本页的封面是英文第一版精装本的封面,文字介绍来自书籍包装。
1767年,柯西莫(CosimoPiovascodiRondo)12岁,他是一个具有反叛精神的意大利贵族。一天,他魔鬼似的姐姐贝蒂斯塔做了一些令人毛骨悚然的菜,比如被砍去头的蜗牛,他父亲命令他把这些菜吃下去。为了对抗父亲的专制和不公正,柯西莫象同龄的孩子会做的那样,他爬到了树上。但和别的孩子不一样,从此他拒绝再下来。
无论何时何地他都在传播真理和正义,他对偷水果的小偷和贵族都同样友好。他将当地一个最让人害怕的大盗变成了孜孜不倦的书迷,大盗对文学的热情导致了最终他本行的荒废。女人们也很愿意来到树枝上和柯西莫在一起。她们中最勇敢的是维奥拉,她出生在意大利以外,金发碧眼,她和柯西莫的感情纠葛是小说中最激烈,最不同凡响的一部分。
这部优美的小说对18世纪的生活和文学进行了充满想象的讽刺。对比伏尔泰讽刺性的虚构作品,卡尔维诺的《树上的男爵》在对崇高和荒谬的把握上展示了非凡的效果。1959年Einaudi出版社第一版。1959年兰登书屋英文第一版,ArchibaldColquhoun翻译。
In1767,whenhewastwelveyearsold,arebelliousItaliannobleman,CosimoPiovascodiRondo,reactedagainsthisfather'sauthoritarianismandtheinjusticeofbeingforcedtoeatmacabredishes—beheadedsnailsamongthem—preparedbyhisdiabolicalsisterBattista.Heclimbedatree,asboysthatagearewonttodo.Unlikeotherboys,Cosimonevercamedown.
TheBaronintheTreesisthewonderfullywittynovelofCosimo'suniquearborealexistence.Fromthetrees,Cosimoexplained,hecouldseetheearthmoreclearly.Freefromthehumdrumroutineofanearthboundexistence,theBaronhadfantasticadventureswithpirates,womenandspies,andstillhadtimetoread,study,andponderthedeeperissuesoftheperiod.HecorrespondedwithDiderotandRousseau,becomeamilitarystrategist,andoutstaredNapoleonwhentheEmperorpaidhimavisit.
Dispensingtruthandjusticefromwhereverhemightbe,theBaronwasfriendtofruitthievesandnoblemenalike.heconvertedthemostfearedbanditintheareaintoadedicatedbookworm,whosepassionforliteratureledtohisprofessionaldownfall.WomenwerequitewillingtogooutonalimbforCosimo.ThemostdaringofallwasViola,theexoticblondewhoseloveaffairwithCosimoisoneofthemostintenseandextraordinaryinfiction.
Thisbeautifullywrittennovelisahighlyimaginativesatireof18thcenturylifeandletters.ReminiscentofVoltaire'ssatiricalromances,TheBaronintheTreesdisplaystodazzlingeffectItaloCalvino'ssuresenseofthesublimeandtheridiculous.OriginallypublishedbyEinaudiin1959.PublishedbyRandomHouse,1959.TranslatedbyArchibaldColquhoun.
《不存在的骑士》和《分成两半的子爵》
这两个中篇,加上早先的《树上的男爵》,组成了一套充满智慧的寓言似的幻想小说三部曲。它们后来在意大利以“我们的祖先”为标题,重新出版。《不存在的骑士》故意对骑士小说进行了笨拙的模仿。故事中不可能的英雄阿格利鲁尔夫是一套空的盔甲,但又确确实实有英勇的战斗表现,这招来其他骑士的憎恨,以及一个活跃的女骑士布蕾达美特的爱,此外一个对战斗着迷的理想主义者兼志愿者雷姆巴特则对他无比崇拜。阿格利鲁尔夫为了保住骑士的名誉,被迫找遍欧洲以证实他十五年前救过的一个处女的清白。在他的寻找中(对中世纪传奇小说的必有情节的滑稽模仿),他躲开寡妇普蕾斯茜尔拉的勾引,从苏丹的后宫里救出那个不情愿的处女。
《分成两半的子爵》发生在中世纪后期,是一个关于泰拉尔巴的梅达尔多子爵的令人恐怖的故事,子爵在他第一次和土耳其人作战中被一枚炮弹正好炸成两半。他回到奥地利的领地--从字面上说,是半个人--,成为了邪恶的化身,他送给孩子毒蘑菇,将忠心的奶妈赶到麻风村,对一个美丽的牧羊女进行吸血鬼似的求爱。当子爵的另一半奇迹似的出现,并试图消除这些伤害时,宿命中的冲突就不可避免了,小说皆大欢喜的结尾和故事本身一样令人惊奇。作为一个现代人的寓言(被孤立,被伤害),这部小说有深刻的寓意。作为对有关好人与魔鬼的基督教寓言的故意模仿,这部小说也是机智和清新的。Einaudi出版社1951年和1959年初版,1962年兰登书屋英语第一版,ArchibaldColquhoun翻译。
Thetwonovellas,togetherwithCalvino'spreviouslypublishedTheBaronintheTrees,makeawittytrilogyofallegoricalfantasy.WasrepublishedinItalyunderthetitleOurAncestors.TheNonexistentKnightisanearthyparodyofchivalryandknighthood.Agilulf,theimprobableheroofthistale,isanemptysuitofarmor,yetheistheessenceofmilitaryperfection,resentedbyhisfellowpaladins,lovedbyBradamante,adashingfemaleknight,andadmiredbyRaimbaut,anidealisticvolunteerwhoiseagerfortheglamourofwar.Inordertoretainhisknightlyrank,AgilulfisforcedtoscourEuropetoverifythechastityofavirginherescuedfifteenyearsbefore.Hisquest,aburlesqueofthetime-honoredritualsofmedievalromance,findshimevadingtheseductivecharmsofthewidowPriscilla,andrescuingthereluctantvirginfromaSultan'sharem.
