1、法律英语法律渊源sourceof公序良俗publiclawlaworderandmoral教会法ecclesiastical制定法statute自然法naturallawlaw判例法caselaw;罗马法RomanLaw寺院法canonlawprecedent私法privatelaw伊斯兰法Islamic普通法commonlaw公法publiclawlaw特另U法speciallaw市民法juscivile民法法律规范norm固有法nativelaw;万民法jusgentiumofcivillawindigenouslaw民法法
3、wsystemfundamentalinterpretation衡平法equity;lawprinciplesofcivillaw习惯法customaryofequity平等原则principlelaw日尔曼法Germanticofequality10/25自愿原则principleoffreewill公平原则principleofjustice等价有偿原则principleofequalvalueexchange诚实信用原则principleofgoodfaith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawfulact违法行为
4、unlawfulact民事权利能力civilright绝对权absoluteright相对权relativeright优先权rightofpriority先买权preemption原权antecedentright救济权rightofrelief支配权rightofdominion请求权rightofclaim物上请求权rightofclaimforrealthing形成权rightofformation撤销权rightofclaimingcancellation否认权rightofclaimingcancellation解
5、除权rightofrenouncement代位权subrogatedright选择权rightofchoice承认权rightofadmission终止权rightoftermination抗辩权rightofdefense一时性抗辩权momentaryrightofdefense永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-argumentright不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argumentright同时履行抗辩权defenserightofsimultaneousperformance既得权testedright期待权expectantre
6、putationprotectionright隐私权rightof私力救济专属权exclusiveprivacyself-protectionright私生活秘密权right权禾本位standard非专属权ofprivacyofrightnon-exclusiveright贞操权virginity社会本位standard人身权利Jpersonalrightofsocietyright身份权rightof无责任行为人权humanrightstatusirresponsibleright人格权rightof亲权parentalpower;正当
7、防卫justifiablepersonalityparentalrightright;ligitimate生命健康权rightof亲属权rightofdefencelifeandhealthrelative防卫行为actof姓名权rightof探视权visitationdefencenameright自为行为名称权rightof配偶权rightofself-conductingactnamespouse紧急避险actof肖像权rightof荣誉权rightofrescue;necessityportraiturehonor自助行为act
8、of自由权rightof权利的保护self-helpfreedomprotectionofright不可抗力force名誉权right公力救济publicmajeure意外事件accident行为能力capacityforact意思能力capacityofwill民事行为civilact意思表示declarationofintention意思表示一致meetingofminds;consensus完全行为能力perfectcapacityforact限制行为能力restrictivecapacityforact准禁治产人quasi-
9、interdictedperson保佐protection自治产人minorwhoiscapableofadministeringhisowncapacity无行为能力incapacityforact禁治产人interdictedperson自然人naturalperson公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequentlydwellingplace户籍censusregister监护guardianship个体工商户individualbusiness农村承包经营户leaseholdingruralho
10、usehold合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnershipagreement合伙贝才产propertyofpartnership合伙债务debtofpartnership入伙joinpartnership退伙withdrawalfrompartnership合伙企业partnershipbusinessestablishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnershipoflegalperson特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnershi
11、p有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civilpartnership隐名合伙sleepingpartnership;dormantpartnership私营企业privateenterprise;proprietorship法人legalperson企业法人legalbodyofenterprise企业集团groupofenterprise关联企业affiliateenterprise个人独资企业individualbusinessestablishment国有独资企业solelystate-ownedenterprise中外合资企业Sino
12、-foreignjointventureenterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreigncontractualenterprise社团法人legalbodyofmassorganization财团法人legalbodyoffinancialgroup联营jointventure法人型联营associationoflegalpersons合伙型联营coordinatedmanagementinpartnership协作型联营cooperation-typecoordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行
13、为civillegalact单方民事法律行为unilateralcivillegalact双方民事法律行为bilateralcivillegalact多方民事法律行为jointactcivillegalact有偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithconsideration无偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithoutconsideration;civillegalactwithoutaward实践性民事法律行为practicalcivillegalact法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consentalcivillegalac
14、t要式民事法律行为formalcivillegalact不要式民事法律行为informalcivillegalact要因民事法律行为causativecivillegalact不要因民事法律行为noncausativecivillegalact主民事法律行为principalcivillegalact从民事法律行为accessorycivillegalact附条件民事法律行为conditionalcivillegalact附期限民事法律行为civillegalactwithterm生前民事法律行为civillegalactbeforede
15、ath死后民事法律行为civillegalactafterdeath准民事法律行为quasi-civillegalact无效行为ineffectiveact可撤销民事行为revocablecivilact违法行为川egalact;unlawfulact侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危takingadvantageofothersprecariousposition以合法形式掩盖非法目的legalformconcealing川egalintention恶意串通maliciouscollaboration重大误解grossmisunderst
