Genderequalityisnotonlyafundamentalhumanright,butanecessaryfoundationforapeaceful,prosperousandsustainableworld.Providingwomenandgirlswithequalaccesstoeducation,healthcare,decentwork,andrepresentationinpoliticalandeconomicdecision-makingprocesseswillfuelsustainableeconomiesandbenefitsocietiesandhumanityatlarge.Therefore,genderequalityandwomensempowermentareoneoftheoverarchingprioritiesofUNESCO.
性别平等不仅是一项基本人权，也是实现世界和平、繁荣和可持续发展的必要基础。为女性提供平等的教育、医疗保健、体面工作以及确保她们在政治和经济决策过程中的代表权，将促进可持续经济，并在更大层面造福社会和全人类。因此，坚持性别平等，赋予妇女权力是教科文组织的首要优先事项之一。
Thisisastrategyformakingwomen’saswellasmen’sconcernsandexperiencesanintegraldimensionofthedesign,implementation,monitoringandevaluationofpoliciesandprogrammesinallpolitical,economicandsocietalspheressothatwomenandmenbenefitequallyandinequalityisnotperpetuated.Theultimategoalistoachievegenderequality.
这是一项战略性策略，旨在实现男女平等。因此，无论男性和女性，他们的关切和经历都要融入所有政治、经济和社会领域政策和方案的设计、执行、监测和评估，从而使男女平等受益，阻止不平等现象的持续蔓延。
Increasingattentionisbeingplacedongenderequalityissuesglobally,buoyedbyseverallegalandnormativeinstruments:conventionsanddeclarations.ChiefamongthesearetheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomenandtheBeijingDeclarationandPlatformforAction.Thelatter,whichwastheoutcomeoftheUnitedNationsFourthWorldConferenceonWomen,in1995,emphasizesthekeyroleofmediatopromotegenderequalityinallspheres;allstake-holdersarecalledtojoinforcestocombat“stereotypingofwomenandinequalityinwomen’saccesstoandparticipationinallcommunicationsystems,especiallyinthemedia”.UNESCO’scommitmentandstrategytothisendispursuedthroughatwo-foldapproach:(i)gender-specificprogrammingand(ii)takinggender-focusedactionsinallofUNESCO’sfieldswork.
UNESCO’sCommunicationandInformationSectorhasfullyembracedthiscommitmentandhasengagedgloballyinawiderangeofgender-specificinitiativesacrossitsdivisionsandmainactions.Equalitybetweenwomenandmenworkinginthemedia,andequalityinnewsreportingonwomenandmen,areofequalimportanceandarebeingstridentlypursued.IncooperationwiththeInternationalFederationofJournalistsandmanyotherpartners,UNESCOhasadoptedthisglobalframeworkofGender-SensitiveIndicatorsforMedia(GSIM).Theseindicatorshavebeendevelopedtoenableeffectiveassessmentofrelateddevelopmentinthemedia.
InordertofurtherenrichtheGSIMresource,andasafundamentalstepforitscompletion,asecondroundofconsultationwascarriedoutonlinewithUNESCOmediapartnersglobally.Broadcastingandprintassociationscontributedcomments,suggestionsandinsightstofurtherenhancethedocument.TheconsultationwiththeseassociationswasessentialbecauseitenablesUNESCOtoembedintotheGSIMtheperspectivesofthesekeypartners.ThisenablesustostressthatuseoftheGSIMisnotanattempttolimitfreedomofexpressionandtheindependenceofmedia,buttovoluntarilyenrichtheseunderlyingcharacteristics.UNESCOisconfidentthat,iffullyimplemented,theGSIMwillproduceanimpactinbothqualitativeandquantitativeterms.
