TortLiabilityLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina
(第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议于二零零九年十二月二十六日通过，自二零一零年七月一日起施行。)
(Adoptedatthe12thSessionoftheStandingCommitteeofthe11thNationalPeople’sCongressonDecember262009andeffectiveasofJuly12010.)
中华人民共和国主席令(十一届第21号)
PRCPresident’sOrder(No.21ofthe11thNPC)
第一章一般规定
PartOne:Generalprovisions
第一条为保护民事主体的合法权益，明确侵权责任，预防并制裁侵权行为，促进社会和谐稳定，制定本法。
Article1:ThisLawhasbeenformulatedinordertoprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofcivilsubjects,clarifyliabilityfortorts,preventandsanctiontortiousactsandpromotesocialharmonyandstability.
第二条侵害民事权益，应当依照本法承担侵权责任。
Article2:Whencivilrightsandinterestsareinfringed,tortliabilityshallbeborneinaccordanceherewith.
本法所称民事权益，包括生命权、健康权、姓名权、名誉权、荣誉权、肖像权、隐私权、婚姻自主权、监护权、所有权、用益物权、担保物权、著作权、专利权、商标专用权、发现权、股权、继承权等人身、财产权益。
ForthepurposesofthisLaw,civilrightsandinterestsincludetherighttolife,righttohealth,righttoone’sname,righttoone’sreputation,righttoone’shonour,righttoone’simage,righttoprivacy,righttomarryasonewishes,guardianshiprights,ownershiprights,usufructuaryrights,securityinterests,copyrights,patentrights,exclusiverighttouseatrademark,righttodiscoveries,equityinterests,rightofsuccessionandothersuchpersonalandpropertyrightsandinterests.
第三条被侵权人有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。
Article3:Aninjuredpersonhastherighttodemandthatthetortfeasorbeartortliability.
第四条侵权人因同一行为应当承担行政责任或者刑事责任的，不影响依法承担侵权责任。
Article4:Ifatortfeasorisrequiredtobearadministrativeliabilityorcriminalliabilityforanact,thesameshallnotaffecthis/her/itsbearingtortliabilityforoneandthesameactinaccordancewiththelaw.
因同一行为应当承担侵权责任和行政责任、刑事责任，侵权人的财产不足以支付的，先承担侵权责任。
Ifatortfeasorisrequiredtobearbothtortliabilityandadministrativeliabilityorcriminalliabilityforoneandthesameactandhis/her/itspropertyisinsufficienttomakepayment,he/she/itshallfirstbeartortliability.
第五条其他法律对侵权责任另有特别规定的，依照其规定。
Article5:Ifotherlawscontainspecialprovisionsontortliability,suchprovisionsshallapply.
第二章责任构成和责任方式
PartTwo:Constitutionof,andmeansofbearing,liability
第六条行为人因过错侵害他人民事权益，应当承担侵权责任。
Article6:Ifanactor,throughhis/her/itsownfault,infringesuponthecivilrightsorinterestsofanother,he/she/itshallbeartortliability.
根据法律规定推定行为人有过错，行为人不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。
If,pursuanttothelaw,anactorispresumedtobeatfaultandhe/she/itisunabletoshowthathe/she/itwasnotatfault,he/she/itshallbeartortliability.
第七条行为人损害他人民事权益，不论行为人有无过错，法律规定应当承担侵权责任的，依照其规定。
Article7:Ifanactorprejudicesthecivilrightsorinterestsofanotherandlawsprovidethathe/she/itisrequiredtobeartortliability,suchprovisionsshallapplyregardlessofwhetherornothe/she/itwasatfault.
第八条二人以上共同实施侵权行为，造成他人损害的，应当承担连带责任。
Article8:Iftwoormorepersonsjointlycommitatortiousact,therebycausinginjurytoanother,theyshallbearjointandseveralliability.
第九条教唆、帮助他人实施侵权行为的，应当与行为人承担连带责任。
Article9:Ifsomeoneabetsanothertocommitorassistsanotherincommittingatortiousact,he/sheshallbearjointandseveralliabilitywiththeactor.
教唆、帮助无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人实施侵权行为的，应当承担侵权责任；该无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的监护人未尽到监护责任的，应当承担相应的责任。
Ifsomeoneabetsapersonwithnoorlimitedcivilcapacitytocommitorassistsapersonwithnoorlimitedcivilcapacityincommittingatortiousact,he/sheshallbeartortliability.Iftheguardianofthepersonwithnoorlimitedcivilcapacityfailedtofulfilhis/herguardianshipduties,he/sheshallbearthecorrespondingliability.
第十条二人以上实施危及他人人身、财产安全的行为，其中一人或者数人的行为造成他人损害，能够确定具体侵权人的，由侵权人承担责任；不能确定具体侵权人的，行为人承担连带责任。
Article10:Iftwoormorepersonscommitanactthatjeopardisesthesafetyofanotherorthesafetyofthepropertyofanotherandtheact(s)ofoneormoreofthemcause(s)injurytoanotherandthespecifictortfeasor(s)canbedetermined,thetortfeasor(s)shallbeartheliability.Ifthespecifictortfeasor(s)cannotbedetermined,theactorsshallbearjointandseveralliability.
第十一条二人以上分别实施侵权行为造成同一损害，每个人的侵权行为都足以造成全部损害的，行为人承担连带责任。
Article11:Iftwoormorepersonseachcommitsaseparatetortiousactthatresultsinoneandthesameinjury,andifthetortiousactofeachpersonwouldinandofitselfhavebeensufficienttocausealloftheinjury,theactorsshallbearjointandseveralliability.
