2023年MBA考试英语阅读理解专项练习题
无论是在学习还是在工作中，我们总免不了要接触或使用练习题，做习题可以检查我们学习的效果。学习的目的就是要掌握由概念原理所构成的知识，你所了解的习题是什么样的呢？下面是小编整理的2023年MBA考试英语阅读理解专项练习题，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
Text1
Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.
Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral—usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirmshierarchy.
WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforce,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.
Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersonGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange,Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcanteffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.
1.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies
A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.
B.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployeesownbusiness.
C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment.
D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.
2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm
A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.
B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.
C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.
D.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.
3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto.
A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipment
B.technologicalandmanagerialstaff
C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills
D.topexecutives
4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirmscompetitiveadvantageis.
A.theintroductionofnewtechnologies
B.theimprovementofworkersbasicskills
C.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees
D.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhaftoftheemployees
5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage
A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.
B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.
C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirmshierarchy.
D.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.
参考答案：BDBBD
Text2
"WelcometotheU.S.A.IMajorCreditcardsaccepted!"
Bythemillionstheyarecoming—nolongerthetired,thepoor,thewretchedmasseslongingforabetterliving.Thesearethewealthy."Wedonthaveabudget,"saysabiologistfromBrazil,asshewalkswithtwocompanionsthroughNewYorkCitysSouthStreet."Wejustuseourcreditcards."
TheU.S.haslongbeenoneoftheworldsmostpopulartouristdestinations,butthisyearhasbeenexceptional.FirsttherewastheWorldCup,whichdrewthousandsfromeverycorneroftheglobe;thencametheweakeningoftheU.S.dollaragainstmajorcurrencies.NowtheU.S.,stilltheworldssuperpower,canalsoclaimtobetheworldsbargainbasement(廉价商品部).NobodyundersellsAmericathesedaysonjustabouteverything,fromconsumerelectronicstofashionclothestotennisrackets.Bottomretailprices—anywherefrom30%to70%lowerthanthoseinEuropeandAsia—haveattractedsome47millionvisitors,whoareexpectedtoleavebehind$79billionin1994.Thatsupfrom$74billiontheyearbefore.
True,noteveryonecomesjustforbargains.ThereremainsanundeniablefascinationintherestoftheworldwithallthingsAmerican,nourishedbyHollywoodfilmsandU.S.televisionseries.ButshoppingtheU.S.A.isprovingirresistible.Everyweekthousandsarrivewithemptysuitcasesreadytobefilled;someevenrentanadditionalhotelroomtoholdtheirpurchases.Thebuyingbinge(无节制)hasbecomeasimportantaswatchingOldFaithfulFountainseruptinYellowstoneParkorsunbathingonabeachinFlorida.
TheU.S.hascomeatlasttoappreciatewhatothercountrieslearnedlongago:thepouringinofforeigntouristsmaynotalwaysbeconvenient,butitdoesputmoneyinthebank.Andwithatradedeficitatabout$130billionandgrowingforthepast12months,theU.S.needsallthedepositsitcanget.ComparedwithAmericantouristsabroad,visitorstotheU.S.staylongerandspendmoremoneyateachstop;anaverageof12.2nightand$1624atravelerversustheAmericansfournightand$298.
1.FromwhattheBrazilianbiologistsays,weknowthattouristslikeher.
A.arereluctanttocarrycashwiththem
B.simplydontcarehowmuchtheyspend
C.arenotgoodatplanningtheirexpenditure
D.oftenspendmoremoneythantheycanafford
2.Thereasonwhy1994wasexceptionalisthat.
A.itsawanunusuallylargenumberoftouriststotheU.S.
B.itwitnessedadropinthenumberoftouriststotheU.S.
C.tourismwashardlyaffectedbytheweakeningoftheU.S.dollarthatyear
D.touristscametotheU.S.forsightseeingratherthanforbargainsthatyear
3.Bysaying"nobodyundersellsAmerica"(Line4,Para.3),theauthormeansthat.