为了进一步丰富媒体性别敏感指标内涵，实现指标完善工作，教科文组织与其全球媒体合作伙伴在线进行了第二轮磋商，吸纳来自广播和印刷协会这些关键合作伙伴提供的意见、建议和见解，以进一步提高指标质量。与这些协会的协商是至关重要的，因为它使教科文组织能够将这些关键合作伙伴的观点纳入全球战略信息管理。这样做也使我们强调，使用性别敏感指标并不是试图限制了言论自由和媒体独立性，而是自愿去充实指标应有之义。教科文组织相信，如果性别敏感指标得到充分实施，其将对性别平等事业的质和量都产生影响。
英译汉PassageTwo
Whenrainfallismeasuredinfeet,notinches,wearewitnessingclimatechangebearingdownonus.CatastrophicdestructiontiedtotheAtlantichurricaneseason,monsoonrainsinMumbai,anddownpoursinNigerarejustafewofthemanyextremeweathereventsthatarebeingintensifiedbyglobalwarming.Whiletheriseofafewdegreesintemperaturemaynotbeenoughforapersontorunafever,thatchangeisenoughtoradicallyimpacttheearth’sclimate.Bywayofcomparison,theearthwasoncerenderedlargelyuninhabitablebyaonetotwo-degreeCelsiusdropintemperature—aneranowreferredtoastheLittleIceAge.Inresponsetothethreatposedbyglobalclimatechange,mostnationshavecommittedtosignificantmitigationefforts,throughtheParisAgreement,toreducegreenhousegasemissions.
当我们用英尺而不是英寸来衡量降雨量时，我们就能切身感受气候变化的影响。全球变暖，极端天气增多，例如与大西洋飓风季节有关的灾难性破坏、孟买的季风雨和尼日尔的洪灾。对于人类而言，气温上升几度不足以让人发烧，但对于地球来说，影响确是根本性的。历史上地球上的温度仅仅下降了1到2摄氏度，地球一度变得基本上不适合居住——这个时代现在被称为小冰河时代。为了应对全球气候变化带来的威胁，大多数国家作出重要努力，依据《巴黎协定》，减少温室气体排放，力求减缓全球变暖加剧。
ButwillthesecollectiveeffortsbeenoughSomescientistsaretryinganotherapproach,exploringnewtoolstodeliberatelyaltertheglobalclimatesystem.Thesediscreteanddiversetechnologiesareoftengroupedundertheall-encompassingandpoorlydefinedrubricof“climateengineering”or“geoengineering.”Theseradicallydifferentapproachesaimtoeitherhalttheprocessofglobalwarmingbyremovinggreenhousegasesfromtheatmosphereortocounteractwarmingalreadyunderway.
但是，这些集体努力就足够了吗？一些科学家正在尝试另一种方法，探索有意改变全球气候系统的新工具。这些不同而多样的技术通常被归为“气候工程”或“地球工程”这一包罗万象的模糊术语。这些截然不同的方法旨在通过从大气中清除温室气体来阻止全球变暖的进程，或者采取措施应对已经在发生的变暖现象。
Theproblemis,whileseveraltoolsseemtobegaininggroundincomputermodels,laboratories,andevenreal-worldexperiments,publicdiscussionhasnotkeptpacewiththeiradvancement.Todate,therehasbeentoolittletransparencyandinternationaldialoguearoundtheprogress,feasibility,risksandbenefitsoftheseefforts.Climateengineeringandcurrentmitigationandadaptationeffortsarenotmutuallyexclusive.Expertsgenerallyagreethatthesenewtechnologicalapproachesaloneareunlikelytoprovideadequateprotectionfromthedangersposedbyrisingglobaltemperatures.
但是问题是，尽管这些工具措施通过计算机模拟、实验室及现实实验都取得了进展，但公众却对此并不知情，慢了半拍。迄今为止，围绕这些努力的进展、可行性、风险和好处，其透明度不高和开展的国际对话也太少。事实上，气候工程与当前人们采取的缓解于适应性措施并不是相互排斥的。另外，专家们普遍认为，仅靠这些新的技术方法不太可能提供足够的保护，以应对来自全球气温上升带来的危险。
In1965,theScienceAdvisoryCommitteeraisedconcernsaboutmanmadeclimatechangeandwarnedthat“manisunwittinglyconductingavastgeophysicalexperiment.”Morethan50yearslater,thefieldofclimateengineeringremainslargelyunknown,especiallytopolicymakersandthepublic.
1965年，科学咨询委员会提出了对人为改变气候变化的担忧，并警告称“人类正在无意中进行大规模的地球物理实验。”50多年后，气候工程领域在很大程度上仍然未知，尤其是对决策者和公众而言。
Therearerealriskstousingorrejectingclimateengineering.Whileitistemptingtobefororagainstclimateengineering,whatdecisionmakersneedtodonowistogatherscientificfactsandaskasmanyquestionsaspossibleaboutwhatthedeploymentofthesetechnologiesmightmeanforindividuals,societies,nationsandregions.
