takesplacewithinsix(6)monthsafterthedeliveryoftheNoticeandthattheTransfereeagreesinwritingtobecomesubjectto
andtocomplywiththetermsandconditionsofthisContractandtheArticlesofAssociation.TheDisposingPartyshallprovide
theNon-DisposingPartywithaduplicateofitsexecutedtransferagreementwiththeTransfereewithinfourteen(14)daysafter
theagreementisexecuted.如果在上述三十（30）天内非转让方未能作出书面回应，即被视为业已同意转让。如果非转让方同意、或被视为同意转让，转让防止可按通知规定
的（而不是其他的）条款和条件，将该等股权向受让人转让，当转让人须在通知发出后六（6）个月内进行，且受让人须书面同意服从和遵守本合体
和章程的条款和条件。转让方应在与受让人签署转让协议后十四（14）天内，向非转让方提供经其签署的转让协议副本。
(e)IftheNon-DisposingPartyelectstopurchsastheinteresttobetransferredatfairmarketvalue,theNon-DisposingParty
shallstateintheAcceptanceNoticethatitsoelects,andshallincludeintheAcceptanceNoticealistofatleasttwo(2)
internationallyreconginzedaccountingfirmswithexperienceinconductingvaluationsinChina.TheDisposingPartyshall,within
thirty(30)daysafterreceivingtheAcceptanceNotice,bynoticeinwritingdeliveredtotheNon-DisposingPartytovaluethe
interesttobetransferred.TheNon-DisposingPartyshallarrangethevaluation,whichshallbecompletedwithinthree(3)months
afterthedeliveryoftheAcceptanceNotice.如果非转让方决定以公平的市价购买拟转让的股权，应在接受通知中表明其此等意向，并在其中列出至少两（2）家在中国进行评估方面具有经验的
国际知名会计事务所名单。转让方应在收到接受通知后三十(30)天内，向转让方送交书面通知，提名非转让方提供的两家会计事务所之一对拟转让
的股权进行评估。非转让方应对评估做出安排，评估应在送交接受通知后三（3）个月内完成。
Elect=chooseordecidetodosomething做不及物动词，正式词，译成“决定”。
1．TherightsandobligationsoftheJVCunderthisAgreementmaynotbeassignedorsub-contractedinwholeorinpartwithout
thepriorwritttenconsentofPartyA.未经甲方的书面同意，合资公司在本协议下的权利和义务不得全部或者部分转让或分包。2．ShouldonePartyassignallorpartofitsregisteredcapital,priorwrittenconsentshallbesbtainedfromtheotherParty.
Inaddition,theortherPartyshallhaveapreemptiverightonthesametermsandconditionstotoextentpermitedbylaw.如果一方要转让全部或者部分其注册资金，应事先获得另一方的书面同意。此外，该另一方应在法律许可的范围内的同等条款和条件下享有优先购买
权。
Notwithstandingtheforegoing,aPartyherebywaivesitspreemptiverightinthecaseofanyasignmentofallorpartoftheother
Party’sregisteredcapitaltoanaffiliateoftheotherParty.EachofthePartiesfurtheragreestocausethedirector(s)ithas
appointedtotheBoardofDirectorstovoteinfavorofanysuchproposedassignment.If,asaresultofitscorporate
restructuring,PartyAtransfersitsequityinterestintheCJVtooneofitsnewly-foundedaffiliates(“PartyAAffiliate”),
PartyAshallprovidePartyBwithawrittenassuranceguaranteeingtheperformanceoftheobligationsunderthisContractby
PartyAAffiliate.尽管有上述规定，如果一方将其全部或部分注册资本转让给一家关联公司，另一方则在此放弃其优先购买权。各方进一步同意促使其向董事会委派的
董事投票赞成该等拟议的转让。如果由于甲方进行公司重组而将其在合作经营企业中的股权转让给其新成立的关联公司之一（“甲方关联公司”）
，则甲方应向乙方提供书面保证，确保甲方关联公司履行本合同项下的义务。
3．IfaParty(“IntendingTransferor”)intendstosellorotherwisetransfer(collectivelyreferredtointhisClauseas
“Transfer”)allorpartofitsequityinterestintheJVCompany(collectivelyreferredtointhieClauseas“Transferred
EquityInterest”),itshallfirstsendawrittennotice(“TransferNotice”)totheothertwoParties,statingitsintentionto
makethetransfer,thequantityoftheTransferredEquityInterest,theconditionsforpurchasethereofandtheidentityofthe
proposedtranferee.TheothertwoPartiesshallhavethepreemptiverighttopurchasetheTransferredEquityInterest.Ifthe
othertwoPartiesexercisestheirpreemptiverighttopurchaseall(butnotpart)oftheTransferredEquityInterest,theyshall,
withinninety(90)daysofreceiptoftheTransferNotice,purchasetheTransferredEquityInterestatapriceequaltothe
sellingpricesetoutintheTransferNotice.IftheothertwoPartiesfailtoexercisesuchpreemptiverighttopuchaseorpay
the(90)-dayperiod,theyshallbedeemedtohavegiventheirpriorwrittenconsenttotheproposedtransfer.WhentheIntending
TransferortransferstheTransferredEquityInterest,theactualconditionsforsuchtransfermaynotbemorefavorablethanthe
conditionsforpurchasesetoutintheTransferNotice.WheretheIntendingTransferoriseitherPartyBorPartyC,andPartyA
cannotincreaseitsEquityRationintheregisteredcapitaloftheJVCompanyduetotherestrictionimposedbyChineselaw,then
PartyAshallhavetherighttoassignitspreemptiverightofpurchasetoathirdpartyapprovedbyPartyA.若一方（“拟转让方”）意欲出售或以其他方式转让（在本条中统称“转让”）其在合资公司的全部或部分股权（在本条中统称“转让股权”）时，
首先应向另外两方发出书面通知（“转让通知”），表明其转让意向、转让股权的数量、购买条件以及拟议的受让人身份。另外两方享有购买转让
股权的优先权。若另外两方行使其优先权购买全部（但不是部分）转让股权，则应在收到转让通知后的九十（90）天内意向等已转让通知内列明的
出售价的价款购买转让股权。若另外两方在九十（90）天期限内未行使其优先购买权或未向拟转让人支付出售价款，则应被视为已就该项拟议中的
转让给予事前书面同意。拟转让方转让转让股权时，实际转让条件不得比转让通知内所在的购买条件优惠。若拟转让方式乙方或丙方，而甲方因受
中国法律限制不能增加其在合资公司注册资本中的股份比例，在甲方有权将其优先购买权让与其认可的第三方。
Part2词语的翻译(一)1.一词多义goodagoodcontract有效合同goodwill公司或企业的“商誉”(a)Neglectofdutyisgoodcauseforremovalofatrustee.理事玩忽职守，理应解除其职务。Goodcause表示alegallysufficientreason法律上有充分理由。(b)ThevendorshallprocurethatthePurchaseracquiresgoodtitletotheSharesfreefromallcharges,liens,encumbrances,
quitiesandclaimswhatsoever.卖方应保证买方获得不容置疑的股份所有权，且该等股份不带任何押记、留置、负担、权益和主张。Goodtitle=titlethatislegallyvalidandeffective法律上有效的所有权，也可译成无可争辩的所有权。(c)NowTherefore,inconsiderationofthepremises,andtherepresentations,warranties,covenants,andundertakingsofthe
partieshereinaftersetforth,andforothergoodandvaluableconsideration,thepartiesagreeamongthemselvesasfollows.鉴于上述事实和各方在下文所作的陈述、保证、立约和承诺，及其他有效的有价约因，现各方达成协议如下。Goodconsideration=considerationthatisvalidunderthelaw法律上有效的约因或对价(d)PartyAisacompanydulyorganized,validlyexistingandisgoodstandingasalegalpersonunderthelawsofthePRC.甲方是根据中华人民共和国的法律正式成立，有效存续和资格完备的法人公司。Ingoodstanding表示是符合法律法规要求的，是有资格的。(e)IfanytermorprovisionofthisAgreementshallbecomeorbedeclaredillegal,invalidorunenforceableforanyreason
whatsoever,suchtermorprovisionshallbeseveredfromthisAgreementandshallbedeemedtobedeletedfromthisAgreement;
providedthatifsuchdeletionmateriallyaffectsoraltersthebasisofthisAgreement,thepartiesshallnegotiateingoodfaith
toamendandmodifytheprovisionsandtermsofthisAgreementasmaybenecesaaryordesirableinthecircumstances.如果因任何原因本协议的任一条款或规定变为或被宣布为不合法、无效或不可执行，该条款或规定须与本协议分离，且被视为从本协议中删除。但如
