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SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith―orevenlookingat―astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,evenwithouta1onasubway.
It’sasadreality―ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings―becausethere’s2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn’tknowit，3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalprotectionsendsthe4:“Pleasedon’tapproachme.”
Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens
Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoach.Wefearrejection，orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as“weird.”Wefearwe’llbe7.Wefearwe’llbedisruptive.
Strangersareinherently8tous，sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisuneasiness,we10toourphones.“Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,”Wortmannsays.“Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11.”
Butonceweripoffthebandaid，tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup，itdoesn’t12sobad.Inoneexperiment，behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14.“WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,”TheNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn’texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,“notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeenembarrassed.”
18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosewithoutcommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.It’sthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.
1.A.ticketB.permitC.signalD.record
2.A.nothingB.littleC.anotherD.much
3.A.beatenB.guidedC.pluggedD.brought
4.A.messageB.codeC.noticeD.sign
5.A.underB.beyondC.behindD.from
6.A.misinterpretedB.misappliedC.misadjustedD.mismatched
7.A.firedB.judgedC.replacedD.delayed
8.A.unreasonableB.ungratefulC.unconventionalD.unfamiliar
9.A.comfortableB.anxiousC.confidentD.angry
10.A.attendB.pointC.takeD.turn
11.A.dangerousB.mysteriousC.violentD.boring
12.A.hurtB.resistC.bendD.decay
13.A.lectureB.conversationC.debateD.negotiation
14.A.traineesB.employeesC.researchersD.passengers
15.A.revealB.chooseC.predictD.design
16.A.voyageB.flightC.walkD.ride
17.A.wentthroughB.didawayC.caughtupD.putup
18.A.InturnB.InparticularC.InfactD.Inconsequence
19.A.unlessB.sinceC.ifD.whereas
20.A.funnyB.simpleC.logicalD.rare
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologybereplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2.Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.
Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.6,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor7Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting9poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.
Butitdoesn’t11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe13ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancedforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.
Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork,Ioftenfeel18,”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”―perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.
1.[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring
【答案】[C]warning
2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty
【答案】[A]inequality
3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction
【答案】[D]prediction
4.[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured
【答案】[A]characterized
5.[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom
【答案】[B]meaning
6.[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless
【答案】[B]Indeed
7.[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated
【答案】[C]working
8.[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute
【答案】[A]explanation
9.[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among
【答案】[D]among
10.[A]leavebehind[B]makeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside
【答案】[C]worryabout
11.[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically
【答案】[C]necessarily
12.[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles
【答案】[B]downsides
13.[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course
【答案】[A]absence
14.[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield
【答案】[D]yield
15.[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship
【答案】[C]virtue
16.[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce
【答案】[D]scarce
17.[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats
【答案】[A]demands
18.[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved
【答案】[B]tired
19.[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into
【答案】[D]into
20.[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonal
【答案】[B]professional
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley’sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.
ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“legacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun―upto―butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.
Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.
Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods―makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.
[A]gainedgreatpopularity
[B]createdmanyjobs
[C]strengthenedcommunityties
[D]becomeanofficialfestival
【答案】[A]gainedgreatpopularity
22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon’sOlympic“legacy”hasfailedto.
[A]boostpopulationgrowth
[B]promotesportparticipation
[C]improvethecity’simage
[D]increasesporthoursinschools
【答案】[B]promotesportparticipation
23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.
[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents
[B]focusesonmasscompetition
[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism
[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers
【答案】[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism
24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.
[A]organize“grassroots”sportsevents
[B]superviselocalsportsassociations
[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs
[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities
【答案】[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities
25.Theauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis.
[A]tolerant
[B]critical
[C]uncertain
[D]sympathetic
【答案】[B]critical
Text2
Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”
Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.
Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive―astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice―itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention.“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.
Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit―particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.
26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto______.