无论采取还是摒弃气候工程都确实存在风险。虽然支持或反对气候工程的理由都很具有说服力，但决策者现在需要做的是掌握大量科学数据，并尽可能多地询问这些技术的运用对个人、社会、国家和地区意味着什么。
汉译英PassageOne
琴心和小核桃是两个出生在2016年的“萌妹子”。在卧龙国家级自然保护区(NationalNatureReserve）进行了两年的野化培训后，2018年12月27日，它们在龙溪一虹口国家级自然保护区被放归。当时两只熊猫接受了体检，它们的生长发育和各项生理指标均正常。
“我们保护区位于大熊猫分布区的中段，其显著特点是直接联系着岷山山系和邛山顶最大的大熊猫野生种群栖息地。”保护区虹口站站长刘波表示，“这里是野生大熊猫生存、繁衍以及圈养（captive-bred）大熊猫放归的天然走廊。”
Qinxin(“HeartofQin”)andXiaoHetao(“LittleWalnut”),twoadorablepandasbornin2016,werereleasedintoLongxi-HongkouNationalNatureReserveonDecember27,2018aftertwoyearsofrewildingtraininginWolongNationalNatureReserve.Physicalexaminationonthespotrevealedthattheirgrowthandphysiologicalindicatorsmetalltherequiredstandards.Sincetheirrelease,adedicatedteamofresearchersbegantomonitortheprogressofthetwoanimals,byharnessingradiomonitoringsystems,analyzingGPSdata,collectingfecalsamples,investigatingtheirlivingenvironment,anddeployinginfraredcameradetectors.Throughdatacollectionandfieldresearch,theycoulddeterminewhetherthepandascanaccustomthemselvestothenewenvironmentandfitintothewildpandapopulationovertime.
“Thisplaceisinthecentralsectionoftheregionwherepandasaredistributed.ItisadirectlinkbetweentheMinshanmountainsandQionglaimountains,bothofwhicharethelargesthabitatsofwildpandas,”saidLiuBo,headofHongkouStationinthereserve.“Itisnotonlyaplacewherewildpandasliveandreproduce,butalsoanaturalcorridorthroughwhichcaptive-bredpandasarereintroducedintothewilderness.”
汉译英PassageTwo
污染防治攻坚战是全面建成小康社会决胜阶段的三大攻坚战之一。目标是到2020年生态环境质量总体改善，主要污染物排放总量大幅减少，环境风险得到有效管控。
ThewaronpollutionisoneofthethreemajorcampaignslaunchedbyChinainthedecisivestageofitseffortstobuildawell-offsocietyinallrespects.Theobjectiveistoachieveanoverallimprovementintheecologicalenvironment,asignificantreductionintheemissionsofmajorpollutants,andtheeffectivecontrolofenvironmentalrisksby2020.
生态环境问题本质上是高资源消耗、高污染排放的经济发展方式造成的。所以我们必须提高资源开发利用效率，减少资源消耗，并将生态文明(ecologicalconservation）的要求融入到经济建设中，加快形成节约资源和保护环境的产业结构、生产方式、生活方式。我们要加快建立健全五大生态文明体系，即生态文化体系、生态经济体系、目标责任体系、生态文明制度体系和生态安全体系等。这些体系的建立有助于我们从根本上解决生态环境问题。
Environmentalissuesareessentiallyresultsofaneconomicdevelopmentmodelmarkedbyexcessiveresourceconsumptionandhighpollutantemissions.Therefore,itisimperativetoimproveresourceefficiency,reduceresourceconsumption,integrateenvironmentaleffortsintoeconomicdevelopment,andfacilitatetheestablishmentofanindustrialstructureandwayoflifeandworkthatisresource-efficientandenvironmentally-friendly,soastoprovidetimeandspacefornaturetorecoveranddevelop.Thereisalsoaneedtoacceleratetheconstructionoffivesystemssurroundingecologicalcivilizationintermsofculture,economy,objectivesandaccountability,institutions,andsecurity,allofwhich,whenestablished,willcontributetothefundamentalresolutionofenvironmentalproblems.