第十二条二人以上分别实施侵权行为造成同一损害，能够确定责任大小的，各自承担相应的责任；难以确定责任大小的，平均承担赔偿责任。
Article12:Iftwoormorepersonseachcommitsaseparatetortiousactthatresultsinoneandthesameinjuryandtheextentofeachperson’sliabilitycanbedetermined,eachofthemshallbearthecorrespondingliability.Iftheextentofeachperson’sliabilityisimpossibletodetermine,theyshalleachbeliablefordamagesequally.
第十三条法律规定承担连带责任的，被侵权人有权请求部分或者全部连带责任人承担责任。
Article13:Iflawsprovideforthebearingofjointandseveralliability,theinjuredpersonshallhavetherighttodemandthatsomeorallofthejointlyandseverallyliablepersonsbearliability.
第十四条连带责任人根据各自责任大小确定相应的赔偿数额；难以确定责任大小的，平均承担赔偿责任。
Article14:Thejointlyandseverallyliablepersonsshalldeterminetheirrespectivemeasuresofdamagesinproportiontotheextentofeachperson’sliability.Iftheextentofeachperson’sliabilityisimpossibletodetermine,theyshalleachbeliablefordamagesequally.
支付超出自己赔偿数额的连带责任人，有权向其他连带责任人追偿。
Ajointlyandseverallyliablepersonwhopaysmorethantheamountofdamagespayablebyhim/her/itshallhavetherighttorecoverthesamefromtheotherjointlyandseverallyliablepersons.
第十五条承担侵权责任的方式主要有：
Article15:Theprincipalmeansofbearingtortliabilityaresetforthbelow:
（一）停止侵害；
(1)cessationofthetort;
（二）排除妨碍；
(2)eliminationoftheobstruction;
（三）消除危险；
(3)eradicationofthedanger;
（四）返还财产；
(4)returnoftheproperty;
（五）恢复原状；
(5)restorationtotheoriginalstate;
（六）赔偿损失；
(6)indemnificationoftheloss;
（七）赔礼道歉；
(7)apologising;and/or
（八）消除影响、恢复名誉。
(8)eliminationoftheeffectandrestorationofreputation.
以上承担侵权责任的方式，可以单独适用，也可以合并适用。
Theaforementionedmeansofbearingtortliabilitymaybeappliedsinglyorincombination.
第十六条侵害他人造成人身损害的，应当赔偿医疗费、护理费、交通费等为治疗和康复支出的合理费用，以及因误工减少的收入。造成残疾的，还应当赔偿残疾生活辅助具费和残疾赔偿金。造成死亡的，还应当赔偿丧葬费和死亡赔偿金。
Article16:Whenatortcommittedagainstanotherresultsinphysicalinjury,indemnificationshallbegivenforreasonableexpensespaidintreatmentandrecoverysuchasmedicalexpenses,nursingcareexpensesandtravelexpenses,andthereductioninincomearisingduetoabsencefromwork.Ifapermanentdisabilityiscaused,theexpensesfordisabilityaidsshalladditionallybeindemnifiedanddisabilitycompensationadditionallypaid.Ifdeathiscaused,thefuneralexpensesshalladditionallybeindemnifiedanddeathcompensationadditionallypaid.
第十七条因同一侵权行为造成多人死亡的，可以以相同数额确定死亡赔偿金。
Article17:Ifonetortiousactresultsinthedeathofmorethanoneperson,anidenticalamountofdeathcompensationmaybedeterminedforeachvictim.
第十八条被侵权人死亡的，其近亲属有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。被侵权人为单位，该单位分立、合并的，承继权利的单位有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。
Article18:Ifaninjuredpersondies,his/hercloserelativesshallhavetherighttodemandthatthetortfeasorbeartortliability.Iftheinjuredpersonisanentity,andsuchentityisdividedormerged,theentitythatsucceedstoitsrightsshallhavetherighttodemandthatthetortfeasorbeartortliability.
被侵权人死亡的，支付被侵权人医疗费、丧葬费等合理费用的人有权请求侵权人赔偿费用，但侵权人已支付该费用的除外。
Whenaninjuredpersondies,thepersonwhopaidtheinjuredperson’sreasonableexpenses,suchasmedicalexpensesandfuneralexpensesshallhavetherighttodemandthatthetortfeasorindemnifysuchexpenses,unlessthetortfeasorhasalreadypaidsuchexpenses.
第十九条侵害他人财产的，财产损失按照损失发生时的市场价格或者其他方式计算。
Article19:Ifatortiscommittedagainstthepropertyofanother,thelossofthepropertyshallbecalculatedbasedonthemarketvaluethereofatthetimethelossoccurredorbyothermeans.
第二十条侵害他人人身权益造成财产损失的，按照被侵权人因此受到的损失赔偿；被侵权人的损失难以确定，侵权人因此获得利益的，按照其获得的利益赔偿；侵权人因此获得的利益难以确定，被侵权人和侵权人就赔偿数额协商不一致，向人民法院提起诉讼的，由人民法院根据实际情况确定赔偿数额。
Article20:Ifatortcommittedagainstthepersonalrightsandinterestsofanotherresultsinapropertyloss,indemnificationshallbepaidinlinewiththelossincurredbytheinjuredperson.Ifthelossincurredbytheinjuredpersonisimpossibletodetermine,butthetortfeasorderivedabenefitfromthetort,indemnificationshallbepaidinlinewiththebenefitsoderived.Ifthebenefitderivedbythetortfeasorisimpossibletodetermine,theinjuredpersonandthetortfeasorfailtoreachaconsensusonthemeasureofdamagesafterconsultationsandalegalactionisinstitutedinapeople’scourt,thepeople’scourtshalldeterminethemeasureofdamagesbasedontheactualcircumstances.