TheClovenViscount,setinthelateMiddleAges,isthegrislytaleofviscountMedardodiTerralba,whoinhisfirstbattleagainsttheTurksisneatlycutinhalfbyacannonshot.HereturnstohislandsinAustria—literallyhalfaman—andbecomesthepersonificationofevil,provideschildrenwithpoisonmushrooms,banisheshisfaithfulnursetoalepercolony,andcarriesonaghoulishcourtshipwithabeautifulshepherdess.WhentheotherhalfoftheViscountmiraculouslyappearsonthesceneandtriestoundothedamage,aweirdconflictdevelops,andthehappyendingisnolessstartlingthanthestoryitself.Asanallegoryofmodernman—alienatedandmutilated—thisnovelhasprofoundovertones.AsaparodyoftheChristianparablesofgoodandevil,itisbothwittyandrefreshing.OriginallypublishedbyEinaudiin1951and1959.PublishedbyRandomHouse,1962.TranslatedbyArchibaldColquhoun.《宇宙奇趣》
CosmicomicsisaphantasmagoriaonCreation,anenchantinglyingeniousideawhichtranslatestheoriesabouttheevolutionoftheUniverseintostoriesandmakes"characters"outofmathematicalformulasandsimplecellularstructures.Thenarrator,Qfwfq,spendshischildhoodinthesoundless,timelessvoid;amongtheincandescentcolorsofstellarexplosions,heplayswithhydrogenatomslikemarblesand,sittingastrideagalaxy,chaseshisfriendPfwfparoundthefirmament.Or,asanadolescentonthenewEarth,hehashisfirstshyloveaffairswithAyl,Lll,andMrs.VhdVhd;climbsuptothemoononaladderasitloomshypnoticallybrightoverhim;watchestheplanetfloodwithitsfirstcolorasanatmosphereforms;migratesasanadventurousyoungvertebratefromseatoland;orwandersthedesertedplateausasthelast,lonelydinosaur,desperatelywantingtobelong.Mostdazzlingofall.Qfwfqthinksbackonhisstateasamolluskevolving,eyelesshimself,ashelltodelightalleyes.
Theresultofthisentrancingunionofmathematicsandpoeticimaginationispuredelight.Butmorethanthis:theinfinitiesoftimeandspacecontract,becomingmomentarilyacceptabletothefinitemind,andthereaderglimpseshisowninfinitesimalsignificanceaspartofthecomplexvastnessofthecosmos.OriginallypublishedbyEinaudiin1965.PublishedbyHarcourt,Brace&Worldin1968.TranslatedbyWilliamWeaver.
卡尔维诺将科学概念幻想似的运用到现代生活和文学中,用一种轻盈的明晰无暇的散文体,轻松的将人的思维拓展,令人着迷。Einaudi出版社1967年第一版,Harcourt,Brace&World出版社1969年英文第一版,WilliamWeaver翻译,他因本书的翻译获得了国家图书奖。
Qfwfq,theproteanheroofCosmicomicsdexterouslymovingthroughtimeandspace,solarsystemsandgeologicaleras,takesonanewdimensioninthesetales.Thoughkeepingtohisplayfulways,heheightensthesenseoflinkagebetweenprehumanandpresent-dayexperience,thebiologicaldepth,asitwere,ofourspecies.WemeethimasacommuterfromNewJersey,jugglingthepotentialitiesofageologicalhappeningwiththeactualitiesofthescenearoundhim.Weseehimgooveracliffonaweekendouting,seasbecomingbloodandbloodthesea,inamixtureofmodernandimmemorialexperience.InParis,QfwfqfallsinlovewithafreckledgirlnamedPriscilla,inwhatmaybecalledanintercellularrelationship.
Inthelatterpartofthebook,QfwfqdropsfromviewandCalvinotakesfictiononeboundfurtherintotherealmoflogicandmathematics.Man,lion,andarrowdealdizzyinglywiththetime/spaceproblem;achasewithintenttomurderduringrush-hourtraffictracestheultimatelysavingmethodinthemadness;crossloversarefurthercrossedbythecrazypatternofhighwaydriving-andsoitgoes.
ThemindisstretchedanddazzledbyCalvino'sfantasticapplicationofscientificconceptstomodernlifeandletters,tossedoffairilyinimpeccablylucidprose.OriginallypublishedbyEinaudiin1967.PublishedbyHarcourt,Brace&World,1969.TranslatedbyWilliamWeaver,whoreceivedtheNationalBookAwardforthistranslation.