我们要树立良好的生态环境是最大的民生福祉这一基本民生观。坚持生态为民，重点解决损害群众健康的突出环境问题。从打赢蓝天保卫战到水污染防治、土壤污染防治、农村人居环境整治、城市污水治理。还自然以宁静、和谐、美丽，不断满足人民日益增长的对美好环境的要求。
Inlivelihoodimprovement,wemuststaycommittedtothefundamentalbeliefthatanexcellentecologicalenvironmentdeliversthegreatestwellbeingtothepeople.Therefore,guidedbythemissionofcreatingahigh-qualityenvironmentforall,wetakerobusteffortstoaddresspressingenvironmentalproblemsthatharmthepublic’shealth.Fromwinningthebattleagainstairpollutiontomanagingwaterpollution,landcontaminationandurbanwastewater,andupgradingrurallivingconditions,oureffortsaregearedtorestoringserenity,harmony,andbeautytonatureandmeetingthegrowingdemandoftheresidentsforaniceenvironment.
原文1：农历
农历(thelunarcalendar)起源于数千年前的中国，根据太阳和月亮的运行规律制定。长期以来农历在农业生产和人们日常生活中发挥着重要作用。古人依据农历记录日期，安排农活，以便最有效地利用自然资源和气候条件，提高农作物的产量和质量。中国的春节、中秋节等传统节日的.日期都基于农历。农历是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，当今依然广为使用。
参考译文：
ThelunarcalendaroriginatedinChinathousandsofyearsago,formulatedbasedonthemovementpatternsofthesunandthemoon.Foralongtime,thelunarcalendarhasplayedasignificantroleinagriculturalproductionandpeoplesdailylives.ancientpeoplerecordeddatesandarrangedfarmworkaccordingtothelunarcalendartomakethemosteffectiveuseofnaturalresourcesandclimaticconditions,enhancingtheyieldandqualityofcrops.ThedatesoftraditionalChinesefestivalsliketheSpringfestivalandtheMid-AutumnFestivalareallbasedonthelunarcalendar.ThelunarcalendarisanessentialpartofChinesetraditionalcultureandisstillwidelyusedtoday.
原文：四合院
四合院(siheyuan)是中国一种传统的住宅建筑，其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周，将院子合围在中间。四合院通常冬暖夏凉，环境舒适，尤其适合大家庭居住。四合院在中国各地有多种类型，其中以北京的四合院最为典型。如今，随着现代城市的发展，传统的四合院已逐渐减少，但因其独特的`建筑风格，四合院对中国文化的传承和中国历史的研究具有重要意义。
ThesiheyuanisatraditionalChineseresidentialarchitecturecharacterizedbyhousesbuiltaroundacentralcourtyard.Itistypicallywarminwinterandcoolinsummer,providingacomfortableenvironmentespeciallysuitableforlargefamilies.ThesiheyuancomesinvarioustypesacrossChina,withtheBeijingsiheyuanbeingthemosttypical.Nowadays,withthedevelopmentofmoderncities,traditionalsiheyuanhavegraduallydecreased.However,duetoitsuniquearchitecturalstyle,thesiheyuanisofgreatsignificancetotheinheritanceofChinesecultureandthestudyofChinesehistory.
原文：福
汉语中的福表示幸福和好运，是中国传统文化中最常用的.吉祥符号之一。人们通常将一个大大的福字写在红纸上，寓意期盼家庭幸福、社会安定、国家昌盛。春节贴福字是民间由来已久的习俗。为了欢庆春节，家家户户，都会将福字贴在门上或墙上表达对幸福生活的期待。人们有时还将福字倒过来贴，表示幸福已到。
InChinese,"Fu"representshappinessandgoodluck,anditisoneofthemostcommonlyusedauspicioussymbolsinChinesetraditionalculture.Peopleoftenwritealarge"Fu"characteronredpaper,symbolizingtheexpectationoffamilyhappiness,socialstability,andnationalprosperity.Itisalong-standingfolkcustomtopostthe"Fu"characterduringtheSpringFestival.TocelebratetheSpringFestival,everyhouseholdwillputupthe"Fu"characteronthedoororwalltoexpresstheirexpectationforahappylife.Sometimes,peopleevenpastethe"Fu"characterupsidedown,indicatingthathappinesshasarrived.
【英译汉】（FinancialTimes2017）：
At51,CathyMcDonnellwantedtoputherOxfordphysicsdegreeandformerexperiencecrunchingdataatQinetiqtobetteruse.Shehadworkedpart-timeinaschoolforseveralyearswhileherthreechildrenwereyoung,butshewantedtogetbackintothecorporateworld.
Severalapplicationslater,allforjobsinherformerfieldofdefence,shewasgettingnowhere.Thenafriendtoldherabout“returnships”,aformoflater-lifeworkexperiencethatsomecompaniesareexperimentingwithtohelpolderpeople—mainlywomen—returntowork,oftenafterbreakstocareforfamilies.