果删除该条条款或规定会实质性影响或改变本协议的基础，双方应以诚信的态度进行谈判，以期在必要或可取的情况下队本协议的规定和条款进行
修改和变更。Goodfatith=honesty,fairnessandlawfulnessofpurpose诚信
2.一词多译(a)TheAmendmentsincludeprovisionsforfreedomofspeech,ofthepressandofworship;therightofcitizenstomeet
peacefully;therighttobesecureinone’sownhomeagainstunreasonablesearchesandseizureofpersonsorproperty;andthe
rightofanypersonchargedwithbreakingthelawtohaveaspeedytrialbyajuryoffellowcitizens.修正案条款中规定言论、新闻和信仰自由，公民有和平集会的权利，又在自己家里享有安全、人身不受无理搜查和逮捕，财产不受无理查抄的权利，
以及任何人被指控犯罪时享有公民陪审团及时审理的权利。
(b)NoneofthePartiesshallbeentitledtomakeorpermitorauthorizethemakingofanypressreleaseofotherpublicstatement
ordisclosureconcerningthisAgreementoranyofthetransactionscontemplatedinit,withoutthepriorwrittenconsentofthe
他人进行此等发布或披露，法律或其他主管部门要求的除外。
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claimdamagesforthebreachofcontract.IfPartyBmateriallybreachesthisContract,PartyAisentitledtorequestPartyB,by
issuingawrittennotice,toredressthebreachwithinfifteen(15)daysuponreceivingsuchnotice.IfPartyBfailstoredress
thebreachwithinthefifteen(15)-dayperiod,PartyAisentitledtorescindtheContractandclaimdamagesforthebreachof
contract.如果甲方实质性违反合同，乙方或其权益承继人有权中止本合同或要求得到损害赔偿。如果乙方实质性违反本合同，甲方经发出书面通知，有权要求
乙方在收到书面通知后十五（15）天内改正违约行为。如果乙方在十五（15）天期限内未予改正，加方则有权解除合同并要求得到违约赔偿。
2．IfaPartymateriallyfailstoperformanyofitsobligationsunderthisContractorifaParty’srepresentationorwarranty
underthisContractismateriallyuntrueorinaccurate,suchPartyshallbedeemedtohavebreachesthisContract.ThePartyin
breachshallhavethiry(30)daysfromreceiptofanoticeformtheotherPartyspecifyingthebreachtocorrectsuchbreachifit
isremediable.ThePartyinbreachshallinanycasebeliabletotheotherPartyforalldamagescausedbythebreach.Liability
forsuchdamagesshallnotbewaivedintheeventthenon-breachingPartyterminatesthisContractunderAticleX.Allremedies
providdedforhereinandunderlawshallbecumulative.如果一方实质上未履行其在本合同项下的任何义务，或一方在本合同项下的陈述或保证实质上是不真实的或不准确的，该方应被视为违反了合同。违
约方应在收到另一方指明其违约行为的通知后三十（30）日内，纠正其违约行为（若该违约行为是可以纠正的）。无论如何，违约方有责任赔偿另
一方因该等违约而造成的一切损害。如果守约方根据X条中止本合同，违约方仍应给予损害赔偿。本合同规定的及法律规定的一切救济应当是累积的
。
3．TheLicenseeshallpromptlynotifytheLicensor,inwriting,ofanyactsofinfringementorsuspectedinfringementoractsof
unfaircompetitioninvolvingtheTrademarksandofanyapplicationsorregistrationsofconfusinglysimilarmarkswhichmaycome
toitsattention,TheLicenseeshallnotbeentitledtotakeanyproceedingsorcallontheLicensortotakeanyproceedingsin
anyoftheaforsaidmatters;provided,however,thattheLicensormay,atitsowndicretionandcost,prosecuteorotherwisestop
orpreventsuchacutalorthreatenedinfringementinthenameofboththeLicensorandtheLicenseeoreitherofthem,andineach
casetheLicenseeshallrenderallreasonableassistancerequiredbytheLicensor.一旦被许可方获悉设计商标的侵权行为或涉嫌的侵权行为，或涉及商标的不正当竞争行为，以及引起混淆的类似商标的应用和注册，被许可方应立即
书面通知许可方。被许可方无权就上述任何行为起书或要求许可方起诉，但许可方可自行决定并自付费用，以许可方和被许可方双方名义或任一方
名义，对实际发生或似将发生的商标侵权行为提起诉讼，或以其他方式阻止或防止该等行为侵权行为。无论许可方采取前述何种行动，被许可方均
应提供许可方所要求的一切合理协助。
4．Infringementandlegalproceedings(a)TheLicenseeshallgivetheLicensorinwritingfullparticularsofanyuseorproposedusebyanyotherperson,firmor
companyofatradename,trademarkorget-upofgoodsormeansofpromotionoradvertisingwhichamountstoorislikelytoamount
toinfrinementoftherightsoftheLicensorinrelationtotheLicensedTrademarksorcontraventionoftheAnti-unfair
商标的权利或违反反不正当竞争法，应立即以书面形式将详细情况告知许可方。
(b)IftheLicenseebecomesawarethatanyotherperson,firmorcompanyallegesthatanyoftheLicensedTrademarksisinvaildor
thatuseoftheLicensedTrademarksanyrightsofanotherparty,theLicenseeshallimmediatelygivetheLicensorinwritingfull
particularsthereofandmaymakenodisclosureofinformationoradmissiontoanythirdpartyinrespectthereof.如果被许可方获悉任何其他人，商行或公司宣称受可商标是无效的或受许可商标的使用侵犯了他方权利，应立即以书面形式将详细情况告知许可方，
并不得向任何第三方披露有关此方面的信息或对此作出承认。
(c)TheLicensorconductalllegalproceedingsinrespectofanyinfringementorallegedinfringementoftheLicensedTrademarks
andanyclaimorcounterclaimbroughtorthreatenedtobebroughtinconnectionwiththeuseorregistrationoftheLicensed
Trademarksandshallinitsabsolutediscretiondecidewhattodo.TheLicensorshallnotbeobligedtobringordefendany
proceedingsinrelationtotheLicensedTrademarksiftheLicenseedecidesinitssolediscretiontodoso.对于受许可商标所受到的侵权或侵权指控，以及就受许可商标的使用或注册提出或拟将提出的索赔或反索赔，许可方应进行一切法律诉讼，并完全由
其决定采取何种行动。如果被许可方自行决定就受许可商标提起诉讼或进行抗辩，许可方无义务九次提起诉讼或进行抗辩。
(d)TheLicenseewill,attherequestoftheLicensorandattheLicensor’sexpense,givefullcoorperationtotheLicensorin
anyactionorclaimbroughtorthreatenedtobebroughtinrespectoftheLicensedTrademarks,includingjoininginasapartyto
anyproceedings.对于就受许可商标提起或拟将提起的诉讼或索赔，应许可方要求并由许可方支付费用，被许可方将给予许可方充分合作，包括作为当事人参与任何诉
讼。
补充翻译练习1．IfanypartyfailstoperformanyofitsobigationsinanymaterialrespectunderthisAgreementorbreachesanyoftheterms
orWarrantiessetoutinthisAgreementinanymaterialrespect,thenwithoutprejudicetoallandanyotherrightsandremedies
availableatanytimetoanon-defaultingparty(includingbutnotlimitedtotherighttodamagesforanylosssufferedbythat
party),thenon-defaultingpartymay,bynoticeeitherrequirethedefaultingpartytoperformsuchobligationsorremedysuch
breach,ortreatthedefaultingpartyashavingrepudiatedthisAgreementandrescindthesame.Therightsconferreduponthe
respectivepartiesbytheprovisionsoftheClauseareadditionaltoanddonotprejudiceanyotherrightstherespectiveparties
mayhave.如果任何一方未在实质性方面履行其在本协议项下的任何义务，或实质性违反本协议规定的人以条款或保证，在不损害非违约方任何时候可享有的一
切和任何其他权利和补偿（包括但不限于要求赔偿损失的权利）的情况下，非违约方可经通知要求违约方履行其义务或纠正违约行为，或视违约方
已否认协议有效而取消本协议。本款规定赋予各方的权利，是对各方可能享有的其他权利的补充，而不是损害。
2．IntheeventthatLicensororLicenseebecomesawareofanactualorthreatenedinfringementofaPatentanywhereinthe
Territory,thatpartyshallpromptlynotifytheotherpartyinwriting.Licensorshallhavetherightbutnottheobligationto
