Directions:Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Passage1
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Isthat6a.m.workoutgettinginthewayofgoodsleepDon’tthinkyourfatcellswontnotice.AnewstudypublishedinTheAnnalsofInternalMedicine(amedicaljournal)findsthatinadequateshut-eyehasaharmfuleffectonfatcalls,reducingtheirabilitytorespondtoinsulin(胰岛素)byabout30percent.Overthelong-term,this
decreasedresponsecouldset-thestagefortype-2diabetes(amedicalconditioninwhichsomeonehastoomuchsugarinhisorherblood),fattyliverdiseaseandweightgain.
Thestudyaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethatthere’s“anintimaterelationshipbetweentheamountofsleepwegetandourabilitytomaintainagood,healthybodyweight”sayssleepexpertHeleneEmsellem,directoroftheCenterforSleepandWakeDisordersinChevyChase,Maryland.(76)ButAmericansdon’tseemtobegettingthemessagethatweneedseventoninehourspernight.Morethan1in5ofus,accordingtoareportformtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,isgettingsixorfewerhoursofsleeppernight,onaverage.
SohowdidresearchersstudyfatcellsintheAnnalspaperMatthewBradyoftheUniversityofChicagoandagroupofcolleaguesselectedandpersuadedsevenvolunteerstotakepartintheresearchproject.Theywereallyoung,thinandhealthyandagreedtosleepforeightnightsinasleeplab.“Forfournightstheywereallowedtostayinbedfor8.5hoursanight,”saysBrady.Then,amonthlater,theycamebackforfouradditionalnights—butthistimetheywereallowedjust4.5hoursofsleeppernight.Andafterea