第二十一条侵权行为危及他人人身、财产安全的，被侵权人可以请求侵权人承担停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险等侵权责任。
Article21:Ifatortiousactthreatensthesafetyofanotherorthesafetyofthepropertyofanother,theinjuredpersonmaydemandthatthetortfeasorbeartortliabilitybyceasingthetortiousact,eliminatingtheobstruction,eradicatingthedanger,etc.
第二十二条侵害他人人身权益，造成他人严重精神损害的，被侵权人可以请求精神损害赔偿。
Article22:Ifatortcommittedagainstthepersonalrightsandinterestsofanotherresultsinseriousemotionaldistress,theinjuredpersonmaydemandindemnificationforemotionaldistress.
第二十三条因防止、制止他人民事权益被侵害而使自己受到损害的，由侵权人承担责任。侵权人逃逸或者无力承担责任，被侵权人请求补偿的，受益人应当给予适当补偿。
Article23:Ifapersonsuffersinjuryinattemptingtopreventorhaltatortcommittedagainstthecivilrightsorinterestsofanother,thetortfeasorshallbearliabilitytherefor.Ifthetortfeasorabscondsorlacksthecapacitytobearsuchliability,andtheinjuredpersondemandscompensation,thebeneficiaryshallgivehim/her/itappropriatecompensation.
第二十四条受害人和行为人对损害的发生都没有过错的，可以根据实际情况，由双方分担损失。
Article24:Ifneitherthevictimnortheactorwasatfaultintheoccurrenceofaninjury,thelossmaybesharedbythepartiesbasedontheactualcircumstances.
第二十五条损害发生后，当事人可以协商赔偿费用的支付方式。协商不一致的，赔偿费用应当一次性支付；一次性支付确有困难的，可以分期支付，但应当提供相应的担保。
Article25:Afteraninjuryhasoccurred,thepartiesmayholdconsultationsonthemethodofpaymentoftheindemnification.Iftheyfailtoreachaconsensus,theindemnificationshallbepaidinonelumpsum.Ifpaymentinonelumpsumpresentsgenuinedifficulties,theindemnificationmaybepaidininstalments,provided,however,thatcorrespondingsecurityisprovided.
第三章不承担责任和减轻责任的情形
PartThree:Exculpatoryandmitigatingcircumstances
第二十六条被侵权人对损害的发生也有过错的，可以减轻侵权人的责任。
Article26:Iftheinjuredpersonwasalsoatfaultintheoccurrenceoftheinjury,theliabilityofthetortfeasormaybereduced.
第二十七条损害是因受害人故意造成的，行为人不承担责任。
Article27:Ifinjuryiscausedbyawillfulactofthevictim,theactorshallnotbeliable.
第二十八条损害是因第三人造成的，第三人应当承担侵权责任。
Article28:Ifinjuryiscausedbyathirdparty,thethirdpartyshallbeartortliability.
第二十九条因不可抗力造成他人损害的，不承担责任。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。
Article29:Ifanotherisinjuredduetotheoccurrenceofaneventofforcemajeure,noliabilityshallbeborne,unlessotherwiseprovidedinlaw,inwhichcasesuchprovisionsshallapply.
第三十条因正当防卫造成损害的，不承担责任。正当防卫超过必要的限度，造成不应有的损害的，正当防卫人应当承担适当的责任。
Article30:Ifinjuryiscausedbyanactoflegitimateselfdefence,noliabilityshallbeborne.However,iftheactoflegitimateselfdefenceexceedsthenecessaryextent,resultinginunwarrantedinjury,thepersonwhoexercisedsuchlegitimateselfdefenceshallbeartheappropriateliability.
第三十一条因紧急避险造成损害的，由引起险情发生的人承担责任。如果危险是由自然原因引起的，紧急避险人不承担责任或者给予适当补偿。紧急避险采取措施不当或者超过必要的限度，造成不应有的损害的，紧急避险人应当承担适当的责任。
Article31:Ifinjuryiscausedbyanemergencyescapefromdanger,thepersonwhocausedthedangershallbeliable.Ifthedangeraroseduetonaturalcauses,thepersonwhomadetheemergencyescapefromdangershallnotbeliableorshallprovideappropriatecompensation.Ifinappropriatemeasuresweretakenduringtheemergencyescapefromdangeroriftheyexceededthenecessaryextent,causingunwarrantedinjury,thepersonwhomadetheemergencyescapefromdangershallbeartheappropriateliability.
第四章关于责任主体的特殊规定
PartFour:Specialprovisionsonliablesubjects
第三十二条无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人造成他人损害的，由监护人承担侵权责任。监护人尽到监护责任的，可以减轻其侵权责任。
Article32:Ifapersonwithnoorlimitedcivilcapacitycausesinjurytoanother,his/herguardianshallbeartortliability.Iftheguardianfulfilledhis/herguardianshipduties,his/hertortliabilitymaybereduced.
有财产的无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人造成他人损害的，从本人财产中支付赔偿费用。不足部分，由监护人赔偿。
Ifapersonwithnoorlimitedcivilcapacitywhohaspropertycausesinjurytoanother,theindemnificationshallbepaidfromhis/herpropertyandanyshortfallshallbepaidbyhis/herguardian.