bring,atitsownexpense,aninfringementactionagainstanythirdpartyanduseLicensee’snameinconnectiontherewithandto
nameLicenseeasapartythereto.如果许可方或被许可方得知区域内任何地方实际发生或似将发生的专利侵权行为，该方应立即书面通知另一方。许可方有权利但无义务真独任何第三
方提起侵权诉讼，并在诉讼中使用被许可方的名称，以及制定被许可方为诉讼的当事人，诉讼费由许可方负担。
3．IntheeventoftheinstitutionofanysuitbyathirdpartyagainstLicensor,Licenseeoritssub-licenseesordistributors
fropatentinfringementinvolvingthemanufacture,use,sale,distributionormarketingoftheProductanywhereinitheTerritory,
thepartysuedshallpromptlynotifytheotherpartyinwriting.Licensorshalhavetherightbutnottheobligationtodefend
suchsuitatitsownexpense.LicensorandLisenseeshallassisteachotherandco-operateinanysuchlitigationattheother’s
requestwithoutexpensetotherequestingparty.如果有第三方在区域内任何地方就涉及产品的制造、使用、销售、分销或营销，对许可方、被许可方、或被许可方的分被许可方或分销商提起专利侵
权诉讼，被诉方应立即书面通知另一方。许可方有权但无义务对该等诉讼进行抗辩，备用由许可房子里。在任何该等诉讼中，许可方或被许可方中
的一方应另一方请求，应向请求方提供协助并与请求方合作，但不得向其收取费用。
Part3
词语的翻译（二）1．复叠词的翻译法律英语在用词方面的特点之一，是常常讲两个同义词或近义词复叠在一起使用，形成相对固定或稳定的词组，或是为了加强语势，或是为了措辞严
谨。在翻译时，大体上有下列两种方法：（1）两个复叠的词意义相同或大体相同，一般只需译成一个汉语词：(a)Thecontractwasdeclarednullandvoidbythecompetentauthority.主管部门宣布该合同无效。(b)IfanyoneormoreoftheprovisionscontainedinthisAgreementshallbeinvaild,illegal,orunenforceableinanyrespect
underanyapplicablelaw,thevalidity,legalityandenforceabilityoftheremainingprovisionscontainedhereinshallnotinany
waybeaffectedorimpairedandshallremaininfullforceandeffect.如果本协议的某条或数条条款，根据任何适用法律在任何方面是无
效的、不合法的、或不能强制执行的，则本协议的其他条款的效力、合法性和可执行性不受任何影响或损害，并依然完全有效。(c)DuringthetermofthisAgreement,PartyAshallundertake,renewandmaintainforitsbenefitandinterest,andatitsown
costandexpense,thefollowingprimaryinsurancepolicies.在本协议期间，甲方应为自身利益自费购买、续买和保持下列主要保险。(d)PartyAfurtherrepresentsandwarrantsthattheLandisfreeandclearofanyandallclaims,charges,easement,
encumbranches,lease,convenants,securityinterest,liens,option,pledge,rightsofothers,orrestrictions.甲方进一步陈述和保
证，该土地不存在任何权利主张、抵押、地役权、权利负担、租约、契约、担保权益、留置权、购买权、质押、他人权利或限制。(e)IntheeventthatanyoftheconditionsreferredtoinClauseXisnotfulfilledonorbeforetheCut-offDate,thenthe
PuchasermaybynoticetotheVendorterminatethisAgreementwhereuponallobligationsandliabilitiesofthepartieshereunder
shallceaseanddetermine.如果在截止日期或之前，X款提到的任何条件未得到满足，买方则可以经通知卖方终止本协议。协议一旦终止，各方在
本协议项下的所有义务和责任即刻终止。
（2）两个复叠的词意义相近，可用两个汉语近义词来翻译，以充分体现原文的意旨：(a)TheCompanyshall,atitsowncostandexpense,atalltimesduringoperationofthefactoryandotherfacilitiesandduring
anyconstructionworktakeoutandmaintainfullandadequatepropertyinsurancecoveringthebuildings,contents,andotherfirst
partyrisksoftheCompanyasarecustomarilyinsuredagainstinChina.公司应在工厂和其他设施运营期间以及工程施工期间，自费购买并
保有在中国按惯例应予保险的，包括公司建筑物，内部设施以及其他第一方风险在内的全面和充分的财产保险。(b)EachPartyundertakeswiththeotherPartythatitshalltreatasstrictlyconfidentialallinformationreceivedorobtained
byitoritsemployees,agentsoradvisersasaresultofenteringintoorperformingthisAgreementandthatitshallnotatany
timehereaftermakeuseofordiscloseordivulgetoanypersonanysuchinformation.各方向另一方承诺，其将对因签订或履行本协议而
由其或其雇员，代理人或顾问得到或获得的所有信息严格保密，且在此后任何时候均不使用或向任何人披露或泄露任何该等信息。
完全等同或对应的词，这给翻译造成了难题。处理这个问题的办法是，能找到对应词的，尽量用对应词来译；没有类似的同类词的，只能暂告阙如
。(a)ThePartiesagreethatthisAgreementmaybepleadedinanycourtofcompetentjurisdictionasabartoanyaction,suit,
claim,causeofactionorproceedingcommencedbyPartyBagainstPartyAorPartyCfororinrespectoforinanywayconnected
withorarisingoutoftheclaim.各方同意，本协议可在有管辖权的任何法庭上用于答辩，以阻止乙方为索赔、就索赔、与索赔有关或因索赔而
向甲方或丙方提起诉讼、索赔、诉讼事由或诉讼程序。(b)
Taxationshallcompriseallformsoftaxes,includingwithoutlimitationincometax,capitalgainstax,stampduty,tariffs,
customsduties,importandexportduties,impositions,dutiesandlevies,andallfines,penalties,charges,fees,costsandrates
imposed,leviedandcollectedbythetaxationauthorityandothercompetentauthorities.税收包括各种形式的税项，包括但不限于税务
局和其他主管部门征收的所得税、资本利得税、印花税、关税、进出口税、各种征税、以及一切罚金、收费和税款。
-----------------------------------
byitoritsemployees,agentsoradvisersasaresultofenteringintoorperformingthisAgreementincludinginformation
realtingtotheprovisionsofthisAgreement,thenegotiationsleadinguptothisAgreement,thesubjectmatterofthisAgreement
orthebusinessoraffairsoftheotherPartyoranymemberoftheotherParty’sgroupofcompaniesandthatitshallnotatany
timehereaftermakeuseofordiscloseordivulgetoanypersonanysuchinformationandshalluseitsbestendeavorstoprevent
thepublicationordisclosureofanysuchinformation.各方向另一方承诺，其将对因签订或履行本协议而由其或其雇员、代理人或顾问得到或获得的所有信息，包括与本协议的规定、为达成本协议进行的
露任何该等信息，并竭力防止该等信息的公布或披露。
2．FromandafterthedateofthisAgreement,PartyAshall,andshallcauseitsaffiliatesandsuccessorsto,usethesame
effortstomaintaintheconfidentialityofanyConfidentialInformationasPartyAusedtomaintaintheconfidentialityofsuch
informationpriortothedatehereof.Notwithstandingtheforegoing,PartyAanditsaffiliatesandsuccessorsshall,afterprior
noticeto,andconsultationwithPartyB,bepermittedtodiscloseanysuchConfidentialInformationtotheextentlegally
requiredornecessaryforobtainingappropriateregulatorylicensesorapprovals.自本协议之日起及其后，甲方应尽力并应促使其关联公司或承继人尽力对机密信息进行保密，一如其在本协议之日前为该等机密信息保密。尽管有前
述规定，甲方及其关联公司和承继人经事先通知乙方并与乙方协商后，应允许其仅按照法律要求，或为获得有关管理部门的执照或批准而披露必须
予以披露任何该等机密信息。
3．AllProprietaryInformationdisclosedbyeitherPartyoritsaffiliatestotheCJVinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthis
ContractandtheTechnologyLicenseAgreementand/ortheTragdemarkLicenseAgreementtobeenteredintobetweenanaffiliateof
PartyBandtheCJVonoraboutthedatehereofsubstantiallyintheformattachedheretoasAppendixXshallbeusedbytheCJV
anditspersonnelsolelyfortheCJV’saccountandpurposes.Eachpartyandanyofitsaffiliatesshallmaintainthesecrecyof
allProprietaryInformationthatmaybedisclosedorfurnishedtoitbytheCJVortheotherPartyanditsaffiliates,andneither
ofthePartiesortheiraffiliatesshalldiscloseorrevealanysuchPropriertaryInformationtoanythirdpartywithoutexplicit