17、gency委托代理agencybymandate本代理originalagency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorizedagency表见代理agencybyestoppel;apparentagency律师代理agencybylawyer普通代理generalagency全权代理generalagency全权代理委托书generalpowerofattorney共同代理jointagency独家代理soleagency居间brokerage居间人broker行IBcommission;brokerhouse信托tr
18、ust时效timelimit;prescription;limitation时效中止suspensionofprescription/limitation时效中断interruptionoflimitation/prescription时效延长extensionoflimitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终止lapseoftime;terminationofprescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civilrelationswithforeignelements冲突规范ruleofconf
19、lict准据法applicablelaw;governinglaw反致renvoi;remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserveofpublicorder法律规避evasionoflaw国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legalliability民事责任civilliability/responsibility行政责任administrativeliability/responsibility开Ll事责任criminalliability/r
20、esponsibility违约责任liabilityofbreachofcontract;responsibilityofdefault有限责任limitedliability无限责任unlimitedliability按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任jointandseveralliability过失责任liabilityfornegligence;negligentliability过错责任faultliability;liabilityforfault单独过错solefault共同过错jointfault
22、age/loss无形损失intangibledamage/loss贝才产损失propertydamage/loss人身损失personaldamage/loss精神损失spiritualdamage/loss民事责任承担方式methodsofbearingcivilliability停止侵害ceasetheinfringingact排除妨碍exclusionofhindrance;removalofobstacle消除危险eliminationofdanger返还贝产restitutionofproperty恢复原状restitution;restitut
24、palofOnething,OneRight物权法定主义principaloflegalityofrightinrem物权公示原则principalofpublicsummonsofrightinrem物权法jusrerem物property生产资料rawmaterialforproduction生活资料meansoflivelihood;meansofsubsistence流通物resincommercium;athingincommerce限制流通物limitedmerchantablething禁止流通物rese
25、xtracommercium;athingoutofcommerce资产asset固定资产fixedasset流动资产currentasset;floatingasset动产movables;chattel不动产immovable;realestate特定物rescertae;acertainthing种类物genus;indefinitething可分物resdivisibiles;divisiblethings不可分物resindivisibiles;indivisiblethings主物rescapitalis;aprincipalt
26、hing从物resaccessoria;anaccessorything原物originalthing孳息fruits天然孳息naturalfruits法定孳息legalfruits无主物bonavacatia;vacantgoods;ownerlessgoods遗失物lostproperty漂流物driftingobject埋藏物fortuna;hiddenproperty货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classificationofrightinrem/realright自物权j
27、usinrepropria;rightoffullownership所有权dominium;法律英语ownership;titlepossession永佃权jus所有权凭证他物权jusinreemphyteuticum;rightdocumentoftitle;alienatolandedestatetitleofownership用益物权realrightgrantedinperpetuity占有权dominiumforusufructthroughacontractutile;equitable使用权righttouse;地役权s
28、ervitude;ownershiprightofuseeasement使用权rightofuse;土地使用权rightto人役权servitusrighttouseoftheuseoflandpersonarum;personal收益权rightto林权forestservitudeearnings;righttoownership担保物权realrightyields采矿权miningforsecurity处分权rightofownership物的担保securitydisposing;jus经营权managerialforthing
29、dispodendiauthority;powerof物的瑕疵担保善意占有possessionmanagementwarrantyagainstingoodfaith承包经宫权righttodefectofathing恶意占有maliciouscontracted抵押权hypotheca;possessionmanagementhypothecation;right按份共有several相邻权neighboringtomortgagepossessionright;relatedright抵押权的设定共同共有joint地上权superficie
30、screationofrightto11/25法律英语mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral;estateundermortgage抵押权的效力deffectofrighttomortgage抵押权的次序sequenceofrighttomortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonmentofrighttomortgage抵押权的让与alienationofrighttomortgage抵押权的实现materializationofrighttomortgage抵押权的消灭extinctio
31、nofrighttomortgageregistrationofestateundermortgage抵押物登记registrationofestateundermortgage抵押优先权priorityofmortgage留置权lien一般留置权generallien特别留置权speciallien质权hypotheque;pledge;rightofpledge佃权tenantright债权jusinpersonam;righttogiveorprocure;claim;creditor,sright债权人c
32、reditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart;offeree给付give;pay债务debt;liability;obligation债务的偿还paymentofdebt债务的偿清dischargeofdebt债务的担保guaranteeofdebt债务的合并consolidationofdebt债务的给付日期debtmaturity债务的免除exemptionofdebt债的分类obligatio;obligation28/25法定之债legal合同之债productobligationcontractualobli