第三十三条完全民事行为能力人对自己的行为暂时没有意识或者失去控制造成他人损害有过错的，应当承担侵权责任；没有过错的，根据行为人的经济状况对受害人适当补偿。
Article33:Ifapersonwithfullcivilcapacitycausesinjurytoanotherduringatemporaryepisodeofunawarenessofhis/herownactionsorlossofcontrol,he/sheshallbeartortliabilityifhe/shewasatfault.Ifhe/shewasnotatfault,he/sheshall,basedonhis/hereconomicsituation,payappropriatecompensationtothevictim.
完全民事行为能力人因醉酒、滥用麻醉药品或者精神药品对自己的行为暂时没有意识或者失去控制造成他人损害的，应当承担侵权责任。
Ifapersonwithfullcivilcapacitycausesinjurytoanotherduringatemporaryepisodeofunawarenessofhis/heractionsorlossofcontrolduetoinebriationorabuseofanarcoticorpsychotropicdrug,he/sheshallbeartortliability.
第三十四条用人单位的工作人员因执行工作任务造成他人损害的，由用人单位承担侵权责任。
Article34:Ifaworkercausesinjurytoanotherduetoperformanceofhis/herworkduties,his/heremployershallbeartortliability.
劳务派遣期间，被派遣的工作人员因执行工作任务造成他人损害的，由接受劳务派遣的用工单位承担侵权责任；劳务派遣单位有过错的，承担相应的补充责任。
If,duringhis/herplacementterm,aworkerplacedbyatempagencycausesinjurytoanotherduetoperformanceofhis/herworkduties,theentitywithwhomhe/shewasplacedshallbeartortliability.Thetempagencyshallbearthecorrespondingsupplementaryliabilityifittoowasatfault.
第三十五条个人之间形成劳务关系，提供劳务一方因劳务造成他人损害的，由接受劳务一方承担侵权责任。提供劳务一方因劳务自己受到损害的，根据双方各自的过错承担相应的责任。
Article35:Inaservicerelationshiparisingbetweenindividuals,ifthepartyprovidingtheservicecausesinjurytoanotherduetoprovisionoftheservice,therecipientoftheserviceshallbeartortliability.Ifthepartyprovidingtheservicehimself/herselfsuffersinjuryduetoprovisionoftheservice,eachpartyshallbearliabilitycorrespondingtotheextentofhis/herfault.
第三十六条网络用户、网络服务提供者利用网络侵害他人民事权益的，应当承担侵权责任。
Article36:Ifanetworksubscriberornetworkserviceproviderusesthenetworktocommitatortagainstthecivilrightsorinterestsofanother,he/she/itshallbeartortliability.
网络用户利用网络服务实施侵权行为的，被侵权人有权通知网络服务提供者采取删除、屏蔽、断开链接等必要措施。网络服务提供者接到通知后未及时采取必要措施的，对损害的扩大部分与该网络用户承担连带责任。
Whereanetworksubscriberusesthenetworkservicestocommitatortiousact,theinjuredpersonshallhavetherighttonotifythenetworkserviceprovidertotakenecessarymeasuressuchasdeletion,blockingandseveranceofthelink.Ifthenetworkserviceproviderfailstotakethenecessarymeasuresinatimelymannerafterreceiptofthenotice,itshallbearjointandseveralliabilitywiththenetworksubscriberfortheadditionalinjurycaused.
网络服务提供者知道网络用户利用其网络服务侵害他人民事权益，未采取必要措施的，与该网络用户承担连带责任。
Ifanetworkserviceproviderisawarethatanetworksubscriberisusingitsnetworkservicestocommitatortagainstthecivilrightsorinterestsofanotherandfailstotakethenecessarymeasures,itshallbearjointandseveralliabilitywiththenetworksubscriber.
第三十七条宾馆、商场、银行、车站、娱乐场所等公共场所的管理人或者群众性活动的组织者，未尽到安全保障义务，造成他人损害的，应当承担侵权责任。
Article37:Ifthemanagerofpremisesusedbythepublic,suchasahotel,shoppingmall,bank,busortrainstation,orplaceofentertainment,ortheorganiserofamassactivityfailstofulfilhis/her/itsobligationofensuringsafety,resultingininjurytoanother,he/she/itshallbeartortliability.
因第三人的行为造成他人损害的，由第三人承担侵权责任；管理人或者组织者未尽到安全保障义务的，承担相应的补充责任。
Ifanactcommittedbyathirdpartycausesinjurytoanother,thethirdpartyshallbeartortliability;ifthemanagerororganiserfailedtofulfilhis/her/itsobligationofensuringsafety,he/she/itshallbearthecorrespondingsupplementaryliability.
第三十八条无民事行为能力人在幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构学习、生活期间受到人身损害的，幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构应当承担责任，但能够证明尽到教育、管理职责的，不承担责任。
Article38:Ifapersonwithnocivilcapacitysustainsaphysicalinjurywhilestudyingorlivingatakindergarten,schoolorothereducationalinstitution,thekindergarten,schoolorothereducationalinstitutionshallbeliable,unlessitisabletoshowthatitfulfilleditseducationalandmanagementduties,inwhichcaseitshallnotbeliable.