writtenauthorizationformtheotherParty.AnyProprietaryInformationobtainedbytheCJVoraPartyoritsaffiliatesmaybe
disclosedonlytothedesignatedemployeesoftheCJVorthatPartyanditsaffiliateswhosedutiessorequireforthe
implementationofthisContract.TheCJVandeachPartyanditsaffiliatesshalltakeallreasonableprecautions(includingthe
conclusionofconfidentialitycontractswitheachsuchemployee)topreventsuchemployeesfromusinganddisclosingthe
ProprietaryInformationincontraventionofthisArticle3.任何一方或其关联公司根据本合同及一方一家关联公司与合作经营企业于本合同同日或稍后签订的技术许可协议和/或商标许可协议（其格式见附件
五）的规定，向合作经营企业披露的所有专有信息，仅供合作经营企业及其人员用于合作经营企业的自身利益和目的。各方及其关联公司应对合作
或透露任何该等专有信息。合作经营企业或一方或其关联公司获得的人和专有信息，只能披露给为执行本合同其职责需要其知悉该等信息的合作经
营企业或该方及其关联公司的指定雇员。合作经营企业和各方及其关联公司应采取一切合理的预防措施（包括与每一个该等雇员订立保密合同），
防止该等雇员违反本条规定而使用或披露专有信息。
4．“ConfidentialInformation”meansalldocuments,softwareanddocumentation,reports,financialorotherdata,records,
forms,tools,products,services,methodologies,presentandfutureresearch,technicalknowledge,marketingplans,tradesecrtes,
andothermaterialsobtainedbyConsultantandClientfromeachotherinthecourseofperforminganyServices,whethertangible
orintangibleandwhetherornotstored,compiled,ormemorizedphysically,electronically,graphically,inwriting,orbyany
meansnowknownorlaterinvented.ConfidentialInformationincludeswithoutLimitationrecordsandinformationandCounsultant’s
Information(i)thathasbeenmarkedasproprietaryorconfidential;(ii)whoseconfidentialnaturehasbeenmadeknownbyClient
orConsultant;or(iii)thatduetoitscharacterandnature,aresonablepersonunderlikecircumstanceswouldtreatas
confidential.Notwithstandingtheforegoing,ConfidentialInformationdoesnotincludeinformationwhich(i)isalreadyknownto
therecipientatthetimeordisclosure;(ii)isorbecomespubliclyknownthroughnowonderfulactorfailureoftherecipient;
(iii)isindependentlydevelopedbytherecipientwithoutbenefitoftheotherparty’sConfidentialInformation;or(iv)is
receivedfromathirdpartywihichisnotunderanddoesnottherebybreachanobligationofconfidentiality.Eachpartyagreesto
protecttheother’sConfidentialInformationatalltimesandinthesamemanneraseachprotectstheconfidentialityofitsown
proprietaryandconfidentialmaterials,butinnoeventwithlessthanareasonablestandardofcare.Consultantwilldeliverto
ClientallConfidentialInformationandallcopiesthereof(andallotherpropertyobtainedfromorthroughClient)whenClient
requeststhesameorimmediatelyuponterminationofthisAgreement,whicheveroccuresearlier,exceptforonecopythereofthat
Consultantmayretainforitsrecords.Neitherpartyshall,exceptwithrespecttothoseofitsemployeewithaneedtoknowunder
thisAgreement,useordisclosetoanyperson,firmorentityanyConfidentialInformationoftheotherPartywithoutsuchother
party’sexpress,priorwrittenpermission;provided,however,thatnotwithstandingtheforegoing,Consultantmaydisclose
ConfidentialInformationtotheextentthatitisrequiredtobedisclosedpursuanttoastatutoryorregulatoryprovisionor
courtorder.TheconfidentialityrestrictionsandobligationsimposedbythisSection4shallterminatetwo(2)yearsafterthe
expirationorterminationofthisAgreement.“机密信息”系指在履行服务期间，顾问和客户相互间获得的一切文件、工具、产品、服务、方法、现在和将来的研究、技术知识、营销计划、商业
秘密及其他资料，无论是有形的还是无形的，无论是否以实际、电子、图形或书面形式、或以现在已知的或日后发明的方式存储、编写或纪录。机
密信息包括但不限于下列记录和信息及顾问的信息：（i）已被称为“专有”或“机密”；（ii）其机密性质已为客户或顾问告知；或（iii）由于
其特点和性质，有理性的人在相同情况下，会将该等信息作为机密信息对待。尽管有前述规定，但机密信息不包括以下信息：（i）披露之时早已为
收受方所知的信息；（ii）并非因收受方的非法行为或违约而成为公众所知的信息；（iii）收受方并非借助另一方机密信息而独立开发的信息；或
（iv）从无保密义务因而也不违反保密义务的第三方获取的信息。各方同意，在任何时候都以保护自身专有资料和机密资料相同的方式保护另一方
的机密信息，在任何情况下都已不低于合理的保密标准予以保护。客户要求时，或本协议终止时（以两种情况种先发生的为准），顾问将向客户提
交所有机密信息及一切副本（和从客户或通过客户获得的一切其他财产），但顾问可以存档的一份副本除外。未经另一方事先明示的书面允许，任
何一方均不得使用或向任何人、公司或实体披露该另一方的任何机密信息，但根据本协议需要知晓的本方雇员除外。但尽管有前述规定，法律或行
政规定或法院命令要求披露的机密信息，顾问可予以披露。本条规定的保密限制和义务，在本协议期满或终止二（2）年后终止。
补充翻译练习
1.DuringthetermofthisAgreement,alltheoralandwritteninformation,includingbutnotlimitedtomanufacturing
technologies,procedures,methods,formulas,data,techniques,experiences,know-now,andbusinessinformation(“Confidential
Information”)tobeprovidedbyPartyAtoPartyBshallbetreatedasstrictlyconfidentialandshallbeusedonlyforthe
purposesetforthherein.TitletosuchinformationandtheinterestrelatedheretoshallremainwithPartyAatalltime.在本协议期限内，甲方向乙方提供的一切口头和书面信息，包括但不限于制造工艺、程序、方法、配方、数据、技术、经验、诀窍和商业信息（“机
PartyBagreestotakeallnecessarystepstopreventConfidentialInformationfrombeingdisclosedtothirdpartiesandshall
requireitspersonneltoabidebythesameconfidentialityregulation.PartyBshallnotdiscloseConfidentialInformationto
anyoneotherthantosuchpersonswhorequireaccesstotheretofortheexclusivepurposeprovidedhereunderandwhoareawareof
theirobligationsofconfidentialitythereunder.乙方同意采取一切必要步骤，以防止机密信息披露给第三方，并且应要求其人员遵守同样的保密规定。乙方除了向为了本协议规定的目的而需要接触
机密信息、且了解本协议规定的保密义务的人员披露机密信息外，不得向其他任何人披露。第三章结束。
2.PartyAacknowledgesthattheSystem,alltechnicaldocumentationdeliveredtoPartyAbyPartyBhereunder,andallother
informationrelatingtothedesign,development,configuration,use,installation,operationandmaintenanceoftheSystem
constitutesconfidentialorproprietaryinformationofPartyB,andPartyBacknowledgesthatPartyAmayprovideconfidentialor
proprietaryinformationtoPartyBhereunder(collectivelyreferredtoas“ConfidentialInformation”).EachPartyagreestouse
ConfidentialInformationreceivedfromtheotherPartyonlyforthepurposecontemplatedbythisAgreementandfornoother
purposes.ExceptasspecifiedinthisAgreement,nootherrightsexpressorimplied,includingbutnotlimitedtolicenses,of
trademarks,inventions,copyrights,patents,oranyotherintellectualpropertyrightswhatsoever,aregrantedhereunderorby
theconveyingofConfidentialInformation.ConfidentialInformationprovidedisnottobereproducedinanyformexceptas
requiredtoaccomplishtheintentof,andinaccordancewiththetermsof,theAgreement.EachPartyshallprovidethesamecare