《看不见的城市》
“形式的清单是永无穷尽的:只要每种形式还没有找到自己的一座城市,新的城市就会不断的产生。一旦各种形式穷尽了它们的变化,孤立出来,城市的末日就开始了。”这句关键的句子最好的描述了作者安排的这个微妙的游戏,以及他魔术般唤起的过去,现在和将来的各种幻象。戈尔·维达尔写道“要讲清像《看不见的城市》这样一本具有不可思议创造力的书的内容,是所有任务中最困难的,也是完全不必要的。”Einaudi出版社1972年第一版,Harcourt,Brace,Jovanovich出版社1974年英语第一版,WilliamWeaver翻译。
Inthismarvelouslyimaginativeworkthatdefiescategories,thevisionaryVenetiantravelerMarcoPoloandKublaiKhan,theagedandmelancholyruleroftheTartars,engageinadialogue.MarcoPoloconjuresupfortheemperortheimagesofcitieshehasvisited—citieswithseductivefemalenames.AsMarcoPolobeginstodescribethem,theyappearjewell-like,asinmedievalmanuscripts.Gradually,histalesencompasselementsofthemodernworld.Thebrightpicturesbecometaintedasthevoyagermovesthroughtimeaswellasspace.intheendtheemperorisleftbroodingovercitiesthatdonotyetexistbutwillcome—suchfuturenightmaresasYahooandBraveNewWorld.
"Thecatalogueofformsisendless:untileveryshapehasfounditscity,thecitieswillcontinuetobeborn.Whentheformsexhausttheirvarietyandcomeapart,theendofcitiesbegins."Thiskeysentencebestdescribesthesubtlegameplayedbytheauthor,thevisionsofpast,present,andfuturehemagicallyevokes.GoreVidalwrotethat"ofalltasks,describingthecontentsofabookisthemostdifficultandinthecaseofamarvelousinventionlikeInvisibleCities,perfectlyirrelevant.OriginallypublishedbyEinaudiin1972.PublishedbyHarcourt,Brace,Jovanovich,1974.TranslatedbyWilliamWeaver.
《观察者》
TheWatcherandOtherStoriesconsistsofthreelongstories.In"TheWatcher,"factpredominatesoverfantasy.ThesettingisCottolengo,acitywithinthecityofTurin,where,hiddenfromsight,therejectsofthehumanrace-cripples,idiots,monsters-arecaredforbytheChurchinaself-containedworldoftheirown.Here,onElectionDay,AmerigoOrmeo,memberofaleft-wingparty,penetratesintotheenemystrongholdtoseethatnoelectionfraudiscommitted.Twoconceptsofmanconfronteachother,movingly,revealingly,andnotwithoutasubtleambiguity.
Intheotherstoriesfantasyrocketsofffromitsbaseinfact."Smog,"writtenin1958,marvelouslyanticipatesapreoccupationwithpollutionthatisraisedtolunaticproportions."TheArgentineAnt"isamasterpieceofsustainedhorrorwithfarcicalundertones,illustratingman'sdefeatbeforeanenemytoosmallandubiquitoustobeovercome."TheWatcher"(Lagiornatad'unoscrutatore)wasoriginallypublishedbyEinaudiin1963;"TheArgentineAnt"("Laformicaargentina")wasoriginallypublishedinBottegheOscureXin1952andinEnglishinAdam,OneAfternoonin1957byCollins;"Smog"("Lanuvoladismog")and"TheArgentineAnt"werealsopublishedinIRaccontiin1958byEinaudi;TheWatcherandOtherStorieswaspublishedbyHarcourtBraceJovanovichin1971.TranslatedbyWilliamWeaver.《如果冬夜,一个旅人》
《如果冬夜,一个旅人》其实不是一部小说,而是十部,每一部都有不同的情节,作者,氛围和风格;每一部都在第一章后嘎然而止,留下悬念。两个读者,一男一女,在这个迷宫中追踪着激起他们兴趣的故事线索。这样下去,《如果冬夜,一个旅人》就和另一本书,来自波兰的有洋葱烧焦气味的《在马尔堡镇外》,不可避免的纠缠在一起了。
当这本书进展下去,又接触到了其他已知和未知的文学作品,其中包括了一种从已灭绝的语言翻译过来的作品,作者从全能鉴赏家的角度调侃的指出了现代文学的变化。那两个晕头转向的读者被紧紧联系在一起,最后他们在一张大床上互相阅读。他们才是这个故事真正的英雄:如果没有能起反应的读者,写作又是为了什么呢它会变得毫无意义。Einaudi出版社1979年第一版,HarcourtBraceJovanovich出版社1981年英语第一版,WilliamWeaver翻译。
Ifonawinter'snightatravelerturnsouttobenotonenovelbutten,eachwithadifferentplot,author,ambiance,style;eachbreaksoffwiththefirstchapter,atthemomentofsuspense.Alabyrinth,noless,inwhichtworeaders,maleandfemale,pursuethestorylinesthatintriguethem.Thus,Ifonawinter'snightatravelergetsinextricablymixedupwithOutsidethetownofMalbork,aworkofunquestionablePolishorigin,redolentofsomewhatcarbonizedonions.
Asthebookbranchesoutintoknownandunknownliteratures,includingatranslationfromanextinctlanguage,theauthor,notwithoutmalice,ringsthechangesofcontemporaryliteraturewithvirtuosoversatility.Thetwobewilderedreaderstietheirownknotsandendupinaking-sizebedforparallelreadings.Theyarethetrueheroesofthetale:forwhatwouldwritingbewithoutresponsivereadersWoulditbeatall.OriginallypublishedbyEinaudiin1979.PublishedbyHarcourtBraceJovanovich,1981.TranslatedbyWilliamWeaver.