A.noothercountryunderestimatesthecompetitivenessofAmericanproducts
B.nobodyexpectstheAmericanstocutthepricesoftheircommodities
C.nobodyrestrainsthesellingofAmericangoods
D.noothercountrysellsatalowerpricethanAmerica
4.WhydoestheauthorassertthatallAmericanthingsarefascinatingtoforeigners
A.BecausetheyhavegainedmuchpublicitythroughtheAmericanmedia.
B.Becausetheyrepresenttheworldslatestfashions.
C.Becausetheyembodythemostsophisticatedtechnology.
D.Becausetheyareavailableatalltouristdestinations.
5.FromthepassagewecanconcludethattheU.S.hascometorealize.
A.theweakeningiftheU.S.dollarcanresultintradedeficits
B.thelowertheretailprices,thegreatertheprofits
C.tourismcanmakegreatcontributionstoitseconomy
D.visitorstotheU.S.arewealthierthanU.S.touristsabroad
参考答案：BADAC
Text3
Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafunfilled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappinessthenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue:moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.
Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethesourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment(承担的业务),selfimprovement.
Askabachelor(单身汉)whyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,excitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.
Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenightssleeporathreedayvacation.Idontknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Butcouplewhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.
Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,abachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecause.
A.heisreluctanttotakeonfamilyresponsibilities
B.hebelievesthatlifewillbemorecheerfulifheremainssingle
C.hefindsmorefunindatingthaninmarriage
D.hefearsitwillputanendtoallhisfunadventureandexcitement
2.Raisingchildren,intheauthorsopinion,is.
A.amoralduty
B.athanklessjob
C.arewardingtask
D.asourceofinevitablepain
3.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatenvysometimesstemsfrom.
A.hatred
B.misunderstanding
C.prejudice
D.ignorance
4.Tounderstandwhattruehappinessisonemust.
A.haveasmuchrunaspossibleduringoneslifetime
B.makeeveryefforttoliberateoneselffrompain
C.putupwithpainunderallcircumstances
D.beabletodistinguishhappinessfromfun
5.Whatistheauthortryingtotellus
A.Happinessoftengoeshandinhandwithpain.
B.Onemustknowhowtoattainhappiness.
C.Itisimportanttomakecommitments.
D.Itispainthatleadstohappiness.
参考答案：ACBDA
Text4
Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.
Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.
Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsaliva(唾液)slows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevil-smellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide(硫化物).
Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic"morningbreath".
Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughitsnotunderstoodwhy.Somepeoplesbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.
Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage.whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebad-breathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.
Formostofus,thesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.
Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.
Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbad-breathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydontnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunde,thicklayersofmucus(粘液).Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.
1.Thephrase"emanatefrom"inParagraph1mostprobablymeans.
A.thriveon
B.accountfor
C.originatefrom
D.descendfrom
2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath
A.Toothtrouble.
B.Sulfur-richfood.
C.Toomuchexercise.
D.Mentalstrain.
3.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause.
A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing
B.itssmelladdstobadbreath
C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteria
D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva
4.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause.
A.theycantmaskthebadodorlongenough
B.theycantgettoalltheoffendingbacteria
C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse
D.theycantcoverthethicklayersofmucus
5.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat.
A.offensivebreathcanteasilybecured
B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath
C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath
D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol
参考答案：CDDBA
Text5
ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.
Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain
AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.
Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.
Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.
Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall—andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless—missesanimportantpoint:That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.
Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.
Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.
21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof.
[A]practicalability[B]academictraining
[C]pioneeringspirit[D]mechanicalmemorization
22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.
[A]haveastereotypedmind[B]havenocareermotivation
[C]arenotacademicallysuccessful[D]arefinanciallydisadvantaged
23.wecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.
[A]usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns[B]usedtohavemorejobopportunities
[C]arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing[D]areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges
24.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.
[A]helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs
[B]maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs
[C]isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce
[D]indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation
25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas.