Cathyeventuallysecuredaplaceonan11-week“CareerReturners”programmewithO2,opentomenandwomen,whichincludedbeingbuddiedwitha20-year-oldmalestudentwhowasalsowiththecompanyonworkexperience.Hehelpedtoacquaintherwithnewtechnology,suchasusinganiPhoneandaccessingthecompany’svirtualprivatenetworkfromherlaptopsoshecouldworkfromhomebutstillaccessinternalfiles.
“Ontheassessmentday,Ithoughttheymusthavebeenlookingatmyprojectmanagementskills.Buttheyweren’tlookingatusforspecificroles.Theywerejustthinking,‘Thesewomenhavealottooffer,let’sseewhattheycando.’Thatwasrefreshing.”
Infact,byhiringfemalereturnees,companiescanaccesshardskillsthesewomendevelopedintheirformerhigh-leveljobs—andforadiscount.Inreturn,employerscoacholderfemalesbackintoworkinglife.Throughherreturnship,MsMcDonnellgainedafull-timeroleasanoperationsdataconsultant,handlingprojectswithinservicemanagementatO2.Shestillisearninglessthanshewouldliketo.“Butit’safootinthedoorandthesalaryisupforreviewinsixmonths,”shesays.
Itisstilloverwhelminglywomenwhostayhometocareforyoungfamilies.UKgovernmentfiguresshowthatwomenaccountforaround90percentofpeopleonextendedcareerbreaksforcaringreasons.
Alackofmiddle-agedwomenworking,particularlyinhighlyskilledroles,iscostingtheUKeconomy50bnayear,accordingtoareport.Thereportfoundthatmenover50tookhomenearlytwo-thirdsofthetotalwagespaidouttoeveryoneinthatagerangein2015.Itblamedthepaygaponthelow-skilled,part-timerolesolderwomenoftenaccept.Some41percentofwomeninworkintheUKdosopart-time,asopposedtoonly11percentofmen.
Astudylastyearbyeconomistsfound“robustevidenceofagediscriminationinhiringagainstolderwomen”inarangeofwhiteandblue-collarjobs.Thedatashowthatitisharderforolderwomentofindjobsthanitisforoldermenregardlessofwhethertheyhavetakenabreakfromworking.
【汉译英】（《网络空间国际合作战略》）：
现在，以互联网为代表的信息技术迅速发展，引领了生产新变革，创造了人类生活新空间，拓展了国家治理新领域。中国大力实施网络强国战略、国家信息化战略、国家大数据战略、“互联网+”行动计划。中国大力发展电子商务，推动互联网和实体经济深度融合发展，改善资源配置。这些措施为推动创新发展、转变经济增长方式、调整经济结构发挥积极作用。
【英译汉】：
InDecember2019,aclusterofpneumoniacaseswerefound.ScientistsbelievethatItwascausedbyapreviouslyunknownvirus-NownamedCOVID-19.
Coronaviruseshavetheappearanceofacrown.CrowninLatiniscalled"corona"andthatshowthesevirusesgottheirname.Therearedifferenttypesofcoronavirusesthatcauserespiratoryandsometimesgastrointestinalofsymptoms.
Itsknownthatcoronavirusescirculateinarangeofanimals.ButtheanimalswhichtransmitCOVID-19arenotknownyet.Andtheexactdynamicsofhowthevirusistransmittedisyettobedetermined.
Fromwhatisknownsofar,therecanbeanumberofsymptomsrangingfrommildtosevere.Therecanbefeverandrespiratorysymptomssuchascoughandshortnessofbreath.Inmoreseverecases,theresbeenpneumonia,kidneyfailureanddeath.Thereiscurrentlynospecificmedicationforthevirusandtreatmentissupportivecare.Thereiscurrentlynovaccinetoprotectagainstthevirus.Treatmentandvaccinesareindevelopment.
Nevertheless,wearecommittedtocombattingtheCOVID-19epidemic.Itscertainlytroublingthatsomanypeopleandcountrieshavebeenaffected,soquickly.Nowthatthevirushasafootholdinsomanycountries,thethreatofapandemichasbecomeveryreal.Butitwouldbethefirstpandemicinhistorythatcouldbecontrolled.Thebottomlineis:wearenotatthemercyofthisvirus.
