1、实习二、糖尿病病人的食谱设计与计算目的要求1目的:巩固理论课中关于营养食谱制定的原则、方法,加强对不同人群进行食谱设计与计算的能力。2要求:掌握食谱制定的原则,熟悉食谱编制方法,对不同疾病患者能熟练进行食谱设计与营养素计算。实习内容1理论复习:营养食谱制定、糖尿病营养治疗的基本内容。2食谱制定:糖尿病病人食谱的制定。病例:某女性,52岁,身高160cm,体重55kg,轻体力劳动,近感乏力、多饮、多尿,检查见空腹血糖9.15mmol/L,餐后2h血糖13.2mmol/L,血压、血脂及肝肾功能未见明显异常,编制其营养食谱。体型确定:计算患者的标准体重(kg)=身高(cm)105,确定其体型(用B
2、MI值判断)。确定一日能量需要:根据劳动强度、体型、年龄因素,以标准体重确定其平均每日能量供给量(表1)。计算三大产热(能)营养素供给量:根据热能系数和供能比例计算出产热(能)营养素一日供给量。食物总量(含零食)确定:根据表2确定一日各类食物总量及交换份数。餐次及用量安排:血糖控制不好、餐后血糖较高时宜少量多餐(加餐但不加量),病情一般则可34餐/d,要定时定量;确定每餐用量,如为3餐则能量安排为早餐25,中餐40,晚餐30,点心5。食物选择:按每份食物等值交换份表选择食物,应多选GI较低的食物。食谱的评价与调整:确定食谱后应评价其是否科学合理,如食谱中所含五大类食品是否齐全?食物种类是否多
3、样化?食物重量是否合适?各营养素供给是否适宜?餐次安排及配比是否合理?如食谱设计中有不足之处则需要进行调整。饮食注意:对常见的糖尿病饮食误区给予说明与指导。3实习报告:完成一份糖尿病病人的食谱设计与计算分析的报告。表1.成年糖尿病患者每日能量供给参考量kJ(kcal)/kg体型卧床轻体力中等体力重体力消瘦84105(2025)146(35)167(40)188209(4550)正常6384(1520)125(30)146(35)167(40)肥胖63(15)84105(2025)125(30)146(35)表2.不同能量饮食的食物交换份表能量kJ(Kcal)主食类g(交换份)蔬菜类g
4、(交换份)鱼肉类g(交换份)乳类g(交换份)油脂类g(交换份)4185(1000)150(6)500(1)100(2)220(2)9(1)5021(1200)200(8)500(1)100(2)220(2)13.5(1.5)5858(1400)225(9)500(1)150(3)220(2)13.5(1.5)6694(1600)250(10)500(1)200(4)220(2)13.5(1.5)7531(1800)300(12)500(1)220(4)220(2)18(2)8368(2000)350(14)500(1)225(4.5)220(2)18(2)注:1个交换份植物油脂约为1汤匙的量
5、全英班实习指导PracticeDietaryInvestigation(一):ObjectiveEnforcingtheobjective,meanings,andmethodsofdietaryinvestigationfurther,studyingthecommonstepsandmethodsofdietcalculation,beabletograspdietvalueandgiveappropriatemendingsuggestions.(二):Dietinvestigation1.Retrospect
6、themethodsofdietinvestigationtogetherwiththestudents,involvingquantifyingmethod,auditmethod,retrospectmethodandchemicalanalogymethod,andreviewtheircharacter,advantagesanddisadvantages,theapplyingscopesaswell.2.Everypractiserretrospectsallhisintakesincludingthe
7、sorts,characterandquantitywithinthelast24hours.(三):Dietcalculation1.Calculatingcaloriesandnutrientsofthefoodsupplement.(1).Thequantityoftheintakes:.Thestudentretrospectedwithin24hoursintakes;.Specifyingrecipesasfollowings:Breakfast:acupoffreshmilk(about150ml)
8、;apieceofsteamedbread(about100gflourcontained)。Lunch:rice(200grice);sautingporkwithcelery:pork(thin)50g,celery250g;soy10g;botanicoil6g;salt2g。Supper:rice(200grice);spinachbeancurdsoup:spinach50g,beancurd50g,botanicoil3g,salt2g;fillet:fish150g,sha
9、llot5g,starch2g,sugar2g,soy3g,vinegar3g,gingerbits1g,(2).Calculatingmethod1).Fillinghowmanytimesyoudine,theintakesquantity(referringtorawmaterials)inthetable1。2).Lookingintofoodcomponenttable,calculatingthecaloriesandnutrientsineveryintakesrespec
10、tively.Foodcomponenttableconsistsofnutrientscontentsper100g,so,yourintakesmustbetransferredfirstthenfilledtherelateddatainthetable1.3).Subtotalandsumtotal:Subtotalisdefinedascollectingallkindsnutrientsrespectivelyaccordingeverydeal,especiallyforintakes
11、calories;Sumtotalindicatescalculatingthewholedaycaloriesandnutrientsandfillingintheblankforsumtotal;(4).Proteinnutrientsvalue:Intakesisvaluedaccountingfor10%-12%oftotalcalories;Qualitiveproteinshouldnolessthan1/3oftotalcalories,theratioshouldbehigheri
12、fthetotalintakesdeficient.(5).Vitaminandmineralsnutrientsvalue:accordingtoRNIorAI2.Suggestions:Pointingouttheprimaryquestionsinthefoodsupplementandbringforwardvalidmeasuresforimprovingfoodsupplement.(table2,3,4,5)。Table1Thetableoffoodnutrientscomponents
13、calculationSerialnumber:Unit:DatemonthyearDinnertimesFoodnameWeightgProteingFatgcarbohydrategCalorieskcalCalciummgIronmgVitAIUCarotinmgVitDVitB1mgVitB2mgVitCmgBreakfastSubtotalLunchSubtotalSupperSubtotaltotalTable2ThetableofdietaryvalueNutrientsProtein(g)Fat(g)carbohydrate(g)Calories(kcal)Calcium(mg)Iron(mg)Microgramsretinolequivalents(ugRE)VitB1(mg)VitB2(mg)Niacin(mg)VitC(mg)intakesperdayDRIs(RNIorAI)intakes/DRIs100%evaluateTable3ThedistributionofcaloriessourceTable4Nutrientsandsour