[A]supportive[B]tolerant
[C]disappointed[D]cautious
答案解析
21、[答案][A]practicalability
[解析]根据题干可知这是一道典型的例证题。根据题干关键词“abrokenbikechain”定位到第二段第二句，向前找其论点句“HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization，butpractical。由该句可知，在他(Mr。Koziaek)任教的这个学校里，学习不是书本、测试和机械记忆这些事情，而是实践。所以举“abrokenbikechain”的例子是说明学生们缺乏实践能力，选A选项practicalability。
22、[答案][C]arenotacademicallysuccessful
23、[答案][B]usedtohavemorejobopportunities
[解析]根据题干要求定位到第五段，解决本题的关键是对第三句话“ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated。”的理解，尤其需要注意本句的时态，定语从句“thattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduates”是过去时态，表明“美国经济曾经为高中毕业生提供了工作保障”，而主句“Thejobsecurityhaslargelyevaporated”却是现在完成时，意为“这种工作保障在很大程度上已经蒸发了”，说明曾经的工作机会现在已经不再拥有了，故而[B]选项是正确选项。
24、[答案][D]indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation
25、[答案][A]supportive
[解析]本题考查作者的态度。一般最后一段凸显作者的态度，第一句话“Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.”说明“Koziatek学校为我们敲响了警钟”。第二句话“Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all，itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts”表明“当教育适合所有人的时候，它同样也造成一种危险，即容易忽视的人才多元化。”同时我们也注意到第七段最后一句话说“…istofillthegap.”(Koziatek学校正试图填补这一空白)，说明作者的态度是支持性的，即supportive。因此，A选项是正确答案。
Text6
Whilefossilfuels—coal，oil，gas—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,itsclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld：Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.
Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables，especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.
Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland，forexample，windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead，notablyChinaandEurope，theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch，forthefirsttime，windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS，reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.
PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa，hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa，wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.
Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.
Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers，whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.
Whilethere’salongwaytogo，thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn’tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.
26.Theword“plummeting”(Line3，Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.
[A]stabilizing[B]changing
[C]falling[D]rising
27.AccordingtoParagraph3，theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.
[A]isprogressingnotably[B]isasextensiveasinEurope
[C]facesmanychallenges[D]hasprovedtobeimpractical
28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.
[A]windisawidelyusedenergysource
[B]windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels
[C]techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy
[D]thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply
29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6
[A]Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.
[B]Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.
[C]Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.
[D]Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.
30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy.
[A]willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries
[B]willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange
[C]isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment
[D]isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost
26、[答案][C]failing
[解析]词汇释义题。根据论点论据关系，二段最后一句话证明but之后的论点句。由第二段最后一句得知在过去8年中，solarpanels(太阳电池板)和windturbines(风轮机)成本分别下降了80%和约1/3，故可推知可再生能源的价格会下降，故C项failing正确。
27、[答案][A]isprogressingnotably
[解析]逻辑推理题。根据题干应该定位到三段第三句话。本段第三句说“其他在清洁能源发展方面保持领先(takesthelead)，美国也看到了显著的变化”，also提示我们美国和其他的情况应该有相似之处。再结合后一句中的数据，可确定美国可再生能源的使用正稳步发展，A项正确。
28、[答案][A]windisawidelyusedenergysource
[解析]逻辑推理题。由Iowa我们可快速定位至第四段。一般来讲，推理题优先考虑段落主旨，But转折之后应该为本段中心。尽管前两句提到Trump不看好风能，但but后面话锋一转，说到Iowa的很多人不赞成这种看法，并列举数据说明风能在Iowa的发展势头良好，故本题选A。
29、[答案][C]Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality
[解析]双段推理题。根据提干关键词Paragraph5&6定位到5、6段，双段推理题应该优先考虑双段主旨。第5段中心为关键信息词but之后的内容。文中aboostinthestoragecapacityofbatterieskeepspowerflowingaroundtheclock对应选项中的itscontinuoussupply;isbecomingareality对应文中ismakingtheirabilityto.同样，第6段可以验证。6段中心为最后一句话Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow，thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears，也说明这件事在未来可能成为现实。
30、[答案][C]isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment
Text7
Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn，buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice，whichdoesn’thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers’friendshipsandsociallives.
FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities，butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages，theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist，whatpartywhip，wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay’senemiesarecurrentlyplottingItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.
Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon’tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andFacebookandGoogle，thetwovirtualgiants，dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.
Theproductthey’resellingisdata，andwe，theusers，convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.Itdoesn’tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship，evenifbothsidesbenefit.
31.AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits.
[A]digitalproducts[B]userinformation
[C]physicalassets[D]qualityservice
32.LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay.
[A]worsenpoliticaldisputes[B]messupcustomerrecords
[C]posearisktoFacebookusers[D]misleadtheEuropeancommission
33.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw.
[A]shouldservethenewmarketpowers
[B]mayworsentheeconomicimbalance
[C]shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution
[D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket
34.CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause.
[A]theyarenotdefinedascustomers[B]theyarenotfinanciallyreliable
[C]theservicesaregenerallydigital[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers
35.Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate.
[A]awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants
[C]thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants’customers
[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers
31、[答案][B]userinformation
32、[答案][C]posearisktoFacebookusers
33、[答案][D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket
34、[答案][D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers
[解析]因果细节题。根据题干回文定位到第三段第六句话，其中itisnotobvious是题干canhardlyprotect的同义替换。后文中指出whentheusersoftheseservicesdon’tpayforit，表明这种情况发生的原因是这些服务的用户没有付款，而真正付款的是advertisers，因此正确答案为D。
35、[答案][D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers
[解析]观点例证题。根据题干中的关键词antsanalogy回文定位到最后一段第二句话。而该例子论证的观点是上一句话，即最后一段的首句，该句指出“他们(Google和Facebook)所销售的商品是数据，而为了这些数据巨头(像Google和Facebook这样的数据信息企业)的利益，作为用户的我们将生活转向数据”，这句话揭示了用户和数据巨头之间的关系，通过数据联系在一起。数据巨头销售数据，用户生活中使用数据。因此正确答案为[D]选项，该例子论证了数据巨头和用户之间的关系。
Text8
Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepwork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”—theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.
Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork—beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.
Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.OnceonthecalendarIprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor’sappointmentorimportantmeeting”,hewrites.
Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritizeyourday—inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.
Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.
Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy.wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”
“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletobebrainasVitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.
SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounter-intuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperateWhenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.
“Whatpeopledon’trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain”.saysPillay.
36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto________.
[A]keeptoyourfocustime[B]listyourimmediatetasks
[C]makespecificdailyplans[D]seizeeveryminutetowork
37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat________.
[A]distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiency
[B]dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudying
[C]studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoals
[D]detailedplansmanynotbeasfruitfulasexpected
38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis________.
[A]adesirablementalstateforbusypeople
[B]amajorcontributortophysicalhealth
[C]aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy
[D]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork
39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrains’shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused_______.
[A]canresultinpsychologicalwell-being
[B]canbringaboutgreaterefficiency
[C]isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork
[D]isdrivenbytaskurgency
40.Thistextismainlyabout_______.