Thegreatadvantagewehaveisthatthedecisionsweallmake-asgovernments,businesses,communities,familiesandindividualscaninfluencethetrajectoryoftheepidemic.Weneedtorememberthatwithdecisive,earlyaction,wecanslowdownthevirusandpreventinfections.Amongthosewhoareinfected,mostwillrecover.
Itsalsoimportanttorememberthatlookingonlyatthetotalnumberofreportedcasesandthetotalnumberofcountriesdoesnttellthefullstory.Thisisanunevenepidemicatthegloballevel.Differentcountriesareindifferentscenarios,requiringatailoredresponse.Itsnotaboutcontainmentormitigation.Itsaboutboth.
Allcountriesmusttakeacomprehensiveblendedstrategyforcontrollingtheirepidemicsandpushingthisdeadlyvirusback.Countriesthatcontinuefindingandtestingcasesandtracingtheircontactsnotonlyprotecttheirownpeople,theycanalsoaffectwhathappensinothercountriesandglobally.TheWHOhasconsolidateditsguidanceforcountriesinfourcategories:thosewithnocase;thosewithsporadiccases;thosewithclusters;andthosewithcommunitytransmission.Forallcountries,theaimisthesame:stoptransmissionandpreventthespreadofthevirus.
Forthefirstthreecategories,countriesmustfocusonfinding,testing,treatingandisolatingindividualcasesandfollowingtheircontacts.Inareaswithcommunityspread,testingeverysuspectedcaseandtracingtheircontactsbecomemorechallenging.Actionmustbetakentopreventtransmissionatthecommunityleveltoreducetheepidemictomanageableclusters.
【汉译英】
水稻是世界上最主要的粮食作物之一，世界上一半以上人口（包括中国60%以上人口）都以稻米作为主食。中国是世界上最早种植水稻的国家，至今已有7000年左右的历史，当前水稻产量占全国粮食作物产量近一半。水稻作为主要的粮食，无论对中国还是对世界的重要性都是不言而喻的。中国在超级杂交水稻（superhybridrice）生产方面成就突出，关键人物便是袁隆平。被誉为“中国杂交水稻之父”。他的`名字不仅在中国家喻户晓，在国际上也享有盛誉。袁隆平于上世纪60年代开始杂交水稻研究。他带领科研团队使中国杂交水稻一直领先于世界水平，不仅不断实现杂交水稻的高产量目标，而且在生产实践中不断推广应用，从实际上解决了中国人吃饭难的问题。袁隆平还多次到美国、印度等国家传授技术，为30多个国家和地区的政府官员和科研工作者讲学，促进杂交水稻技术造福世界。
1987年11月3日，联合国教科文组织在巴黎总部向袁隆平颁发科学奖，认为他的科研成果是“第二次绿色革命”。2004年，袁隆平获得世界粮食奖（theWorldFoodPrize），表彰他为人类提供营养丰富、数量充足的粮食所做出的突出贡献。
Part1：English-ChineseTranslation(英译汉)
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.
AliceMunro,winnerofthe2013NobelPrizeinLiterature,onceobserved:“Thecomplexityofthings—thethingswithinthings—justseemstobeendless.Imeannothingiseasy,nothingissimple.”
ThatisalsoaperfectdeionofMs.Munro’squietlyradiantshortstories—storiesthathaveestablishedherasoneoftheforemostpractitionersoftheform.Setlargelyinsmall-townandruralCanadaandoftenfocusedonthelivesofgirlsandwomen,hertaleshavetheswoopanddensityofbig,intimatenovels,mappingthecrevicesofcharacters’heartswithcleareyedChekhovianempathyandwisdom.
Fluentanddeceptivelyartlessonthepage,thesestoriesareactuallyamazinglyintricateconstructionsthatmovebackandforthintime,backandforthbetweenrealityandmemory,openingout,magically,todisclosethelongpanoramicvistasinthesepeople’slives(thestarts,stopsandreversalsthatstandoutashingemomentsintheirpersonalhistories)andthehomelydetailsoftheirday-to-dayroutines:thedullcopingwith“foodandmessandhouses”thatcantakeupsomuchoftheirheroines’time.
Ms.Munro’sstoriespossessanemotionalamplitudeandapsychologicaldensity.Herunderstandingofthemusicofdomesticlife,herabilitytosimultaneouslydetailhercharacters’innerlandscapesandtheirplaceinameticulouslyobservedcommunity,andhertalentforcharting“theprogressoflove”asitmorphsandmutatesthroughtime—thesegiftshavenotonlyhelpedMs.Munroredefinethecontoursofthecontemporaryshortstory,buthavealsomadeheroneoftoday’smostinfluentialwriters.