卡尔维诺以他不可思议的机智,用塔罗牌的图案和上面的原型人物创造了一系列短篇的幻想故事。在一个童话般的环境--位于茂密森林的腹地中的一座城堡和一个客栈--一群男人和女人偶然的遇在一起。他们被这种奇遇搞得心烦意乱,并且发现他们都失声了。为了交流他们的命运--爱情,战斗,征服,背叛--他们必须一个接一个的用玩游戏的塔罗牌的组合来暗示自己命运中几个场景。一些故事是真正的民间神话传说--帕西发尔(亚瑟王传奇中寻找圣杯的英雄人物),俄狄浦斯,哈姆雷特--但其他完全是卡尔维诺自己的创造。所有这些故事都象一个混合着古老和现代的多棱镜;作者精确的揭示了我们狂热,不稳定的二十世纪世界中的潜在的神话元素,用古代的符号对我们现在的样子进行讽刺挖苦。
卡尔维诺从一套十五世纪漂亮的塔罗牌(其中有八张是按照实际的尺寸和颜色进行了复制的)中得到灵感。一套十八世纪塔罗牌的图案被黑白的复制在这些故事的页边,联起来显示故事的进展。他使用方法正是算命的人使用的方法,但他的方法更复杂;他创造的实际上是一种填字和填图的游戏。这本书在它的创造性上,在对塔罗牌的使用上,在它既优雅又微妙的写法上,都是令人着迷的。Ricci出版社1969年第一版,Einaudi出版社1973年再版,HarcourtBraceJovanovich出版社1976年,1977年英语版,WilliamWeaver翻译。
Withmagicaldexterity,ItaloCalvinousesthedeviceoftarotcardsandtheirarchetypalimagestocreateaseriesofshortfantasticnarratives.Inafairytalesetting-acastleandatavernintheheartofadensewood-acompanyofmenandwomenarebroughttogetherbychance.Distraughtbystrangeadventures,theyfindtheyhavelosttheirvoices.Tocommunicatetheirfates—loveaffairs,battles,conquests,betrayals—theymustdealout,oneaftertheother,thecardsofagameoftarot,whoseconfigurationsrevealtheirseveralplights.Someofthestoriesturnouttobeauthenticfolkmythsandlegends—Parsifal,Oedipus,Hamlet—butothersareentirelyCalvino'sown.Allofthemhaveaprismaticblendoftheoldandthenew;theauthorhaspinpointedthepotentiallymythicelementsinourfrenzied,plastictwentieth-centuryworldandusesancientsymbolstocommentwrylyonwhatwehavebecome.
Calvinowasinspiredbyaseriesofbeautifulfifteenth-centurytarotcards,eightofwhicharereproducedinactualsizeandfullcolor.Black-and-whitereproductionsofaneighteenth-centurypackrunalongthemarginsofthetales,showingthecombinationsoutofwhichthestoriesgrew.Hisuseofthecardsispreciselythatmadebyfortunetellers,buthismethodismorecomplicated;hehascreatedwhatamountstoacrosswordandcrossimagediagram.Thebookisfascinatinginitsinventiveness,intheevocativeuseofthetarot,intheeleganceofitstwistsandturns.OriginallypublishedbyRicciin1969.PublishedbyEinaudiin1973.PublishedbyHarcourtBraceJovanovich,1976,1977.TranslatedbyWilliamWeaver.
《马可瓦多》
天生的梦想家马可瓦多,智多星马可瓦多。作为20世纪五六十年代意大利北部一个乏味的工业城市的低级工人,马可瓦多善于发现自然美,并热切的渴望更靠近他想象中未受到破坏的世界。他追寻他的梦想,为了减轻身上的负担,他用他的直率,而不是世故的方法,来压制他的幻想和尝试,他的举动另他的妻子,孩子,老板和邻居都大惑不解。他带来的结果永远是任何人都想不到的。
Marcovaldotheirrepressibledreamer,Marcovaldotheinveterateschemer.AnunskilledworkerinadrabnorthernItalianindustrialcityofthe1950sand1960s,Marcovaldohasapracticedeyeforspottingnaturalbeautyandanunquenchablelongingtocomealittleclosertotheunspoiledworldofhisimagining.Muchtothepuzzlementofhiswife,hischildren,hisboss,andhisneighbors,hechaseshisdreams,givesreintohisfantasies,tries—withmoreingenuousnessthanskill—tolessenhisburdenandthatofthosearoundhim.Theresultsarenevertheanticipatedones.
Intwentystoriesofstrikingcharmandexuberantoriginality,ItaloCalvinocreatesamemorableportrait,recountingMarcovaldo'sadventureswithgrade,verbe,andwit:Marcovaldoplottingtotrapgamebirdsonhisapartmenthouseroof,Marcovaldochoppingdownhighwaybillboardsforfirewood,Marcovaldogoingtoextremestocareforanofficeplant(hiscompanioninmisfortune).Whethervowingapersonalwaragainst"syntheticfoods"orleadinghisfamilyinatranceliketourofasupermarketinwhichabsolutelynothingisaffordable,Marcovaldoremainsinimitablehimself.OriginallypublishedbyEinaudiin1963.PublishedbyHarcourtBraceJovanovichin1983.TranslatedbyWilliamWeaver.