toavoiddisclosureorunauthorizeduseoftheotherParty’sConfidentialInformationasitprovidestoprotectitsownsimilar
proprietaryinformation.ConfidentialInformationmustbekeptbythereceivingPartyinasecureplacewithaccesslimitedto
onlysuchParty’semployees,contractors,oragentswhoneedtoknowsuchinformationforthepurposesofthisAgreementandwho
termsthereof.Exceptasprovidedhereinandunlessotherwisespecifiedinwriting,allConfidentialInformation(i)remainsthe
propertyofthedisclosingParty,and(ii)mustbereturnedtothedisclosingPartyordestroyedafterthereceivingParty’sneed
forithasexpired.AttherequestofthedisclosingParty,thereceivingPartyshallfurnishacertificatesignedbyadirector
orauthorizedofficeofthereceivingPartycertifyingthatConfidentialInformationnotreturnedtothedisclosingPartyhasbeen
密信息或专有信息，且乙方确认，甲方可以根据本协议向乙方提供机密信息或专有信息（合称“机密信息”）。各方同意仅为本协议预期的目的而
不是其他目的的使用从对方得到的机密信息。除本协议规定外，本协议并不授予，亦不通过机密信息的转让授予任何其他的明示的或默示的权利，
包括但不限于执照、商标、发明权、著作权、专利权或任何其他知识产权。所提供的机密信息不得以任何形式加以复制，但为实现本协议的意向和
根据本协议的条款需要复制的除外。各方应谨慎从事，以防披露或擅自使用另一方的机密信息，犹如各方保护自己的类似专有信息。收受方必须将
机密信息保存在安全的地方，可以接触该等信息的人，仅限于该方为本协议之目的需要知道该等信息、且已按照一份反映本条条款的书面保密协议
同样统一对该等信息进行保密的雇员、承包商或代理人。除非本协议有规定或另有书面规定，一切机密信息（i）始终为披露方的财产，（ii）且在
未退还披露方的机密信息已被销毁。
Part4译技巧词类转换按照汉语的表达习惯，有时候英语的名词需要译成汉语的动词，有时候英语的形容词需要转换为汉语的浮词，甚至在有些情况下英
语的介词也可以译做汉语的动词。英语名词——动词汉语形容词——副词这是因为汉语句子里动词非常活跃，一句话里可以出现好几个动词，
companythatdirectlyorindirectlycontrolsaPartyorisdirectlyorindirectlycontrolledbyaParty,includingaParty’s
parentorsubsidiary,orisunderdirectorindirectcommoncontrolwithsuchParty.ForthepurposeofthisAgreement,“control
”shallmeaneithertheownershipoffiftypercent(50%)ormoreoftheordinarysharecapitalofthecompanycarryingtheright
tovoteatgeneralmeetingsorthepowertonominateamajorityoftheboardofdirectorsoftheCompany.forthepurposeofthis
Agreement=inthisAgreement在本协议中generalmeetings=shareholdersgeneralmeetings股东大会“关联公司”指直接或间接控制一
方（包括其母公司或子公司）或受一方直接或间接控制，或与该方共同受直接或间接控制的任何人或公司。在本协议中，“控制”系指拥有在股东大
会上有投票权的百分之五十（50%）或以上的公司普通股股本，或拥有任命公司董事会多数董事的权利。2.“ProprietaryKnow-how”shallmean
processes,methodsandmanufacturingtechniques,experienceandotherinformationandmaterialsincludingbutnotlimitedtothe
TechnicalInformationandTechnicalAssitancesuppliedorrenderedbytheLisensortotheLisenseehereunderwhichhavebeen
developedbyandareknowntotheLisensoronthedatehereofand/ofwhichmaybefurtherdevelopedbytheLisensororbecome
knowntoitduringthecontinuanceofthisAgreementexcepting,however,anysecretknow-howaquiredbytheLicensorfromthird
partieswhichtheLicensorisprecludedfromdisclosingtotheLicensee.“专有技术”指本协议签订之日，已由许可方开发和为许可方所
知，和/或在本协议持续期间可能由许可方继一部开发和为许可方获知的工序、方法、生产技术、经验及其他信息和资料，包括但不限于许可方根据
本协议向被许可方提供的技术信息和技术协助，但许可方从第三方获得的不允许向被许可方披露的任何秘密技术除外。3．”Proprietary
Information”meanstheinformation,whetherpatenableornot,disclosedtotheCJVbyneitherPartyoritsAffiliatesor
disclosedbytheCJVtoeitherPartyoritsAffiliatesduringthetermofthisContract,includingtechnology,inventions,
creations,know-how,formulations,recipes,specifications,designs,methods,processes,techniques,data,rights,devices,
drawings,instructions,expertise,tradepractices,tradesecretsandsuchcommercial,economic,financialorotherinformation
asisgenerallytreatedasconfidentialbythedisclosingParty,itsAffiliates,ortheCJV,asthecasemaybe;providedthat
whensuchinformationisinunwrittenorintangibleform,thedisclosingParty,itsAffilatesortheCJVshall,withinonemonth
ofmakingthedisclosure,providetheotherPartyand/ortheCJVwithawrittenconfirmationthatsuchinformationconstituesits
ProprietaryInformation.“专有信息”指在本合同期内，任何一方或其关联公司向合作经营企业披露的、或合作经营企业向任何一方或其关联公
司披露的不论可否获得专利的信息，包括技术、发明、创造、诀窍、配制、配方、规格、设计、方法、工序、工艺、数据、权利、装置、图样、知识
、专门知识、商业惯例、商业机密以及披露放，其关联公司或合作经营企业（视情况而定）通常视为机密的商业、经济、财务或其他信息；但是，如
果该等信息不是以书面或有形形式披露的，披露方、其关联公司或合作经营企业应在披露后一个月内，向另一方和/或合作经营企业提供该等信息系
其专有信息的书面确认。4.“Encumbrances”includeanyoption,righttoacquire,rightofpreemption,mortgage,charge,pledge,
lien,hypothecation,titlecreation,rightofset-off,counterclaim,trustarrangemnetorothersecurityoranyequityor
restriction(includinganyrelevantrestrictionimposedundertherelevantlaw.)“权力负担”包括期权、收购权、优先权、抵押、押记
、质押、留置、押汇、所有权的产生、抵付权、反诉、信托安排或其他担保、或股权、限制（包括有关法律规定的任何有关限制。）5.Inthis
Agreement,unlessthecontextotherwiserequires:(a)headingsareforconvenienceonlyandshallnotaffecttheinterpretationfo
thisAgreement;(b)wordsimportingthesingularincludethepluralandviceversa;(c)wordsimportingagenderincludeany
gender;(d)anexpression_rimportinganaturalpersonincludesanycompany,partnership,jointventure,association,corporation
orotherbodycorporateandanygovernmentalagency;(e)areferencetoanylaw,regulationorruleincludesalllaws,
regulations,orrulesamendin,consolidatingorreplacingthem,andareferencetoalawincludesallregulationsandrulesunder
thatlaw;(f)areferencetoadocumentincludesanamendmentorsupplementto,orreplacementornovationof,thatdocument;(g)
areferencetoapartytoanydocumentincludesthatparty’ssuccessorsandpermittedassigns;(h)areferenceoanagreement
includesanundertaking,agreementorlegallyenforceablearrangementorunderstandingwhetherornotinwriting;(i)awarranty,
representation,undertaking,indemnity,convenantoragreementonthepartyoftwoormorepersonsbindsthemjointlyand
severally;and(j)theschedules,annexuresandappendicestothisAgreementshallformanintegralpartofthisAgreement.在本协
议中，除非上下文另有要求，（a）标题仅为行文方便而设，并不影响对本协议的解释（b）单数词包含其复数，反之亦然。（c）单一性别的
词包含其各种性别（d）自然人的含义包括公司、合伙企业、合营企业、关联企业、法人团体或其他法人和政府机构（e）凡提到的任何法律、法
规或条例，包括修正、合并或替代该等法律、法规或条例的一切法律、法规或条例，凡提到的某一法律，包括根据法律项下的一切法规和条例。（f
）凡提到的文件，包括该文件的修正件、补充件或替代件（g）凡提到的文件的一方，包括该方的继承人和被许可的受让人（h）凡提到的协议
，包括承诺、约定或法律上可强制执行的安排或谅解，无论是不是书面形式（i）两人或两人以上的保证、陈述、承诺、赔偿、约定或协议，各人
共同和分别受其约束（j）本协议的附表、附录和附件构成本协议不可分割的部分。补充翻译练习1.“Control”meansthepowerofany
entitytodirecttheaffairsofanotherentitywhetherbyanyofthefollowingmeansorotherwise:(a)beneficialownershipofor