第三十九条限制民事行为能力人在学校或者其他教育机构学习、生活期间受到人身损害，学校或者其他教育机构未尽到教育、管理职责的，应当承担责任。
Article39:Ifapersonwithlimitedcivilcapacitysustainsaphysicalinjurywhilestudyingorlivingataschoolorothereducationalinstitution,theschoolorothereducationalinstitutionshallbeliableifitfailedtofulfilitseducationalandmanagementduties.
第四十条无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人在幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构学习、生活期间，受到幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构以外的人员人身损害的，由侵权人承担侵权责任；幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构未尽到管理职责的，承担相应的补充责任。
Article40:Ifapersonwithnoorlimitedcivilcapacity,whilestudyingorlivingatakindergarten,schoolorothereducationalinstitution,sustainsaphysicalinjurycausedbyapersonotherthanthepersonnelofthekindergarten,schoolorothereducationalinstitution,thetortfeasorshallbeartortliability.Ifthekindergarten,schoolorothereducationalinstitutionfailedtofulfilitsmanagementduties,itshallbearthecorrespondingsupplementaryliability.
第五章产品责任
PartFive:Productliability
第四十一条因产品存在缺陷造成他人损害的，生产者应当承担侵权责任。
Article41:Ifinjuryiscausedtoanotherduetoadefectinaproduct,theproducershallbeartortliability.
第四十二条因销售者的过错使产品存在缺陷，造成他人损害的，销售者应当承担侵权责任。
Article42:Ifinjuryiscausedtoanotherduetoaproductdefectthatdevelopedasaresultofthefaultoftheseller,thesellershallbeartortliability.
销售者不能指明缺陷产品的生产者也不能指明缺陷产品的供货者的，销售者应当承担侵权责任。
Ifthesellerisunabletonametheproducerorsupplierofthedefectiveproduct,thesellershallbeartortliability.
第四十三条因产品存在缺陷造成损害的，被侵权人可以向产品的生产者请求赔偿，也可以向产品的销售者请求赔偿。
Article43:Wheninjuryiscausedduetoadefectinaproduct,theinjuredpersonmaydemandindemnificationfromtheproduceroftheproduct,orfromtheselleroftheproduct.
产品缺陷由生产者造成的，销售者赔偿后，有权向生产者追偿。
Ifthedefectintheproductwascausedbytheproducer,thesellershallhavetheright,afterpayingindemnification,torecoverthesamefromtheproducer.
因销售者的过错使产品存在缺陷的，生产者赔偿后，有权向销售者追偿。
Ifthedefectintheproductdevelopedduetothefaultoftheseller,theproducershallhavetheright,afterpayingindemnification,torecoverthesamefromtheseller.
第四十四条因运输者、仓储者等第三人的过错使产品存在缺陷，造成他人损害的，产品的生产者、销售者赔偿后，有权向第三人追偿。
Article44:Ifadefectthatdevelopsinaproductduetothefaultofthecarrier,warehouserorothersuchthirdpartycausesinjurytoanother,theproducerorsellershallhavetheright,afterpayingindemnification,torecoverthesamefromthethirdparty.
第四十五条因产品缺陷危及他人人身、财产安全的，被侵权人有权请求生产者、销售者承担排除妨碍、消除危险等侵权责任。
Article45:Ifadefectinaproductjeopardisesthesafetyofanotherorthesafetyofthepropertyofanother,theinjuredpersonshallhavetherighttodemandthattheproducerorsellerbeartortliabilitybyeliminatingtheobstruction,eradicatingthedanger,etc.
第四十六条产品投入流通后发现存在缺陷的，生产者、销售者应当及时采取警示、召回等补救措施。未及时采取补救措施或者补救措施不力造成损害的，应当承担侵权责任。
Article46:If,afterbeingplacedonthemarket,aproductisfoundtocontainadefect,theproducerorsellershalltakeremedialactioninatimelymannersuchasissuingawarningorrecallingtheproduct.Ifinjuryiscausedduetoafailuretotakeremedialactioninatimelymannerorduetoineffectiveimplementationofsuchaction,theproducerorsellershallbeartortliability.
第四十七条明知产品存在缺陷仍然生产、销售，造成他人死亡或者健康严重损害的，被侵权人有权请求相应的惩罚性赔偿。
Article47:Ifaproducerorsellerhasclearknowledgethataproductcontainsadefectbutnonethelesscontinuestoproduceorsellthesame,resultinginthedeathofanotherorseriousharmtothehealthofanother,theinjuredpersonshallhavetherighttodemandcommensuratepunitivedamages.
第六章机动车交通事故责任
PartSix:Liabilityarisingfrommotorvehicletrafficaccidents
第四十八条机动车发生交通事故造成损害的，依照道路交通安全法的有关规定承担赔偿责任。
Article48:Ifamotorvehicleisinvolvedinatrafficaccidentthatcausesinjurytoanother,damagesshallbeborneinaccordancewithrelevantprovisionsoftheRoadTrafficSafetyLaw.
第四十九条因租赁、借用等情形机动车所有人与使用人不是同一人时，发生交通事故后属于该机动车一方责任的，由保险公司在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内予以赔偿。不足部分，由机动车使用人承担赔偿责任；机动车所有人对损害的发生有过错的，承担相应的赔偿责任。
Article49:If,duetoleasing,borrowingorothersuchcircumstance,theowneranduserofamotorvehiclearedifferentpersonsandaftertheoccurrenceofatrafficaccidentthepartywiththemotorvehicleisdeterminedtoberesponsibletherefor,theindemnityshallbepaidbytheinsurancecompanyuptotheliabilitylimitofthemandatoryvehicleinsurance.Theuserofthemotorvehicleshallbeliableforindemnificationofanyshortfall.Iftheownerofthemotorvehiclewasalsoatfaultintheoccurrenceoftheinjury,he/sheshallbearthecorrespondingliabilityfordamages.