[A]waystorelievethetensionofbusylife
[B]approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime
[C]thekeytoeliminatingdistractions
[D]thecauseofthelackoffocustime
36、[答案][A]keeptoyourfocustime
[解析]这是一道细节题。注意题干的一一对应，选项进行等价替换。根据题干定位到第二段最后一句。Thekeyisto(题干对应)determineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit(剩余信息为答案)。对应选项keepto(stickto)yourfocustime(yourlengthoffocustime)
37、[答案][D]detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected
[解析]根据题干为细节题，考察的是实验结论。Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat，根据1980s和Harford快速找到定位第四段第二句，那么结论应该在后面，也就是第五段。第五段开头第一句while为让步，看主句部分theywerewrong，冒号后面解释说，thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents。对应D选项，其中的maynotbeasfruitful对应demotivated。
38、[答案][D]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork
[解析]这是一道细节题。根据提干中的关键词，Newport和idleness，回文定位到第6段的Newport和第7段idleness，再结合第7段段末代词he，考查到代词的指代问题，根据上下文确定此处的he指代Newport，确定第7段引号之内即为作者对于“idleness”的观点，由第7段后半句idlenessis，paradoxically，necessarytogettinganyworkdone得出正确答案为anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork，其中essential是对原文necessary的同义替换，accomplishinganywork是gettinganyworkdone的同义替换。
39、[答案][B]canbringaboutgreaterefficiency
[解析]这是一道人物观点题，根据提干中的关键词，Pillay回文定位到第8段，再进一步匹配题干中的剩余信息，ourbrains’shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused定位至第8段段末处，ourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused，其中shift是switch的同义替换，由后半句theytendtobemoreefficient得出正确答案为canbringaboutgreatereffcieny，是对原文tendtobemoreefficient的同义替换。
40、[答案][B]approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime
PartB
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlesfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
A.Justsayit
B.Bepresent
C.Payauniquecompliment
D.Name,places,things
E.Findthe“metoo”s
F.Skipthesmalltalk
G.Askforanopinion
FivewaystomakeconversationwithanyoneConversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink.
Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.
Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.
41.____________
Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon’tknowandsomethingwithinyousays“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson”—thisissomethingthemostlyhappenswithallofus.Youwantedtosaysomething—thefirstword—butitjustwon’tcomeout.Itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere,Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvicejustgetitout.
Justthink:thatistheworstthatcouldhappenTheywon’ttalkwithyouWell,theyarenottalkingwithyounow!
Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustflow.Sokeepitsimple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay“Hi”.
42.____________
It’saproblemallofusface:youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyouwanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.
Honestly,ifwegotstuckintherutof“hi”,“hello”,“howareyou”and“what’sgoingon”youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthat’scanmakeitsomemorable.
Sodon’tbeafraidtoaskmorepersonalquestions.Trustme,you’llbesurprisedtoseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.
43.____________
Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouandthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint.Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,you’llfindallofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.
44.____________
Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheirphone,andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse“Icanmultitask”.
Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.
45.____________
Youallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmettheperson,butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirnames.Isn’tthatawkward!
Sorememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhapstheplacestheyhavebeentotheplacetheywanttogo,thethingstheylike,thethingthehate—whateveryoutalkabout.
Whenyouremembersuchthingyoucanautomaticallybecomeinvestorintheirwellbeing.Sothefeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoing.
That’sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmostanyone.Everypersonisareallygoodbooktoread,ortohaveaconversationwith!
41、[答案][A](Justsayit)
[解析]从下方段落中看到Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustflow。Sokeepitsimple：“Hi”，“Hey”or“Hello”——dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan，putonabigsmileandsay“Hi”.中我们不难发现重复的内容say“Hi”，也相当于getthatfirstwordout，共同表达的内容就是开口说，故A(Justsayit开口说)与之完美对应。
42、[答案][G](Askforanopinion)
43、[答案][E](Findthe“metoo”s)
[解析]从下方对应段落Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime，makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouandthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint…中我们找到关键词have…incommon有共同点。这与E(Findthe“metoo”s寻找共同点)完美对应。
44、[答案][B](Bepresent)
[解析]从下方对应段落Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou，justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheartedly.因此当有人跟你跟你聊天时，要全身心的投入到谈话中，以及后面复现词eyecontact进行眼神交流，我们找到B(Bepresent，在现场，投入当前事件中)能够与之对应。
45、[答案][D](Name，places，things)
[解析]从下方对应段落…butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname。Isn’tthatawkward!…但是之后你可能再次见到时忘记了他们的名字。这不是很尴尬吗通过反义疑问我们得知：应该要记得名字!而且随后So，rememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhapstheplacestheyhavebeento，theplacestheywanttogo，thethingstheylike，thethingstheyhate。因此，请记得你遇到且与之聊过天的这些人的一些小细节，比如他们去过的地方，他们想要去的地方，他们喜欢的以及讨厌的事物等等。从这些内容中我们不难找到与之对应的小标题D(Name，places，things)