entitlementtoacquiresharesorassetsoftheother;(b)powertoexercisevotingrightsinrelationtotheother;(c)powerto
appointmembersofthesupervisoryboard,boardofdirectorsorbodieslegallyrepresentingtheother;or(d)powertooperate,
directormanagethegeneralaffairsoftheother“控制权”指任何实体，无论是通过下列任一途径还是通过其他方式监督另一实体的事务的
命合法代表另一实体的监事会、董事会或机构成员的权力；或（d）经营、监督或管理另一实体的一般事物的权力。2.“TechnicalInformation
”shallmeanalltechnicaldata,drawings,designs,formulae,specifications,processes,methodsofmanufacture,computer
programsorothersoftwareortechnicaldocumentsandsimilarintellectualpropertyrightsofordevelopedbytheLisensorasof
thedatehereofortobedevelopedbytheLicensorduringthetermofthisAgreementrelatingtotheProduct,including
improvementshereto.“技术信息”指本协议签订之日，许可方拥有的或已开发的、或在本协议期间内许可方开发的与产品（包括产品的改进）有
关的一切技术数据、图纸、设计、公式、规格、工序、生产方法、计算机程序或其他软件或技术文件及类似知识产权。3.Theheadingsusedin
thisContractareforeaseofreferenceonly,andinnoeventshallthesubtanceofanyparagraphortheintentofthePartiesbe
interpretedorcontrolledbysuchheadings.本协议中的标题仅为方便参考而设，不得用于解释或控制协议任何条款的实质内容或各方的意向。
4.Referencesto:(a)ClausesandSchedulesaretoclausesinandschedulestothisAgreement(unlessthecontextotherwise
requires)andtheRecitalsandSchedulestothisAgreementshallbedeemedtoformpartofthisAgreement;(b)“person”shall
includebodycorporate,unincorporatedassociationandpartnership(whetherornothavingseparatelegalpersonality)(c)writing
shallincludeanymethodsofproducingorreproducingwordsinalegibleandnon-transitoryform;and(d)masculinegendershall
includethefemineandneuterandthesingularnumbershallincludethepluralandviceversa.凡提到的：（a）条款和附件，系指
本协议的条款和附件（除非上下文另有要求），且本协议的事实陈述部分和附件应被视为本协议的组成部分；（b）“人”，包括法人团体、非法
人社团和合伙企业（无论是否具有单独的法律人格）；（c）书面形式，包括任何以清晰和永久的形式产生或复制文字的方法；以及（d）阳性词
，包括其阴性和中性形式，单数词包括其复数形式；反之亦然。第五章EntireAgreement,Amendment,andLanguage完整协议、修改、语言翻
译技巧增词1．增补原文隐含而没有名示的词Thefailureofeitherpartyatanytimeortimestorequireperformanceofanyprovision
hereofshallinnomanneraffectitsrightatalatertimetoenforcethesame.任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款，
并不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。2．增补能使词义更加明确的词Specifically,andwithoutlimitingthegeneralityofthe
foregoing,PartyAshallbearallresponsibilityforanylosesordamagessufferedbyPartyBasaresultofanymistakes,errors
oromissionscausedbyPartyAinconnectionwiththeprocessingandpackingoftheProducts.特别是，在不受前述一般性原则限制的情
况下，因甲方加工和包装产品出错、失误或疏漏而使乙方遭受损害，甲方应承担一切责任。3．增补被省略的句子成分Thisagreementshalltake
effectontheEffectiveDateandshallcontinueforaperiodoften(10)years.ThisAgreementshallbeautomaticallyrenewedfor
one-yeartermsthereafterunlessanduntilteminatedbyeitherPartyheretobygivingsix(6)months’writtennoticetothe
other.本协议自生效日起生效，有效期为十（10）年。此后，除非一方提前六个月向另一方发出终止本协议的书面通知，本协议逐年自动延长一（1
）年。最重要的是，翻译要清楚明白，不能让人看不懂或者产生歧义。所以可以根据需要增补所需的词语。第一条和第三条似乎并没有太大的区别
Agreement.ThisAgreementandallitsappendicesshallconstitutetheentireagreementbetweenthePartieswithrespecttothe
subjectmattersetforthhereinandsupersedeanyandallpreviousoralandwrittendiscussions,negotiations,notices,memoranda,
documents,agreements,contractsandcommunicationsbetweenthePartiesrelatingtosuchsubjectmatter.本协议的所有附件是本协议
的不可分割的一部分。本协议及其附件构成双方就本协议规定的标的达成的完整协议，并取代双方先前与该标的有关的一切口头和书面的洽谈、谈判
、通知、备忘录、文件、协议、合同和通讯。Withrespectto=concerning关于，就…而言Herein=inthisAgreement在本协议中2.The
termsandconditionshereincontained,includingtheAppendiceshereto,constitutetheentireagreementbetweentheparties
hereto.ThisContractshallsupersedeallpreviouscommunications,eitheroralorwrittenbetweentheparties.Amendentsmodifying
orextendingtheContractshallbebindinguponbothpartiesonlyifinwritingandsignedbyadulyauthorisedofficeror
representativeofeachparty.本合同所包含的条款和条件，包括合同附件，构成合同双方的完整协议。本合同取代双方以前所有的口头或书面通
intoasofthedatewrittenabove,constitutestheentireagreementbetweenthePartiesrelatingtothesubjectmatterhereofand
shallbeinadditiontoandnotinderogationoftheprovisionsoftheSupplyAgreement.NotermsorprovisionsofthisAgreement
shallbevariedormodifiedbyanypriororsubsequentstatement,conductoractofeitheroftheParties,exceptthattheParties
mayamendthisAgreementbywritteninstrumentsreferringtoandexecutedinthesamemannerasthisAgreement.在文首载明的日期签
变更本协议的任何条款或规定，但双方可以以本协议提及的和以本协议相同方法签署的书面文件修改本协议。Asof=asfrom=在…时候；直到
analysisofthesituationasofthisDate.到今日为止的形势分析如下。Writtenabove通常指合同一开始就写明的签订日期，译为“上述”
太笼统，应该用“文首载明的日期”更为贴切。4.ThisAgreement,includinganyStatementofWorkenteredintopursuanthereto,
constitutestheentireagreementofthepartiesheretowithrespectitssubjectmatterandsupersedesallpriorand
contemporaneousrepresentations,proposals,discussions,andcommunications,whetheroralorinwriting.Intheeventofa
conflictbetweentheprovisionsofthisAgreementandthespecificprovisionssetforthinaStatementofWork,theprovisionsof
theAgreementshallcontrol,excepttotheextenttheprovisionsinaStatementofWorkexpresslyprovideotherwise.本协议，包括
根据本协议订立的工作一览表，构成本协议双方关于本协议标的的完整协议，并取代双方先前的或现在的所有陈述、建议、讨论和通讯，无论是口头
的还是书面的。若本协议的规定与工作一览表的具体规定发生冲突，以本协议的规定为准，但工作一览表另有明示规定的除外。Pursuanthereto=
pursuanttothisAgreement=inaccordancewiththisAgreement根据本协议eg.Theinsolventcompanyappliedforbankruptcy
pursuanttoSection12fotheBankruptcyLaw.这家无力偿还债务的公司根据《破产法》第12条申请破产。Intheeventof=ifsomething
happens如果…发生；万一eg.BritainagreedtosupporttheUSintheeventofwar.英国同意一旦发生战争，将支持美国。Control=
prevail（更常用）以…为准5.ThisAgreementconstitutestheentireagreementbetweenthepartieswithrespecttoitssubject
matter(nopartyhavingreliedonanyrepresentationorwarrantymadebyanyotherpartywhichisnotcontainedinthisAgreement)
andnovariationofthisAgreementshallbeeffectiveunlessmadeinwritingandsignedbyalloftheparties.本协议构成双方关于
协议标的的完整协议（各方均依赖于另一方在本协议中的陈述或保证），对本协议的任何修改，只有通过书面形式并经双方签字后方能生效。这一
句的翻译似乎值得商榷。括号中的部分，我觉得应该翻成：各方不得依赖另一方在本协议之外的陈述或保证。此句和上面那句的意思仍有不同。6.