第五十条当事人之间已经以买卖等方式转让并交付机动车但未办理所有权转移登记，发生交通事故后属于该机动车一方责任的，由保险公司在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内予以赔偿。不足部分，由受让人承担赔偿责任。
Article50:Ifamotorvehiclehasbeentransferredanddeliveredbetweenpartiesbyvirtueofasale,etc.andwhileregistrationofthetransferofownershipremainsoutstandingatrafficaccidentoccursfollowingwhichthepartywiththemotorvehicleisdeterminedtoberesponsibletherefor,theindemnityshallbepaidbytheinsurancecompanyuptotheliabilitylimitofthemandatoryvehicleinsurance.Thetransfereeshallbeliableforindemnificationofanyshortfall.
第五十一条以买卖等方式转让拼装或者已达到报废标准的机动车，发生交通事故造成损害的，由转让人和受让人承担连带责任。
Article51:Ifanassembledmotorvehicleoronethathasreachedthewastevehiclethresholdistransferredbywayofasale,etc.andsuchvehicleisinvolvedinatrafficaccidentthatcausesinjury,thetransferorandtransfereeshallbearjointandseveralliability.
第五十二条盗窃、抢劫或者抢夺的机动车发生交通事故造成损害的，由盗窃人、抢劫人或者抢夺人承担赔偿责任。保险公司在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内垫付抢救费用的，有权向交通事故责任人追偿。
Article52:Ifamotorvehiclethatisstolen,carjackedorforciblytakenisinvolvedinatrafficaccidentthatcausesinjury,thethief,carjackerortakershallbeliablefordamages.Iftheinsurancecompanyadvancesareliefpaymentuptotheliabilitylimitofthemandatoryvehicleinsurance,itshallhavetherighttorecoverthesamefromthepersonwhowasresponsiblefortheaccident.
第五十三条机动车驾驶人发生交通事故后逃逸，该机动车参加强制保险的，由保险公司在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内予以赔偿；机动车不明或者该机动车未参加强制保险，需要支付被侵权人人身伤亡的抢救、丧葬等费用的，由道路交通事故社会救助基金垫付。道路交通事故社会救助基金垫付后，其管理机构有权向交通事故责任人追偿。
Article53:Ifthedriverofamotorvehiclefleesthesceneaftertheoccurrenceofatrafficaccidentandthemotorvehicleiscoveredbymandatoryinsurance,theinsurancecompanyshallpayindemnitiesuptotheliabilitylimitofthemandatoryvehicleinsurance.Ifthemotorvehiclehasnotbeenidentifiedorisnotcoveredbymandatoryinsuranceandtheexpensesoftheinjuredpersonwhohassustainedaphysicalinjuryorhasdied,suchasemergencytreatmentexpensesorfuneralexpensesneedtobepaid,theyshallbeadvancedfromthesocialassistancefundforroadtrafficaccidents.Oncetheroadtrafficaccidentsocialassistancefundhasadvancedsuchexpenses,themanagementorganisationofsuchfundshallhavetherighttorecoverthesamefromthepersonwhowasresponsiblefortheaccident.
第七章医疗损害责任
PartSeven:Liabilityforinjuryresultingfrommedicaltreatment
第五十四条患者在诊疗活动中受到损害，医疗机构及其医务人员有过错的，由医疗机构承担赔偿责任。
Article54:Ifapatientsuffersinjuryinthecourseofdiagnosisortreatmentandthemedicalinstitutionanditsmedicalpersonnelwereatfault,themedicalinstitutionshallbeliablefordamages.
第五十五条医务人员在诊疗活动中应当向患者说明病情和医疗措施。需要实施手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗的，医务人员应当及时向患者说明医疗风险、替代医疗方案等情况，并取得其书面同意；不宜向患者说明的，应当向患者的近亲属说明，并取得其书面同意。
Article55:Medicalpersonnelshall,inthecourseofdiagnosisortreatment,explaintothepatienthis/hermedicalconditionandthetreatmentoptions.Ifanoperation,specialexaminationorspecialtreatmentneedstobecarriedout,themedicalpersonnelshallexplaintothepatientthetreatmentrisks,alternativetreatments,etc.inatimelymannerandobtainhis/herwrittenconsent.Ifitwouldbeinadvisabletoexplaintheforegoingtothepatient,thesameshallbeexplainedtoacloserelativeandthewrittenconsentofsuchcloserelativeshallbeobtained.
医务人员未尽到前款义务，造成患者损害的，医疗机构应当承担赔偿责任。
Ifamedicalworkerfailstofulfiltheobligationssetforthintheprecedingparagraph,resultinginthepatientsufferinginjury,themedicalinstitutionshallbeliablefordamages.
Article56:If,inanemergencysituation,suchasanattempttosaveapatientincriticalcondition,etc.,wheretheopinionsofthepatientorhis/hercloserelativescannotbeobtained,therelevantmedicalinterventionmay,subjecttotheconsentofthepersoninchargeofthemedicalinstitutionortheauthorisedresponsibleperson,beimmediatelycarriedout.