33、gation不当得禾1Junjust任息之债voluntary侵权行为之债tortenrichmentobligationobligation无因管理voluntary简单之债simple损害赔偿之债serviceobligationobligationof债的担保guarantee选择之债alternativecompensationforofobligationobligationinjury;obligationof贝才产担保property主债prime/principaldamagesguaranteeobligation人身损害damageto信用担保cr
34、edit从债accessorypersonguaranteeobligation精神损害让与担保alienation单一之债singlemoral/mental/spirituaguaranteeobligationldamage保证guaranty按份之债several医药费hospital明示保证expressobligationtreatmentexpenseguaranty连带之债joint医疗费medical默示保证impliedobligationchargeguaranty特定之债certain抚恤金pension保证人guarantorobli
35、gation慰问金consolation保证合同contractof种类之债indefinitemoneyguaranty/suretyshipobligation产品瑕疵defectof保证金guarantybond;securitydeposit押金deposit;foregift预付款advancedpayment定金earnestmoney;deposit违约金liquidateddamages法定违约金liquidateddamagesbylaw约定违约金liquidateddamagesbyagreement债的履行performanc
39、makeuseof获得报酬权righttogetpayment重播权rightofrebroadcasting录制权rightoffixation机械复制权rightofmechanograph;rightofmechanicalreproduction著作邻接权neighboringrightofcopyright票九窃plagiary;plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCDpiratedVCD伪造forge工业产权industrialproperty专禾ij权patentright优先权日prioritydate申请在先原则p
40、riorapplicationrule使用在先priorityofuse新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造inventionandcreation实用新型utilitymodel外观设计design;industrialdesign发明权rightofinvention发现权rightofdiscovery专利申请patentapplication专禾1J异议objectiontoapatent专禾公告patentinternationaltrademarkgazetteregistrationof商标公
43、mark商标侵权trademarkfamily,inheritance,rightinfringementadoption商标国际注册商标注册registered婚姻法maritallaw;marriagelaw包办婚姻arrangedmarriage财产分割partition;dismembermentofproperty重婚bigamy独生子女onlychild法律婚legalmarriage非婚生子女川egitimatechild夫妻共同财产communityproperty夫妻关系conjugalrelationship夫妻分居divorc
44、eamensaetthoro;divorcefrombedandboard复婚resumptionofmarriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarizationofpostnuptialproperties婚姻登记marriageregistration婚生子女ligitimatechild计划生育birthcontrol结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenarymarriage拟制血亲bloodrelationsinfictionoflaw旁系血亲collateralrelati
45、onbloodrelation涉夕卜婚姻marriagewithforeignelements配偶spouse事实婚defactomarriage诉讼离婚divorcebylitigation探视权visitationright同居cohabitation晚婚latemarriage无效婚姻voidmarriage协议离婚divorcebyagreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚earlymarriage直系血亲linealdescent自然血亲naturalbloodrelation收养法adoptionlaw收养协议adoptio
46、nsuccessionby遗产inheritance;agreementsubrogationheritage收养人adoptive世袭继承hereditary遗产继承人heirtoparentsuccessionproperty;inheritor送养人personor间接继承indirect遗言lastwillandinstitutionplacingoutsuccessiontestamentachildforadoption转继承遗书lastwords涉外收养adoptionsubsuccession遗赠bequest;legacy;with
47、foreignelements共同继承jointdevise继承法inheritancesuccession遗赠抚养协议law;lawof单独继承singlelegacy-supportsuccessionsuccessionagreement法定继承legal继承人heir;seccessionsuccessor会计法accounting遗嘱继承intestate第二顺序继承人lawsuccessionsuccessorsecondin税法taxlaw;遗赠继承successionordertaxationlawbydevise第一顺序继承人反不正当竞争法自然继承
49、tycompany股份有限公司companylimitedbyshares无限公司unlimitedcompany股份两合公司jointstocklimitedliabilitypartnership两合公司jointliabilitycompany控股公司holdingcompany集团公司groupcompany合资公司jointventurecompany联营公司associatedcompany;affiliatedcompany国营公司state-owncompany国有公司state-ownedcompany民营公司civilian-runco
50、mpany本国公司national/domesticcompany外国公司foreigncompany上市公司listedcompany母公司parentcompany子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcasecompany;fundlesscompany募集设立incorporationbystockfloatation发起人floater;initiator公司名称nameofcompany公司住址domicileofcompany出资contribution;capitalsubscription现金出资investmentinca
51、sh实物出资investmentinkind工业产权出资investmentinindustrialpropertyright非专有技术出资investmentinnon-patenttechnology劳务出资investmentinlabor高新技术成果出资investmentinhi-techachievements注册资本registeredcapital实缴资本paid-incapital验资报告capitalverificationreport会计师事务所certifiedpublicaccountants注册会计师ce
52、rtifiedpublicaccountant资本三原则threedoctrineofcapital资本确定原则doctrineofcapitaldetermination资本维持原则doctrineofcapitalmaintenance资本不变原则doctrineofunchangingcapital最低资本额制度minimumcapitalsystem公司章程articlesofassociation;articlesofincorporation;bylaw公司登记incorporation;corporateregistration公司存续existenceofcompany公司合并分立mergerandsplitofcompany公司并购corporatemergerandacquisition公司管理corporategovernance;companymanagement公司法律顾问c