[A]simplifyroutinematters
[B]absorbuserattention
[C]betterinterpersonalrelations
[D]increaseworkefficiency
【答案】[B]absorbuserattention
27.Radesky’sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices______.
[A]takesawaybabies’appetite
[B]distractschildren’sattention
[C]slowsdownbabies’verbaldevelopment
[D]reducesmother-childcommunication
【答案】[D]reducesmother-childcommunication
28.Radesky’scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshowthat_______.
[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions
[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange
[C]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’mood
[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren’semotionalneeds
【答案】[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren’semotionalneeds
29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto_______.
[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies
[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear
[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren
[D]remainconcernedaboutkid’suseofscreens
【答案】[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren
30.AccordingtoTronick,kid’suseofscreensmay_______.
[A]givetheirparentssomefreetime
[B]maketheirparentsmorecreative
[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework
[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive
【答案】[A]givetheirparentssomefreetime
Text3
Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn’titAndaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn’tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn’tacademic.
Butwhilethismaybetrue,it’snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.There’salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits―infact,itprobablyenhancesit.
StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges―allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.
Ifyou’renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.It’snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.
31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat.
[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading
[B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege
[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers
[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses
【答案】[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers
32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps.
[A]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic
[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers
[C]easefreshmen’sfinancialburdens
[D]relievefreshmenofpressures
【答案】[D]relievefreshmenofpressures
33.Theword“acclimation”(Line8,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto.
[A]adaptation
Readthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDonANSWERSHEET1(10points)
Inourcontemporaryculture，theprospectofcommunicatingwith-orevenlookingat-astrangerisvirtuallyunbearableEveryonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones，evenwithouta1underground
Itsasadreality-ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings-becausetheres2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldntknowit，3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4：Pleasedontapproachme.
Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoachWefearrejection，orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6ascreep,WefearweIIbe7WefearweIIbedisruptiveStrangersareinherently8tous，sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintancesToavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones.Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket，Wortmannsays.Theyareourhappy
glassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11.
Butonceweripoffthebandaid，tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup，itdoesnt12sobad.Inoneexperiment，behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14.WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,theNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidntexpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17with
theexperiment,notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeensnubbed.
18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosesanscommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.Itsthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.
1.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signall[D]record
2.[A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D]much
3.[A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D]brought
4.[A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D]sign
5.[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from
6.[A]misinterprete[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched
7.[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed
8.[A]unreasonable[B]ungreatful[C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar
9.[A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D]angry
10.[A]attend[B]point[C]take[D]turn
11.[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring
12.[A]hurt[B]resis[C]bend[D]decay
13.[A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D]negotiation
14.[A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D]passengers
15.[A]reveal[B]choose[C]predictl[D]design
16.[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride
17.[A]wentthrough[B]didaway[C]caughtup[D]putup
18.[A]Inturn[B]Inparticular[C]Infact[D]Inconsequence
19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas
20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]Iogical[D]rare
答案：
1.signal2.Much3.plugged4.message5.behind
6.misinterpreted7.judged8.unfamiliar9.anxious10.turn
11.dangerous12.hurt13.Conversation14.passengers
15.predict16.ride17.wentthrough18.infact
19.since20.simple
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys.Peopleartactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeoplescortntlol.Whichisitatstressmarker.Whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.
Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,writesoneoftheresearchers.SarahDamaske,Infactwomensaytheyfeelbetteratwork.Shenotes.itismennotwomen.Whoreportbeingbappicrathomethanatwork,Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrcnandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypcoplcwhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.
Whatthestudydoesntmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhentheyreathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,itsnotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.
Butitsnotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhattheyresupposedtobedoing:working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.
Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,oriftheyreteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,theyreyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.
Soitsnotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1，mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome
[A]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation
[B]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace
[C]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement
[D]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace
22.AccordingtoDamaske，whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome
[A]Workingmothers
[B]Childlesshusbands
[C]Childlesswives
[D]Workingfathers
23Theblurringofworkingwomensrolesreferstothefactthay
[A]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives
[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback
[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind
[D]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice
24.Thewordmoola(Line4，4)mostprobablymeans
[A]energy
[B]skills
[C]earnings
[D]nutrition
25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat
[A]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment
[B]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut
[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating
[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded
21.Dofferedgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace
22.Bchildlesshusbands
23.Atheyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives
24.Cearnings
25.Bdivisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut
全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.
Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.
Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.
Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.
Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity_19_.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_20_childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.
1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured
2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome
3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore
4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example
5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern
6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof
7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies
8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart
9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward
10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless
11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste
12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay
13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant
14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency
15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored
16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated
17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only
18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded
19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies
20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Whatwouldyoudowith590mThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.
Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.
Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbuck.”Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.
Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.
21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase
[A]Abighouse
[B]Aspecialtour
[C]Astylishcar
[D]Arichmeal
22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat
[A]consumersaresometimesirrational
[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality
[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective
[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure
24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney
[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism
[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase
[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus
[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement
25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto
[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney
[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries
[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent
[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries
AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.
Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.
26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.
[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh
[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect
[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural
[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective
27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______
[A]rapidwatching
[B]consciouschoice
[C]intuitiveresponse
[D]automaticself-defence
28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto______
[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities
[B]believeintheirattractiveness
[C]coveruptheirdepressions
[D]oversimplifytheirillusions
29.Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_____.
[A]instinctively
[B]occasionally
[C]particularly
[D]aggressively
30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan_____.
[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles
[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles
[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits
[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides
Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain_1_thattechnologybereplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby_2_.Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.
Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive_3_holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one_4_bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives_5_,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed._6_,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor_7_Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe_8_forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting_9_poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany_10_theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.
Butitdoesn’t_11_followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe_12_ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe_13_ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould_14_strikinglydifferentcircumstancedforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the_15_ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.
Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively_16_formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional_17_oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork,Ioftenfeel_18_,”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”―perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself_19_ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor_20_matters.
【答案】C
【解析】答案为C。动词词义辨析。作家学者警示人们技术会代替人类劳动。boast吹嘘、自负。deny否认。ensure确保。warning警示，警告。
【答案】A
【解析】答案为A。上下文理解。根据后文富人会拥有所有资产，贫困地区也会扎堆，可以看出此处想表达不平等的意思。inequality不平等，instability不稳定性，unreliability不可靠性，uncertainty不确定性。
【答案】D
【解析】答案为D。词义辨析。policy政策，guideline指导方针，resolution决心，prediction预测。该句意为：另外一种预测认为……。
【解析】答案为A。动词词义辨析。该句意为未来社会的特点是无目的性。
【答案】B
【解析】答案为B。词义辨析，上下文理解。没有了工作富裕生活的意义，人们会变得懒散沮丧。其他几项不符合题意。
【解析】答案为B。考查副词。Indeed实际上，那些失业者生活并不美好。
【解析】答案为C。上下文理解。前面提到失业的美国人在和工作的美国人做对比。
【解析】答案为A。词义辨析。死亡率升高，心理健康问题等是因为没有工资待遇较好的工作，这就解释了原因问题。Explanation符合题意。
【解析】答案为D。介词辨析。没有受到良好教育的中年人中间这些问题比较严重。
【解析】答案为C。固定搭配意思辨析。Worryabout担心，leavebehind丢弃，使落后makeup组成，setaside留出，把……放在一旁。该句意为这就是为什么人们担心未来无工作的无聊。
【解析】答案为C。副词词义辨析。Necessarily必然地，statistically统计地，occasionally偶然地，economically经济上地。该句想表达并不必然的意思。
【解析】答案为A。固定搭配。Inabsenceof缺乏，inheightof在…高度，infaceof面临，incourseof在…中。该句意为如果没有工作，也就是inabsenceofjob。
【解析】答案为D。动词词义辨析。没有工作的社会能为人们带来放松。Yield有获得，带来的意思，disturb打扰，妨碍，restore恢复，交还，exclude排斥
【解析】答案为C。词义辨析。根据后面工作的缺点可以推测此处想表达工作的优点被过分夸大了。virtue优点，好处。
【解析】答案为B。词义理解。下班回到家感觉到疲惫。Starved饥饿的。
【解析】答案为D。固定搭配和介词使用。Throwinto投身于，throwoff摆脱，throwagainst扔掉，throwbehind抛开。投身到自己的爱好之中。
【解析】答案为B。词义辨析。一些需要专业技能的项目。
Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“legacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches。Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun―upto―butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers。
Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods―makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation。Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.