第五十七条医务人员在诊疗活动中未尽到与当时的医疗水平相应的诊疗义务，造成患者损害的，医疗机构应当承担赔偿责任。
Article57:Ifamedicalworkerinthecourseofdiagnosisortreatmentfailstofulfilhis/herdiagnosisortreatmentobligationstoalevelcommensuratewiththestateofmedicineatthetime,causingthepatienttosufferinjury,themedicalinstitutionshallbeliablefordamages.
第五十八条患者有损害，因下列情形之一的，推定医疗机构有过错：
Article58:Ifapatientsuffersinjuryasaresultofanyofthefollowingcircumstances,themedicalinstitutionshallbepresumedtohavebeenatfault:
（一）违反法律、行政法规、规章以及其他有关诊疗规范的规定；
(1)itviolatedalaw,administrativeregulations,aruleorotherprovisionsonmedicalprotocol;
（二）隐匿或者拒绝提供与纠纷有关的病历资料；
(2)itconcealsorrefusestoprovidecasehistorymaterialsthatarerelevanttoadispute;or
（三）伪造、篡改或者销毁病历资料。
(3)itforges,altersordestroyscasehistorymaterials.
第五十九条因药品、消毒药剂、医疗器械的缺陷，或者输入不合格的血液造成患者损害的，患者可以向生产者或者血液提供机构请求赔偿，也可以向医疗机构请求赔偿。患者向医疗机构请求赔偿的，医疗机构赔偿后，有权向负有责任的生产者或者血液提供机构追偿。
Article59:Ifapatientsuffersinjuryduetoadefectinadrug,sterilisingagent,medicalequipmentormedicalinstrumentoratransfusionoftaintedblood,thepatientmaydemandindemnificationfromtheproducerorthebloodprovider,orfromthemedicalinstitution.Ifthepatientdemandsindemnificationfromthemedicalinstitution,themedicalinstitutionshallhavetheright,afterpayingsuchindemnification,torecoverthesamefromtheliableproducerorbloodprovider.
第六十条患者有损害，因下列情形之一的，医疗机构不承担赔偿责任：
Article60:Ifapatientsuffersinjuryasaresultofanyofthefollowingcircumstances,themedicalinstitutionshallnotbeliablefordamages:
（一）患者或者其近亲属不配合医疗机构进行符合诊疗规范的诊疗；
(1)thepatientorhis/hercloserelativesfailtoco-operatewiththemedicalinstitutionincarryingoutadiagnosisortreatmentthatcomplieswithmedicalprotocol;
（二）医务人员在抢救生命垂危的患者等紧急情况下已经尽到合理诊疗义务；
(2)medicalpersonnelhavefulfilledtheirreasonablediagnosticand/ortreatmentobligationsinanemergencysituation,suchasanattempttosaveapatientincriticalcondition;or
（三）限于当时的医疗水平难以诊疗。
(3)thepatientwasdifficulttodiagnoseortreatduetothelimitsofmedicalknowledgeatthetime.
前款第一项情形中，医疗机构及其医务人员也有过错的，应当承担相应的赔偿责任。
If,inthecircumstancesetforthinItem(1)oftheprecedingparagraph,themedicalinstitutionanditsmedicalpersonnelwerealsoatfault,theyshallbearthecorrespondingdamages.
第六十一条医疗机构及其医务人员应当按照规定填写并妥善保管住院志、医嘱单、检验报告、手术及麻醉记录、病理资料、护理记录、医疗费用等病历资料。
Article61:Amedicalinstitutionanditsmedicalpersonnelshallwriteupanddulykeepinaccordancewithregulationscasehistorymaterialssuchasadmittancelogs,physician’sorders,testreports,operationandanesthetisationrecords,pathologicalinformation,nursingrecordsandmedicalexpenses.
患者要求查阅、复制前款规定的病历资料的，医疗机构应当提供。
Ifapatientaskstorevieworphotocopythecasehistorymaterialsspecifiedintheprecedingparagraph,themedicalinstitutionshallprovidethesame.
第六十二条医疗机构及其医务人员应当对患者的隐私保密。泄露患者隐私或者未经患者同意公开其病历资料，造成患者损害的，应当承担侵权责任。
Article62:Amedicalinstitutionanditsmedicalpersonnelshallmaintaintheprivacyoftheirpatients.Theyshallbeartortliabilityifapatient’sprivatemattersaredivulgedorhis/hercasehistorymaterialsaremadepublicwithouthis/herconsent,causinghim/hertosufferinjury.
第六十三条医疗机构及其医务人员不得违反诊疗规范实施不必要的检查。
Article63:Amedicalinstitutionanditsmedicalpersonnelmaynotconductunnecessaryexaminationinbreachofmedicalprotocol.
第六十四条医疗机构及其医务人员的合法权益受法律保护。干扰医疗秩序，妨害医务人员工作、生活的，应当依法承担法律责任。
Article64:Thelawfulrightsandinterestsofmedicalinstitutionsandtheirmedicalpersonnelareprotectedbylaw.Ifapersonupsetsthemedicalorderordisruptstheworkorlifeofamedicalworker,he/she/itshallbearlegalliabilityinaccordancewiththelaw.
第八章环境污染责任
PartEight:Liabilityforpollutionoftheenvironment
第六十五条因污染环境造成损害的，污染者应当承担侵权责任。
Article65:Ifinjuryiscausedduetopollutionoftheenvironment,thepollutershallbeartortliability.