《困难的爱》
除了卡尔维诺还有谁能如此准确和优美的捕捉普通人生活中的一个个瞬间,并将现实和幻想熔于一炉?一个面包店里的小偷,一个小酒馆里的狂热夜晚,一个陷入性幻想的年轻士兵,一个游泳时发现比基尼泳衣掉了下半截的中产阶级妇女--所有这些都被卡尔维诺的如花妙笔写成了一篇篇杰出探索人类内部复杂世界的小说。在这些二十世纪四五十年代的杰作中,卡尔维诺描写了当对爱的自我欺骗和幻觉(经常是自我恋爱)被揭破时,那些觉悟和警醒的瞬间。HarcourtBraceJovanovich1983年英语第一版,WilliamWeaver,ArchivaldColquhoun,和PeggyWright翻译。
WhobutItaloCalvinocouldblendrealismandillusiontocapturesopreciselyandsoelegantlythesemomentsinthelivesofordinarypeopleAtheftinapastryshop,afrenziedeveninginatavern,ayoungsoldiercaughtupinaprivatefantasyofseduction,amiddle-classwomanwhodiscoverswhileswimmingthatshehaslostthelowerpartofherbikini—allaretransformedbyCalvino'sconsummateartistryintostoriesthatbrilliantlyexploreintricateinteriorworlds.Intheseclassicsofthe1940sand1950s,Calvinodepictsinstantsofrecognitionandalarm,whencherisheddeceptionsandillusionsoflove—frequentlyself-love—arestrippedaway.PublishedbyHarcourtBraceJovanovich,1983.TranslatedbyWilliamWeaver,ArchivaldColquhoun,andPeggyWright.
《文学的作用》
在这些散文中,卡尔维诺对文学进行了反思,他把文学看作一个巨大的叙述游戏,在这个过程中作者和读者被挑战去理解世界。他讨论了文学和科学,哲学和政治的关系。他分析了过去经典作家著作的各个方面--荷马和《奥德赛》,亚理奥斯多(Ariosto)和《奥兰都的疯狂》(Orlandofurioso),巴尔扎克和城市。文集的最后是对当代作家的赞美:欧金尼奥。蒙塔莱,罗兰。巴特,和梅瑞安·穆尔。
从卡尔维诺的文学批评中可以看到很多他编织进自己作品的主题:城市的形象,控制论,神话和民间故事,英雄文学的冒险旅程。在《电影和小说》中,卡尔维诺甚至透露了一个关于他小说的很有意思的小秘密:“如果说有电影事实上曾经影响过我的一些小说的话,那么它就是卡通片。”
卡尔维诺自己编选了这部文集。它所传递的文学兴趣和批评洞见对于从一个新的角度理解文学的作用,以及对一个现代大师作品的全面理解,是一个重要的贡献。Einaudi出版社1980年,1982年版,HarcourtBraceJovanovich出版社1986年英文版,WilliamWeaver翻译。
IntheseessaysCalvinoreflectsonliteratureasprocess,thegreatnarrativegameinthecourseofwhichwriterandreaderarechallengedtounderstandtheworld.Hediscussesliteratureinrelationtoscience,philosophy,andpolitics.Heanalyzesaspectsoftheworksofthegreatclassicalwritersofthepast—HomerandtheOdyssey,AriostoandOrlandoFurioso,Balzacandthecity.Thecollectionconcludeswithtributestocontemporarywriters:EugenioMontale,RolandBarthes,andMarianneMoore.
FromCalvino'scriticismemergemanyofthethemesthatarewovenintohisownwork:theimageofthecity,cybernetics,mythandfolktale,theheroicjourney.In"CinemaandtheNovel"Calvinoevendropsafascinatingasideabouthisownfiction:"Ifanypartofcinemahasinfactinfluencedsomeofmywork,itistheanimatedcartoon."
Calvinohimselfmadetheselectionofpiecestobeincludedinthisvolume.Theliteraryinterestsandcriticalinsightsexpressedareanimportantcontributiontoanunderstandingoftheusesofliteratureandtoacomprehensionoftheworkofamodernmaster.OriginallypublishedbyEinaudiin1980,1982.PublishedbyHarcourtBraceJovanovich,1986.TranslatedbyWilliamWeaver.
除了卡尔维诺还有谁能挑选出200个意大利民间故事,并如此出色的复述它们?读者被引入了一个极富意大利特色的世界,那里皇帝和农夫,圣徒和魔鬼,以及一系列最奇特的植物和动物,在充满当地风俗和历史的背景上演出了一个个生动的故事。无论叙述是幽默的还是质朴的,是玩笑的荒谬的还是贵族的神秘的,这些故事都是严格按照想象的逻辑有趣的展开的。
《意大利民间故事》被纽约时报评为当年的十佳新书之一,并立即赢得了童话爱好者们的心,也使卡尔维诺进入了象格林兄弟和安徒生那样伟大的童话作家的行列。在这本书里,卡尔维诺将丰富的想象与非凡的捕捉人之梦境和幻想的写作能力结合在一起。HarcourtBrace出版社1980年英文第一版,GeorgeMartin翻译。
WhobutItaloCalvinocouldhaveselectedtwohundredofItaly'straditionalfolktalesandretoldthemsowondrouslyThereaderisluredintoaworldofclearlyItalianstamp,wherekingsandpeasants,saintsandogres-alongwithanarrayofthemostextraordinaryplantsandanimals—disportthemselvesagainsttherichbackgroundofregionalcustomsandhistory.Whetherthetoneishumorousandearthy,playfulandnonsensical,ornobleandmysterious,thedramaunfoldsstrictlyaccordingtothejoyouslogicoftheimagination.