Inshortfictionthatspansfourandahalfdecades.Ms.Munrohasgivenusprismaticportraitsofordinarypeoplethatrevealtheirintelligence,toughnessandcapacitytodream,aswellastheirlies,blindspotsandlapsesofcourageandgoodwill.Suchdeionsaredeliverednotwithjudgmentalaccountancy,butwiththesortof“unsparingunsentimentallove”harboredbyaclosefriendorfamilymember.
LikeMs.Munro,manyofthewomeninthesestoriesgrewupinsmalltownsinCanadaand,atsomepoint,facedadecisionaboutwhethertostayortoleaveforthewiderworld.Theirlifetimesoftenspandecadesofstartlingsocialchange—fromatimeandplacewhenteapartiesandwhitegloveswerederigueurtothedaysofhealthfoodstoresandstripperbars.
Forthatmatter,Ms.Munro’swomen,oftenfindthemselvescaughtonthemarginsofshiftingculturalmoresandpulledbetweenconflictingimperatives—betweenrootednessandescape,domesticityandfreedom,betweentendingtofamilialresponsibilitiesorfollowingtheurgentpromptingsoftheirownhearts.
Instoryafterstory,passionisthemagnetorthemotorthatdriveswomen’schoices.Loveandsex,andmarriageandadulteryareoftenmirrorsthatrevealaMunroheroine’sexpectations—herfondestdreamsandcruelself-delusions,hersenseofindependenceandneedtobelong.
Ms.Munroisadeptattracingthemanyconfigurationsthatintimacycantakeovertheyears,showinghowitcansuffocateamarriageorinjectitwitharenewedsenseofdevotion.Sheshowshowsexualardorcanturnintoa“tidypilotflame”andhowanimpulsivetrystcanbecomeatreasuredmemory,hoardedasabulwarkagainstthebanalitiesofmiddleage.
Illnessanddeathfrequentlyintrudeuponthesestories,andthereaderisconstantlyremindedoftheprecariousnessoflife—andtherolethatluck,chanceandreckless,spur-of-the-momentchoicescanplay.SomeofMs.Munro’scharactersembracechangeasaliberatingforcethatwillliftthemoutoftheirhumdrumroutines,oratleastsatisfytheiravidcuriosityaboutlife.Othersregarditwithfearfuldismay,worriedthattheywillloseeverythingtheyholddear—oratleasteverythingfamiliar.
Part2Chinese-EnglishTranslation(汉译英)
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.
现代西方的中国学大致经历了两个代际的变化。第一代是历史主义流派主导的，第二代是意识形态至上流派所主导的。当代西方对中国的认知，不论是学术界或大众媒体，都深受这两大代际和流派的影响。
现代中国学研究的第一代，可以追溯到20世纪初。他们用历史主义的语境研究现代中国，研究方法深受中国传统文化影响，研究领域涵盖了中国的政治、历史、社会状况和引领中国现代史的领袖人物。
中国学的第二代，始于89年，在后冷战时代的意识形态狂热中诞生。这一时期的研究，陷入自由民主或专制独裁的意识形态两元对立。在研究取向上，强调政治立场先行和意识形态挂帅，目的只有一个，即证明中国的政治制度必然崩溃。可惜，这一代流派的研究一再被中国成功发展的事实证伪，备受质疑。
最近几十年来，中国全方位快速崛起，其巨大影响波及至世界各个角落。全球政治、历史、经济研究的顶尖人士，纷纷聚焦中国，希望探究这一历史重大事件的'深远含义。
当下，中国学正迎来一个新的代际，即第三代。第三代中国学发端于新的形势背景下，研究方法和取向都不同以往。这一代际的演进，将推动中国学从基础结构上发生转型，并对世界对中国的认知产生决定性影响。
这个群体不再象前两代那样限于中国通，而是来自各个领域。第三代中国学呈现的一个趋向可以称为实证派，即以收集客观数据为基本研究方法，客观分析中国的治理模式。
Comparativeevidenceisalsogrowingtoshowwhycountriesdecidetoremovelegalbarriersforwomen.Policiesempoweringwomenstrengthentheeconomyandarecriticalforlastingprogressindevelopment.Slowingglobalgrowth,therisingrisksofclimatechange,conflict,andthelingeringeffectsofCOVID-19havedealtamajorsetbacktothisprogressinrecentyears—withdisproportionateeffectsonthelivesandlivelihoodsofwomen.Equaltreatmentofwomenunderthelawisassociatedwithlargernumbersofwomenenteringandremaininginthelaborforceandrisingtomanagerialpositions.Itgenerateshigherwagesforwomenandfacilitatesmorewomenowningabusiness.Reforminginwaysthatencouragewomentocontributetotheeconomyasemployeesandentrepreneurswillbothleveltheplayingfieldandmaketheeconomymoredynamicandresilientinthefaceofshocks.