第六十六条因污染环境发生纠纷，污染者应当就法律规定的不承担责任或者减轻责任的情形及其行为与损害之间不存在因果关系承担举证责任。
Article66:Inadisputearisingduetopollutionoftheenvironment,thepollutershallbeartheburdenofprovingtheexistenceoftheexculpatoryormitigatingcircumstancesspecifiedinlawandtheabsenceofcausationbetweenhis/her/itsactandtheinjury.
第六十七条两个以上污染者污染环境，污染者承担责任的大小，根据污染物的种类、排放量等因素确定。
Article67:Iftwoormorepollutershavepollutedtheenvironment,theextentoftheirrespectiveliabilityshallbedeterminedonthebasisoffactorssuchasthetypeofpollutantandthevolumedischarged.
第六十八条因第三人的过错污染环境造成损害的，被侵权人可以向污染者请求赔偿，也可以向第三人请求赔偿。污染者赔偿后，有权向第三人追偿。
Article68:Iftheenvironmentispollutedduetothefaultofathirdparty,therebycausinginjury,theinjuredpersonmaydemandindemnificationfromthepolluter,orfromthethirdparty.Thepollutershallhavetheright,afterpayingtheindemnification,torecoverthesamefromthethirdparty.
第九章高度危险责任
PartNine:Liabilityarisingfromhighriskcircumstances
第六十九条从事高度危险作业造成他人损害的，应当承担侵权责任。
Article69:Ifapersonengagesinahigh-riskoperation,causinginjurytoanother,he/sheshallbeartortliability.
第七十条民用核设施发生核事故造成他人损害的，民用核设施的经营者应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因战争等情形或者受害人故意造成的，不承担责任。
Article70:Ifanuclearaccidentoccursataciviliannuclearfacility,causinginjurytoanother,theoperatorofsuchfacilityshallbeartortliability,unlesssuchoperatorisabletoshowthattheinjurywascausedbywarorothersuchcircumstanceorbyawillfulactbythevictim,inwhichcasetheoperatorshallnotbeliable.
第七十一条民用航空器造成他人损害的，民用航空器的经营者应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因受害人故意造成的，不承担责任。
Article71:Ifacivilianaircraftcausesinjurytoanother,theoperatorofsuchaircraftshallbeartortliability,unlesssuchoperatorisabletoshowthattheinjurywascausedbyawillfulactofthevictim,inwhichcasetheoperatorshallnotbeliable.
第七十二条占有或者使用易燃、易爆、剧毒、放射性等高度危险物造成他人损害的，占有人或者使用人应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因受害人故意或者不可抗力造成的，不承担责任。被侵权人对损害的发生有重大过失的，可以减轻占有人或者使用人的责任。
Article72:Ifthepossessionoruseofaflammable,explosive,highlytoxic,radioactiveorothersuchhighlydangeroussubstancecausesinjurytoanother,thepossessororusershallbeartortliability,unlesssuchpossessororuserisabletoshowthattheinjurywascausedbyawillfulactofthevictimorforcemajeure,inwhichcasethepossessororusershallnotbeliable.Iftheinjuredpersonwasgrosslyatfaultintheoccurrenceoftheinjury,theliabilityofthepossessororusermaybereduced.
第七十三条从事高空、高压、地下挖掘活动或者使用高速轨道运输工具造成他人损害的，经营者应当承担侵权责任，但能够证明损害是因受害人故意或者不可抗力造成的，不承担责任。被侵权人对损害的发生有过失的，可以减轻经营者的责任。
Article73:Iftheengagementinanactivityhighoverhead,anactivityinvolvinghighvoltageoranactivityinvolvingundergroundexcavationoriftheuseofahighspeedrailway-basedmeansoftransportresultsininjurytoanother,theoperatorshallbeartortliability,unlesssuchoperatorisabletoshowthattheinjurywascausedbyawillfulactofthevictimorforcemajeure,inwhichcasetheoperatorshallnotbeliable.Iftheinjuredpersonwasatfaultintheoccurrenceoftheinjury,theliabilityoftheoperatormaybereduced.
第七十四条遗失、抛弃高度危险物造成他人损害的，由所有人承担侵权责任。所有人将高度危险物交由他人管理的，由管理人承担侵权责任；所有人有过错的，与管理人承担连带责任。
Article74:Ifthelossorabandonmentofahighlydangeroussubstanceresultsininjurytoanother,theownershallbeartortliability.Iftheownerhadplacedthehighlydangeroussubstanceunderthecontrolofanother,thepersonunderwhosecontrolthesubstancewasplacedshallbeartortliability;iftheownerwasalsoatfault,he/she/itshallbearjointandseveralliabilitywiththepersonunderwhosecontrolthesubstancewasplaced.
第七十五条非法占有高度危险物造成他人损害的，由非法占有人承担侵权责任。所有人、管理人不能证明对防止他人非法占有尽到高度注意义务的，与非法占有人承担连带责任。
Article75:Iftheunlawfulpossessionofahighlydangeroussubstanceresultsininjurytoanother,theunlawfulpossessorshallbeartortliability.Iftheownerorthepersonunderwhosecontrolthesubstancewasplacedisunabletoshowthathe/she/itfulfilledhis/herdutyofextremecaresoastopreventunlawfulpossessionbyanother,he/she/itshallbearjointandseveralliabilitywiththeunlawfulpossessor.
第七十六条未经许可进入高度危险活动区域或者高度危险物存放区域受到损害，管理人已经采取安全措施并尽到警示义务的，可以减轻或者不承担责任。
地址：佛山市禅城区岭南大道北131号碧桂城市花园南区三栋24楼广东龙浩律师事务所邮编：528000