AmendmentstothisContractmaybemadeonlybyawritteninstrumentsignedbyadulyauthorisedrepresentativeofeachofthe
Partiesand,unlesspriorapprovalfromtheExaminationandApprovalAuthority/theappropriategovernmentdepartmentis
statutorilyrequired,suchamendmentsshallbecomeeffectiveuponthesigningbythedulyauthorisedrepresentativesofboth
bedeemedtoconstituteoneandthesameinstrument.ThePartiesshallsignaChineselanguageversionofthisAgreementassoon
asreasonablypossible.Shouldtherebeanydiscrepancybetweenthetwolanguageversions,theEnglishversionofthisAgreement
shallprevail.本协议签署本一式四（4）份，四份文本视为共同构成同一份协议。双方应尽快签署本协议的中文文本。协议的英文文本和中文文本
如有不一致之处，以英文文本为准。Oneandthesame=同一个，完全一样是固定短语，用于加强thesame的语气eg.Oneandthesame
occurredtoeachofthem.8.ThisAgreementmaybeexecutedbythepartiesheretoinanynumberofcounterpartsandonseparate
counterparts,eachofwhichwhensoexecutedshallbedeemedanoriginalbutallofwhichshallconstituteoneandthesame
instrumentandshallbebindingonallparties.ApartymayexecutethisAgreementandthedocumentsreferredtohereinona
facsimilecopycounterpartanddeliveritssignatureandsealbyfacsimile.本协议各方可签署任何数量的协议文本，并在各份文本上签字
。每份文本一经各方签署均视为原件，所有文本构成同一份文据，对各方均有约束力。一方可签署本协议和本协议提及的文件的传真件，并通过传真
交付其签名和印章。补充翻译练习1.ThisAgreementandtheschedulesheretoconstitutetheentireagreementbetweentheParties
relatingtothesubjectmatterhereofandsupersedeallpreviouswritingsandunderstandingsrelatedhereto.本协议及其附件构成双
方关于本协议标的的完整协议，并取代双方先前有关本协议的一切书面文件和谅解。2.AnyamendmentstothisContractshallbecome
effectiveonlyafterawrittenagreementtoeffecttheamendmentssignedbyPartyAandPartyBhasbeenapprovedbythe
ExaminationandApprovalAuthority.对本合同的任何更改，只有在甲乙双方签署的实施修改的书面意见经审批机构批准以后方能生效。3.This
ContractisexecutedinEnglishandChinese.Bothlanguageversionsshallbeequallyauthentic.EachPartyacknowledgesthatit
hasreviewedbothlanguagetextsandthattheyaresubstantiallythesameinallmaterialrespects.本合同的签署本有中文和英文两种
。两种文本具有同等效力。各方承认其业已审阅合同的两种文本，中文本和英文本在一切重要方面完全相同。4.ThisAgreementisexecutedin
Chinese.Ifnecessary,itmaybetranslatedintootherlanguages.However,ifthereisanyconflict,ambiguityordiscrepancy
betweentheChineseversionandaversioninotherlanguage,theChineseversionshallprevail.本协议以中文签署。如有必要，本协议
可以译成其他文字。但是，如果本协议的中文文本和其他文本之间存在矛盾，歧义或者不一致之处，则以中文本为准。5.ThisContractshallbe
writteninbothChineseandEnglish.Bothversionsareequallyauthentic.Eachversionshallbeineight(8)counterparts.Eachof
thePartiesshallholdonecounterpartofeachlanguageversion.TheremainingcounterpartsshallbesubmittedtotheExamination
andApprovalAuthorityforapprovalorreference,orretainedbytheCJV,asrequired.本合同用中文和英文写就。中文文本和英文文本
具有同等效力。两种文本各一式八（8）份。各方各执中文文本和英文文本各一份。其余文本按要求报送有关审批机构审批、供其参考，或由合作经
营企业保存。
Part5省略与重复1．省略英语句子里的各种词类和成分，翻译时可以省略的，除了前面“人称代词和物主代词的翻译”技巧中所提到的代词省略之外，还有其他从语法和修
辞角度上看应该省略的词和词组。(a)ConsultantwilldelivertoClientallConfidentialInformationandallcopiesthereofwhenClientrequeststhesameof
immediatelyuponterminationofthisAgreement,whicheveroccursearlier,exceptforonecopythereofthatConsultantmayretain
foritsrecords.客户要求时，或本协议终止时（以两种情况情况中先发生的为准），顾问将向客户提交所有机密信息及所有副本，但顾问可以存档的一份副本除外
。Thereof省略
2．重复重复是相对原文中的省略而言的，实际上也可以看作是一种增词，只不过是增加同一个词而已。翻译中之所以需要重复，是由于英语和汉语两种语
言的句法和修辞格有不同而引起的。(a)AfterCompletion,theVendorshallnotinanywayholditselfoutorpermititselftobeheldoutasbeinginterestedin,or
inanywayconnectedwith,theCompany.交易完成之后，卖方不得自称，也不得允许他人宣称卖方在公司中拥有权益或与公司有任何关联。(b)PartyAhasfulllegalright,powerandauthoritytoexecuteanddeliverthisContractandalloftheagreementanddocuments
referredtointhisContracttowhichPartyAisapartyandtoobserveandperformitsobligationshereunderandthereunder.甲方在法律上有充分的权利、权力和权限签署和交付本合同及本合同中提及的该方为一方的所有协议和文件，遵守并履行本合同及该等协议和文件规
定的义务。
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underthisContract.AneventofForceMajeureincludes,butisnotlimitedto,prohibitionoractsbygovernmentorpublic
agency,riot,war,hostility,publicdisturbance,strikes,otherlabordisputesandworkstoppages,failureorinterruptionof
transportationorotherutilities,epidemic,fire,flood,earthquake,storm,tidalwaveorotheractsofnature.“不可抗力”指一方不能控制的、导致该方不能履行其在本合同项下义务的事件。不可抗力事件包括但不限于政府或公共机关的禁令或行为、动乱、
战争、敌对行动、民众骚乱、罢工、其他劳动纠纷和停工、交通或其他公用事业的停顿或中断、流行病、火灾、水灾、地震、风暴、海潮或其他自
然灾害。ForcemajeurepreventingapartyformperforminganyofitsobligationsunderthisContract,inwholeorinpart,maybeasserted
againsttheotherpartyonlyifthepreventedpartygivenoticebyregisteredmailoftheinceptionandcessationoftheforce
majeurewithinfifteen(15)daysineachcaseenclosingaconfirmationbytheproperauthoritiesorpublishedinformation
attestingtherealityofthefactsandtheaccuracyofthedatasupplied.Apartyclaimingforcemajeurehastheburdentoprove
thedirectrelationshipbetweentheforcemajeureandthenon-performanceofitsobligationsunderthisAgreement.一方因受不可抗力而不能全部或部分履行其在本合同项下的任何义务，可以通知另一方不可抗力的存在，条件是遭受方应在不可抗力发生和终止十五
（15）日内，分别用挂号信向另一方发出该不可抗力的起始和终止的通知，并附上有关当局的证明或公开发布的消息，证明事实真相和所提供的材
料的准确性。声称不可抗力的一方有举证责任，证明不可抗力与未履行本合同规定的该方义务有直接关系。
2.ShouldanyPartybedirectlypreventedfromexecutingthisAgreementorbedelayedinperformingthisAgreementbyanyeventof
forcemajeure,suchasearthquake,typhoon,flood,fireandwarandotherunforeseenevents,thehappeningandconsequencesof