ChosenoneoftheNewYorkTimes'stenbestbooksintheyearofitsoriginalpublication,ItalianFolktalesimmediatelywonacherishedplaceamongloversofthetaleandvaultedCalvinointotheranksofthegreatfolkloristsliketheBrothersGrimmandHansChristianAndersen.InthiscollectionCalvinocombinesasensibilityattunedtothefantasticalwithasingularwriterlyabilitytocapturethevisionsanddreamsofapeople.PublishedbyHarcourtBrace,1980.TranslatedbyGeorgeMartin.《帕洛马先生》
《帕洛马先生》是卡尔维诺最出色的作品之一,《树上的男爵》和《宇宙连环画》后又一部杰作。它的名字和一架著名的望远镜相同并非巧合。帕洛马先生是一个知识的探索者,一个在神圣和荒谬的世界里的梦想家。帕洛马先生利用假期对自然现象进行了考察:海龟交配的冲动,白天的月亮,晚上的天空。回到城里后,他又去了商店,被冻肉卷,黄油,沙锅炖肉所吸引。它们的名字和标签使他联想到了草原,打猎,和畜牧业的各种禁忌。帕洛马先生真正感兴趣是思想。一家熟食店就是一座文明的博物馆。他对社会上的事没有兴趣也不参与,宁愿在内心里交谈,倾听无限空间的寂静和鸟雀动听的鸣叫。但时时来打搅的,文明化的"自我"坚持要成为一个保守的彬彬有礼的绅士,这对一座望远镜来说是失败,对帕洛马先生却又值得高兴。这是一个机智,优雅,充满幻想的故事。Einaudi出版社1983年第一版,HarcourtBraceJovanovich出版社1985年英文第一版,WilliamWeaver翻译。
Mr.PalomarisoneofCalvino'smostbrilliantcreations,adescendantoftheBaronwholivedinthetreesandtheenchantingCosmicomics.Itisnoaccidentthathisnamerecallsthatofafamoustelescope.Mr.Palomarisaquesterafterknowledge,avisionaryinaworldsublimeandridiculous.Onvacation,Mr.Palomarfocusesonnaturalphenomena:thepassionofmatingturtles,themoonbyday,theskybynight.Returningtothecity,hegoesofftoshopandbecomesabsorbedbygalantines,patés,terrines.Namesandlabelsconjureupscenesofpastures,ofthehunt,ofsacredtraditionsofhusbandry.Mr.Palomar'spalateisinhismind.Adelicatessenisamuseumofcivilization.Heisimpatientandtaciturninsociety,preferringtospininnerdialoguesandlistentothesilenceofinfinitespacesandthesongofbirds.Yettheintrusive,civilized"I"insistsonbeingthatcrusty,charminggentleman,afailureasatelescope,adelightasMr.Palomar.Thisisawitty,elegant,fantastictale.OriginallypublishedbyEinaudiin1983.PublishedbyHarcourtBraceJovanovich,1985.TranslatedbyWilliamWeaver.《在美洲豹太阳下》
在这些机智,幻想的小说中,感觉--味觉,听觉,嗅觉--主宰了主人公的生活。《在美洲豹太阳下》里一对夫妻为了在一种辣椒和外国香料做的菜肴中,找到性爱和精神恋爱的微妙的结合,去墨西哥旅行。《国王在听》里登基的暴君既是他权利的囚徒,也是他耳朵的囚徒,因为他巨大宫殿里的回声带来各种关于判决,爱情和阴谋的相互矛盾的信息。《名字,鼻子》里一位见多识广的男士苦苦琢磨时髦的香水,为了找出一个戴面具的神秘女郎留下的香味,而在伦敦一个吸毒的摇滚歌手则象一只发情的野兽,一位女士的气味使他展开了疯狂的寻找。
三种感觉,三篇意大利大师用艺术语言才华横溢的再现的奇遇。《在美洲豹太阳下》1983年第一次发表在《纽约人》上;《名字,鼻子》1976年第一次发表在《安泰》(Antaeus)上。Garzanti出版社1988年第一版,HarcourtBraceJovanovich出版社1988年英文第一版。Thesenses—taste,hearing,andsmell—dominatethelivesofthecharactersinthesewitty,fantasticalstories.In"UndertheJaguarSun"acoupletoursMexicotodiscoverastartlingcombinationofsublimeanderoticloveinthecuisineoffire-hotchilesandexoticspices.In"AKingListens"theenthronedtyrantisprisonernotonlyofhispowerbutalsoofhisear,asechoesinhishugepalacecarrycontradictorymessagesofdeliverance,love,andbetrayal.In"TheName,theNose"amanoftheworldconsultsafashionableparfumerieinsearchofascentwornbyamysteriousmaskedlady,whileinLondonadruggedrockmusicianrutslikeananimalinheatforthefemalewhoseodorlureshimintocrazedpursuit.
Andsothesenses,promisingthefulfillmentofdesireandanexitfromtheself,onlyleadbacktotheirsource:thesavoringpalate,thelisteningear,thesmellingnose.
Threesenses—threebrilliantadventuresintotheartofnarrationbytheItalianmaster."UndertheJaguarSun"wasfirstpublishedas"TheJaguarSun"inTheNewYorkerin1983;"TheName,theNose"wasfirstpublishedinAntaeusin1976.OriginallypublishedbyGarzantiin1988.PublishedbyHarcourtBraceJovanovich,1988.