Sinceitsinaugurationin2018,theChinaInternationalImportExpo(CIIE)hasemergedasadefiningplatformsymbolizingChina’sdedicationtopromotinghigh-standardopeningupandsharingdevelopmentgainswiththeglobalcommunity.TheCIIEembodiesChina’scommitmenttodrivingeconomicglobalizationandcooperationaimedatcollectiveprosperity.TheCIIEsignifiesChina’ssupportformultilateraltradeanddeterminationtoupholdfreeandopenmarketsamidrisingprotectionism.ByprovidingbusinessesworldwideaccesstoChina’svastmarket,theCIIEenablesdealsworthbillions,allowsdebutsforthousandsofnewproductsandfacilitatesparticipationfromover100countriesineachedition.TheCIIEhasbecomean‘internationalpublicgood’thatcreatesvastopportunitiesforglobalenterprises,evenattractingcompaniesfromcountrieswithtensepoliticalrelationswithChina.Hence,theCIIEreflectsChina’sadherencetoadvancinghigh-standardopeningupthatimpartsbenefitsacrossnationalboundaries.
Whileglobalaveragetemperaturesarealreadyexceeding1.1°Cabovepre-industriallevels,currentplansreflectedinthenationallydeterminedcontributions(NDCs)areputtingusonapathtowards2.4°C–2.6°Cbytheendofthecentury.Eveniftheriseintemperatureeventuallyslowsasaresultofmoreambitiouscollectiveclimatechangemitigationefforts,climateriskswillacceleratewitheveryfractionofadegreebecauseofthecompoundingandcascadingnatureofclimate-relatedimpacts.Residualclimaterisks,thatis,risksremainingafterambitiousadaptationefforts,willpersisteveniftheParisAgreementgoalsarereached.Residualclimaterisks,inturn,willinevitablyleadtobotheconomicandnon-economiclossesanddamages.Thisdemonstratestheimportanceofacceleratingandscalingupbothmitigationandadaptationaction,torespectivelyavertcatastrophicclimatechangeandminimizetheclimateimpactsthatremain.
翻译：
改革开放40多年来，中国经济持续增长，平均10%以上的高速增长保持了30多年，被国内学者称为“中国经济增长奇迹”。在世界经济增长史上，许多国家高速经济增长都不超过十年，但是中国作为一个巨型经济体，高速经济增长超过了30年，形成了世界经济增长史上的奇迹，令世界刮目相看。中国经济增长奇迹不仅改变了世界格局，也是现有的经济学理论无法解释的，在传统的经济学理论体系中，中国经济增长充满了“矛盾”，“不可能”，“不寻常”和“反逻辑”。
中国式民主是生活化的民主，包含两层含义。首先，民主在基层得到了广泛而深入的发展。基层群众自治制度是中国特色社会主义三大基本政治制度之一，是中国基层民主的主要形式，是人民在农村、城市社区和企业实现当家作主权利的制度保障。其次，民主在各个层面的工作领域都得到了比较切实的落实。在各级领导干部的选任过程中，民主测评是不可缺少的环节。中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度是中国的一项基本政治制度。改革开放以来，中国共产党一直推动这一制度不断发展完善。
九寨沟的美首先在于色彩缤纷的“海子”（高山湖泊）。在翠绿苍茫的原始森林中，数十座雪峰高插云霄，峰顶终年雪光闪闪。100多个大大小小的.湖泊就像颗颗璀璨的宝石，镶嵌在彩带般的山谷中。这些湖泊相传是男神向女神求爱时送给她的100多面镜子。小的只有半亩左右，大的达千亩以上。湖底为乳白色的可溶性石灰岩，湖水清澈见底，蓝天、白云、雪山、森林倒映湖中，五光十色，美丽如画。沃诺色莫山旁边有著名的五花海，湖面圆形，据说是女神沃诺色莫梳妆时用的镜子。