whichareunpreventableandunavoidable,theaffectedPartyshallnotifytheotherPartieswithoutdelayand,withinfifteen(15)
daysthereafter,providedetailedinformationregardingtheeventsofforcemajeureandsufficientproofthereof,explainingthe
reasonforitsinabilitytoperformorthedelayintheexecutionofallorpartofthisAgreement.Acertificateissuedbythe
ChamberofCommerceorotherappropriateauthoritywheresuchcircumstancesoccurshallbesufficientproofoftheexistenceof
suchcircumstancesandtheirduration.ThePartiesshall,throughconsultations,decidewhethertoaltertheAgreementtoreflect
theeffectsoftheeventofforcemajeureontheperformanceofthisAgreementortoterminatetheAgreementintheeventthat
迟履行本协议的全部或部分条款的理由。不可抗力事件发生地的商会或其他有关部门出具的证明，应足以证明不可抗力事件案的存在及其延续的时
3.IfonePartyispreventedfromperforminganyofitsobligationsunderthisAgreementduetoaneventofforcemajeure,the
timeforperformingtheobligationsunderthisAgreementspecificallypreventedfromperformancebysucheventofforcemajeure
shallbeextendedbyaperiodequaltotheperiodofdelaycausedbysucheventofforcemajeure.Thepartyclaiminginabilityto
performitsobligationsduetoaneventofforcemajeureshalltakeappropriatemeasurestominimiseorremovetheeffectsofthe
eventofforcemajeureand,withintheshortestpossibletime,doitsbesttoresumeperformanceoftheobligation(s)affectedby
theeventofforcemajeure.Ifaneventofforcemajeureoccurs,neitherpartyshallberesponsibleforanydamage,increasedcost
orlosswhichtheotherpartymaysustainbyreasonofsuchafailureordelayofperformance,andsuchfailureordelayshallnot
bedeemedabreachofthisAgreement.AllotherobligationsunderthisAgreementandthetimeforperformancethereofshallnotbe
方可能蒙受的任何损害、费用增加或损失承担责任，且该等为履行或延迟履行不应被视为对本协议的违约。本协议规定的所有其他义务及其履行时
间不应受此影响。
4.NoticesorothercommunicationsrequiredtobegivenbyonePartypursuanttothisAgreementshallbewritteninChineseand
maybedeliveredpersonally,sentbyregisteredairmail(postagepaid),bycourierserviceorbyfacsimiletransmissiontothe
addressoftheotherpartysetforthbelowortosuchotheraddressasmayfromtimetotimebedesignatedbysuchpartythrough
notificationtotheotherParty.Thedatesonsuchnoticesshallbedeemedtohavebeeneffectivelygivenshallbedeterminedas
follows:(a)Noticesgivenbypersonaldeliveryshallbedeemedeffectivelygivenonthedateofpersonaldelivery,providedthatreceipt
shallbeacknowledgedinwritingbythereceivingparty;(b)Noticessentbyregisteredairmail(postageprepaid)shallbedeemedeffectivelygivenonthetenth(10th)dayafterthedate
onwhichtheyweremailed(asindicatedbythepostmark);(c)Noticessentbycouriershallbedeemedeffectivelygivenonthethird(3rd)dayaftertheyweresentbycourierservice;(d)Noticessentbyfacsimiletransmissionshallbedeemedeffectivelygivenonthefirst(1st)businessdayfollowingthedateof
transmission,asindicatedonthedocumentinquestion.DuringthevalidtermofthisAgreement,ifanypartychangesitsaddressatanytime,itshallforthwithnotifytheotherparty
inwritingofsuchchange.一方根据本协议要求发出的通知或其他书信英以中文书写，可由专人递送、以航空挂号（预付邮费）、快递或传真凡是发往收件方的一下地址，或
改方不时地同志发件方的制定地址。通知视为有效送达的日期按以下方法确定：(a)专人递送的，在专人送达之日视为有效送，但收件方应书面确认已收到通知；(b)以航空挂号（预付邮资）邮寄的，在寄出日（以邮戳为凭）后的第十（10）日视为有效送达；(c)交快递发送的，在快递发送后的第三（3）日视为有效送达；(d)以传真发出的，在传送日（以所传文件上的日期为凭）后的第一（1）个营业日视为有效送达。在本协议有效期内，若任何一方在任何时候变更其地址，应立即书面通知另一方。
1.IfonePartyhasbeenpreventedfrompreventingitsresponsibilitiesstipulatedintheContractbecauseofanEventofForce
Majeure,itshallnotifytheotherPartyinwritingwithinfifteen(15)daysaftertheoccurrenceofsuchEventofForceMajeure,
andbothPartiesshallusereasonableendeavorstomitigatedamages,totheextentpossible.IfanEventofForceMajeureoccurs,
neitherPartyshallberesponsibleforanydamage,increasedcostsorlosswhichtheotherPartymaysustainbyreasonofsucha
failureordelayofperformance,andsuchfailureordelayshallnotbedeemedabreachofthisContract.Apartyclaiming
inabilitytoperformduetoanEventofForceMajeureshalltakeappropriatemeanstominimizeorremovetheeffectsoftheEvent
ofForceMajeureand,withintheshortestpossibletime,attempttoresumeperformanceoftheobligationaffectedbytheEventof
ForceMajeure.若一方由于不可抗力事件无法履行本合同所规定的义务，应在该不可抗力事件发生后十五（15）天内，以书面形式通知另一方，且双方均应采取合理
措施尽量减少损害。若发生不可抗力事件，任何一方无需因其未能或延迟履行义而对另一方可能遭受的损害、费用增加或损失承担责任，且该等未
履行或延迟履行不应被视为对本合同的违约。声称由于不可抗力事件而无法履约的一方，应采取适当方式减少或消除不可抗力事件的影响，并在尽
2.Anynoticerequiredtobegivenhereundershallbeconsideredproperlygivenifsentbyregisteredairmailorcourierorby
facsimiletotheaddressoftheotherPartyindicatedbelowortosuchotheraddressastheaddresseeshallhavefurnishedin
writingtotheaddresserandshalltakeeffectonthedateofdispatch.根据本协议要求发出的同志，若用航空挂号信寄往、或以快递或传真发往另一方的下列所示地址或收件人以书面形式向发件人提供的其他地址，应视
为有效送达，并在发送之日生效。
3.NoticesrequiredorpermittedunderthisContractshallbeeffectiveifgiveninwriting,writteninEnglish,sentby
registeredairmail,orbytelexorfacsimileconfirmedbyregisteredairmailletter,returnreceiptrequested,addressedas
follows;unlessotherwisespecifiedinthisContract,noticesshallbeeffectivefromthedateofreceiptofthetelexor
facsimileorintheeventatelexorfacsimileisnotreceived,eight(8)daysaftertheserviceoftheregisteredletter.本合同所要求或允许的通知，应以英文书写的书面格式，用航空挂号信邮寄，或用电传或传真发出，以航空挂号信确认，并随附回执，寄至下列地
址方能生效。除非本合同另有规定，通知自电传或传真之日起生效，或者在为受到电传或传真的情况下，挂号信寄出后八（8）天生效。