伊塔罗·卡尔维诺在动身前往哈佛大学前夕去世,他本来要在那里主讲1985-1986年度的查尔斯·艾理奥特·诺顿讲座。由于天性沉默,他总是不愿意谈他自己,但他对谈文学的发展很有兴趣。在准备他的演讲过程中--他妻子回忆说这“困扰”了他生命的最后一年--他不可避免的要提及他自己的作品,他的方法,意图和希望。这样,这本书就成为了卡尔维诺留给我们的遗赠:他为未来的人们指出的要重视的那些普遍的文学标准,也成为我们进入卡尔维诺自身世界的暗号。
ItaloCalvinodiedontheeveofhisdepartureforHarvard,wherehewastodelivertheCharlesEliotNortonLecturesin1985-86.Reticentbynature,hewasalwaysreluctanttotalkabouthimself,buthewelcomedtheopportunitytotalkaboutthemakingofliterature.Intheprocessofdevisinghislectures—hiswiferecallsthattheywerean"obsession"forthelastyearofhislife—hecouldnotavoidmentionofhisownwork,hismethods,intentions,andhopes.Thisbook,then,isCalvino'slegacytous:thoseuniversalvalueshepinpointsforfuturegenerationstocherishbecomethewatchwordforourappreciationofCalvinohimself.
WhataboutwritingshouldbecherishedCalvino,inawonderfullysimplescheme,devotesonelecture(amemoforhisreader)toeachoffiveindispensableliteraryvalues.Firstthereis"lightness"(leggerezza),andCalvinocitesLucretius,Ovid,Boccaccio,Cavalcanti,Leopardi,andKundera—amongothers,asalways—toshowwhathemeans:thegravityofexistencehastobebornelightlyifitistobeborneatall.Theremustbe"quickness,"adeftnessincombiningaction(Mercury)withcontemplation(Saturn).Nextis"exactitude,"precisionandclarityoflanguage.thefourthlectureis"visibility,"thevisualimaginationasaninstrumentforknowingtheworldandoneself.Thenthereisatourdeforceon"multiplicity,"whereCalvinobrilliantlydescribestheeccentricsofliterature(Flaubert,Gadda,Musil,Perec,himself)andtheirattempttoconveythepainfulbutexhilaratinginfinitudeofpossibilitiesopentohumankind.
Thesixthandfinallecture—workedoutbutunwritten—wastobecalled"Consistency."Perhapssurprisedatfirst,wearelefttoponderhowCalvinowouldhavemadethatstatement,and,asalwayswithhim,theponderingleadstomore.WiththisbookCalvinogivesusthemosteloquent,leastdefensive"defenseofliterature"scriptedinourcentury—afittinggiftforthenextmillennium.EstherCalvinosupervisedthepreparationofthebook.SheisItaloCalvino'sArgentinian-bornwifeandatranslatorforseveralinternationalorganizations.PublishedbyHarvardUniversityPress,1988.TranslatedbyPatrickKreagh.
这本二十世纪一位必不可少的作家所做的重要自白,包含了五篇有关他生活和工作的打动人心的优美的“记忆练习”。《通向圣吉瓦尼之路》中卡尔维诺痛苦的回忆了他的童年环境,“站在圣皮尔切山脚的最后一个斜坡上,就好象站在两个大陆的边界上”。《观众回忆录》给出了一段对卡尔维诺青少年时代迷人的描述,那时他去电影院“几乎每天一次,有时甚至一天两次”,被加里·古柏扮演的孟加拉骑兵的生活和查理斯·兰顿和克拉克·盖博为奖金而发生的叛变所牢牢吸引。《一场战斗的回忆》尖锐的聚焦在第二次世界大战中他和法西斯战斗的经历,但随后又变成了一段对记忆中真实和想象的成份所扮演角色的感人的反思。《LaPoubelleAgréée》是巴黎生活的一段插曲,《出于模糊》则表达了作者的信条。
在《通向圣吉瓦尼之路》中,原创性,优雅,机智和智慧这些被我们认为与卡尔维诺联系在一起的东西,随处可见。Mondadori出版社1990年第一版,Pantheon出版社1993年英文第一版,TimParks翻译。
Thismajortestamentbyanessentialwriterofthetwentiethcenturyiscomprisedoffivestrikinglyelegant"memoryexercises"abouthislifeandhiswork."TheRoadtoSanGiovanni"poignantlyevokesCalvino'schildhoodhome,"onthelastslopesatthefootofSanPietrohill,asthoughattheborderbetweentwocontinents.""ACinema-GoersAutobiography"givesamesmerizingaccountoftheyearsofCalvino'sadolescence,whenheattendedthecinema"almosteverydayandmaybeeventwiceaday,"rivetedbysuchfilmsasLivesofaBengalLancerwithGaryCooperandMutinyontheBountywithCharlesLaughtonandClarkGable."MemoriesofaBattle"sharplyfocusesonhisexperiencefightingtheFascistsduringWorldWarIIbutbecomesinturnadeeplyaffectingreflectionontheroleofrealandimaginedmemories."LaPoubelleAgréée"isaParisianset-pieceand"FromtheOpaque"isessentiallyhiswriter'scredo.