1.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas______.
Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreatedadoxinthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhascontinuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthancloseachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalSciense.
Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.
Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindinsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants，afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed，whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree
Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudentsTheycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.
Manyfirst-generationstudentsstruggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation，learntherulesofthegame，andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,theywriteAndthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdonttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudentsBecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudentseducationalexperience，manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove
26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas
[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates
[B]narrowedtheachievementgao
[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose
[D]depressedcollegestudents
27Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause
[A]theproblemissolvable
[B]theirapproachiscostless
[qtherecruitingratehasincreased
[D]theirfindingappealtostudents
28Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents
[A]studyatprivateuniversities
[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies
[qareinneedoffinancialsupport
[D]havefailedtheircollage
29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents
[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap
[B]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents
[C]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects
[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege
30.Wemayinferfromthelastgraphthat
[A]universitiesoftenr~ectthecultureofthemiddle-class
[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources
[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences
[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion
26.Cmisseditsoriginalpurpose
27.Atheproblemissolvable
28.Careinneedoffinancialsupport
29.Dareinexperiencedinhandlingissuesatcollege
30.Dcollegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion
Evenintraditionaloffices，thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago，saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehnShestartedspinningoffexamples.IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990，wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikeJourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals，therewerestrategies，thereweretives，butwedidnttalkaboutenergy;wedidnttalkaboutpassion.
Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisveryteam-oriented-andnotbycoincidence.LetsnotforgetsDorts-inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica，itsstillabigdeal.Itsnotexplicitlyconscious;itstheideathatImacoach，andyouremyteam，andwereinthistogethec.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies，butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.
Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning-and，asKhuranapointsout，increaseallegiancetothefirm.Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations：Termslikevision，values，passion，andpurpose，saidKhurana
Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalanceThemommywarsofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcanthaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandbergsLeanIn，whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehomeButifyourworkisyourpassion,youIIbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit，evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed
Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak：Everyonemakesfunofit，butmanagersloveit，companiesdependonit，andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbitAsNunbergsaid，Youcangetpeopletothinkitsnonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.Inaworkplacethatsfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaningofficespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork-andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare
31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome
[A]moreemotional
[B]moretive
[C]lessenergetic
[D]lessenergetic
[E]lessstrategic
32.team-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto
[A]historicalincidents
[B]genderdifference
[C]sportsculture
[D]athleticexecutives
33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto
[A]revivehistoricalterms
[B]promotecompanyimage
[C]fostercorporatecooperation
[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty
34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn
[A]voicesforworkingwomen
[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics
[C]triggersdcbatesamongmommies
[D]praisesmotivatedemployees
35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak
[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit
[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense
[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental
[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit
31.Amoreemotional
32.Csportsculture
33.Dstrengthenemployeeloyalty
34.Avoicesforworkingwomen
35.Ccompaniesfindittobefundamental
Text4
Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreporledforJure,alongwiththedropintheunemploymenttaketo6Jpercent.atgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.
Howeverthereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwastargelyovedookcd.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(4,4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.
BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakinganimportantdistinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeworkisevidenceofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemakingendsmeet.
Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.
Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleiftheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheanswerisyes.theyareclassifiedasworkingpart-time.Thesurveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyelassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.
Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecanseoneofthemainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsorfamilymrswithserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.
However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsurancethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.
36.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected
A.Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.
B.Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.
C.Thepossibilityoffullemployment.
D.Theaccelerationofjobcreation.
37.Manypeopleworkpart-timebecausethey
A.preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobs
B.feelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeet
C.cannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobs
D.haventseentheweaknessofthemarket
38.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentintheUS
A.ishardertoacquirethanoneyearago
B.showsageneraltendencyofdecline
C.satisfiestherealneedofthejobless
D.islowerthanbeforetherecession
39.ItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare,.
A.itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsurance
B.employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsurance
C.itisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymrs
D.full-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsurance
40.Thetextmainlydiscusses.
A.employmentintheUS
B.part-timerclassification
C.insurancethroughMedicaid
D.Obamacarestrouble
36.Btheincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs
37.Ccannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobs
38.Bshowsageneraltendencyofdecline
39.Bemploymentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsurance
40.AemploymentintheUS
SomeOldTruthstoHelpYouOvercorneToucghTimes
Uefortunately,lifeisnotabedofroses,Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsadexperiences.Moreover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,arontanticrelatlonshlpofahouse.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyoushouldremrthattheywontlastforever.
Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstandingandrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureandeventallymoveastowardfutureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.IwanttosharetheseoldtruthsIvelearnedalongtheway.
41.
Fearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectusbysignalingdangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunately,peoplecreateinnerbarrierswithahelpofexaggeratingfears.Myfavoriteactorwillsmithoncesaid,Fearisnotreal.Itisaproductofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisachoice.Idocompletelyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination.
42.
Ifyouarebyand
43..
Sometimesitiscasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes.Youcanbeeasilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseandappreciatethethingsyouhave.Onlystrongpeopleprefertosmileandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingandcomplainingaboutsomething.
44..
Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,youshouldalwaysremrthatyouarenotalone.Trytokeepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantstohelpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,especiallyyourdearestandnearestpeople,Youmayhaveacircleoffriendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,helpandcompanionship.Ifyouhavenofriendsorrelatives.Trytoparticipateinseveralonlinecommunities,fullofpeoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadviceandcncouragement.
45.
Todaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandseekbalancebygainingtivityfromexternalsources.Thiswayyoudevalueyouropinionandshowthatyouareincapableofmanagingyourofownlife.Whenyouarestrugglingtoachievesomethingimportantyoushouldbelieveinyourselfandbesurethatyourdecisionisthebest.Youliveinyourskin,thinkyourownthoughts,haveyourownvaluesandmakeyourownchoices.
41.DMostofyourfearsareunreal
42.EThinkabouttheresentmoment
43.GTherearemanythingstobegratefulfor
44.Ayouarenotalone
45.CPaveyourownuniquepath
Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomforubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.
Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.
Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoclicitassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.
Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.
Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.
AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(药物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye”syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.
AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.
31.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.
A)sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican
B)cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy
C)cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeople
D)onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed
32.Whatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears”(Line6,Para,1)referto
A)Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.
B)Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.
C)Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.
D)Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.
33.“Counterproductive”(Lines6-7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“________”.
A)havingnoeffectatall
B)leadingtotension
C)producingdisastrousimpact
D)harmfultohealth
34.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying
A)Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.
B)Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival.
C)Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.
D)Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.
35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears
A)Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.
B)Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.
C)Emotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye”syndromeinsomecases.
D)Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.
Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.
WhyisthatTosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.
Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.
Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.
Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.
Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.
Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.
36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector__
[A]hasattractedmuchattention
[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors
[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility
[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy
37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas__
[A]increaseditshomesupply
[B]offeredspendingopportunities
[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases
[D]disappointedthegovernment
38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_______.
[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing
[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes
[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt
[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast
39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_______.
[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders
[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference
[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments
[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities
40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay______.