InTheRoadtoSanGiovanni,theoriginality,grace,wit,andwisdomthatwehavecometoassociatewithCalvinoareeverywhereondisplay.OriginallypublishedbyMondadoriin1990.PublishedbyPantheon,1993.TranslatedbyTimParks.《黑暗中的数字》
这本优美的选集收录了一些才气横溢的小说,寓言和“不可能的访谈”,它的出版是一个重要的文学事件,进一步巩固了卡尔维诺作为一个二十世纪必不可少的作家的地位。在一幢房子烧焦的废墟里发现一张“可恶契约”的清单,里面还有四具尸体,一个计算机程序员决定去找出谁列了这张恐怖的清单,但他自己也不知不觉陷入了这个致命阴谋。一个旅行者遇到了一架为了达到平等主义而造出来的全新的机器:它用来在任期结束的时候砍去国家官员的头。一个3万5千岁的尼安德特人从杜塞尔多夫城外的美丽的尼安德山谷来到现代社会,一个访问者要求他证实他之所以能活这么久,仅仅是因为他渴望成名。传奇风流高手卡萨诺瓦讲述一个逃跑者的故事:那个将她的每一个部分--精神上的或者其他方面--都贡献出来的女人,是否事实上是在使用一种狡猾的策略来逃避追捕
这几十篇写于1943年至1984年间的短篇小说中,既有古怪恐怖的故事,又有兴奋愉快的,既有悲剧扭曲的,又有甜蜜残忍的--有时它们交替出现,有时又一起出现。这些小说涉及很多主题--政治,权力的性质,技术无情扩散的影响,对真理的探索,人类沟通的困难--它们全是纯卡尔维诺式的。Mondadori出版社1993年第一版(Primalchetudica"Pronto"),Pantheon出版社英文版,TimParks翻译。
Amajorliteraryevent:thisenchantingcollectionofdiabolicallybrilliantstories,fables,and"impossibleinterviews"confirmsItaloCalvino'sstatureasoneoftheessentialwritersofthetwentiethcentury.Alistof"abominabledeeds"isfoundamongthecharredremainsofahouseandthefourbodiesinit,anditisuptoacomputerprogrammertodiscoverwhocomposedthemacabreinventory—beforehehimselfbecomesensnaredinthedeadlyconspiracy.Atouristencountersawholenewmachineryfortheattainmentofegalitarianism:thebeheadingofstateofficialsattheendoftheirrespectiveterms.ComingtoyoulivefromthepicturesqueNeanderValleyjustoutsideDüsseldorf:aninterviewerasksthe35,000-year-oldNeanderthalMantojustifythefactthathismereenduranceishissoleclaimtofame.AndthelegendaryloverCasanovatellsoftheonewhogotaway:wasthewomanwhoofferedupeverypartofherself,spiritualandotherwise,infactemployingacunningstrategytoevadecapture
Writtenbetween1943and1984,theseseveraldozenshortfictionsarewhimsicalandhorrific,feverishanddelightful,tragicandwry,sweetandbrutal—sometimesalternately,sometimesallatonce.Rangingoverapanoplyofconcerns—politics,thenatureofpower,theimplicationsofarelentlessapplicationoftechnology,thequestfortruth,andtheelusivepossibilityofhumanconnection—theyareallofthempureCalvino.OriginallypublishedbyMondadoriin1993(Primalchetudica"Pronto").PublishedbyPantheon.TranslatedbyTimParks.《幻想故事》
卡尔维诺编辑的《幻想故事》是从许多引人注目的十九世纪欧洲和美洲的作者的作品中,选出的26篇经典的神秘故事组成的一本内容丰富范围广泛的集子。本人就是杰出作家的卡尔维诺为这本集子写了一篇帮助理解的导言,并为每个故事写了吸引人的纲要。
《幻想故事》整理了这种类型作品的发展演变,从它在德国浪漫主义的起源一直到亨利·詹姆士的鬼故事。卡尔维诺写道“幻想故事是十九世纪叙述体作品中最有特色的品种之一。对我们来说,它也是意义最重大的那类作品之一……当用我们今天的眼光去看它们时,这些故事核心中的超自然元素无一不带有含义,就象意识中那些被忽略的,被压抑的,被忘记的东西的反抗……在这里我们看到了它们现代性的一面,这也是它们在我们这个时代胜利般的复苏的原因。”
《幻想故事》是一本规范奇特的文集,由这样一个编辑者编选,用赛尔曼。卢士达的话来说就是“他拥有看透人类意识最深处,并把那里的美梦带回现实生活的能力。”包含在这本独特的文集中的十九世纪作家有安徒生,巴尔扎克,安布罗斯·格威纳特,狄更斯,吉卜林,莫泊桑,艾伦坡,沃尔特·司各特,以及许多其他作家。Mondadori出版社1983年第一版,为独立的两卷本,原名"RaccontiFantasticiDell'Ottocento:VolumePrimo,IlFantasticoVisionarioandVolumeSecondo,IlFantasticoQuotidiano",兰登书屋1997年英文版。
CompiledbyCalvino,FantasticTalesisarichandwide-rangingcollectionoftwenty-sixclassic,uncannytalesfromthenineteenthcenturywrittenbyanintriguingpanoplyofEuropeanandAmericanauthors.Masterstorytellerhimself,Calvinohascontributedaninformativeintroductiontothecollection,andanengagingprécistoeachstory.
FantasticTalestracesthegenrefromitsrootsinGermanRomanticismtotheghoststoriesofHenryJames.Calvinowrites:"Thefantastictaleisoneofthemostcharacteristicproductsofnineteenth-centurynarrative.Forus,itisalsooneofthemostsignificant...Asitrelatestooursensibilitytoday,thesupernaturalelementattheheartofthesestoriesalwaysappearsfreightedwithmeaning,liketherevoltoftheunconscious,therepressed,theforgotten...Inthisweseethemoderndimensionofthefantastic,thereasonforitstriumphantresurgenceinourtimes."
FantasticTalesisafantasticallycanonicalanthologyassembledbyaneditorwho,inthewordsofSalmanRushdie,"possessesthepowerofseeingintothedeepestrecessesofhumanmindsandthenbringingtheirdreamsbacktolife."Originallypublishedastwoseparatevolumes,RaccontiFantasticiDell'Ottocento:VolumePrimo,IlFantasticoVisionarioandVolumeSecondo,IlFantasticoQuotidiano,byMondadoriin1983.PublishedbyRandomHouse,1997.