2019年度英语高三备考资料“科技类”阅读理解22篇（泉州）
Passage1
VisitorstoHenn-na,arestaurantoutsideNagasaki,Japan,aregreetedbyanunusualsight:theirfoodbeingpreparedbyarowofhumanoidrobots.The“headchef”,namedAndrew,isusinghistwolongarms;hestirsbatter（面糊）inametalbowl,thenpoursitontoahotgrill.Inanearbyhotel,robotscheckguestsintotheirroomsandhelpwiththeirluggage.
CEOHideoSawada,whorunstherestaurantandthehotel,predictsthat70%ofthejobsatJapan’shotelswillbeautomated（自动化）inthenextfiveyears.Hesaid,“Sinceyoucanworkthem24hoursaday,andtheydon’tneedvacation,eventuallyit’smorecost-efficienttousetherobot.”
Thisisseeminglyworrying.Infact,inAmerica,automationhelpsthefood-serviceandaccommodationsectorcontinuetogrow.InthecompanyPanera,becauseofitsnewkiosks,anappthatallowsonlineordering,thechainisnowprocessingmoreordersoverall,whichmeansitneedsmoretotalworkerstomeetconsumerdemand.Starbuckscustomerswhousethechain’sappreturnmorefrequentlythanthosewhodon’t,thecompanyhassaid,andthegreaterefficiencythatonlineorderingallowshasboostedsalesatbusystoresduringpeakhours.Starbucksemployed8%morepeopleintheU.S.in2016thanitdidin2015,theyearitlaunchedtheapp.
Ofcourse,whetherautomationisanetbenefitforworkersinrestaurantsandhotels,andnotjustacompetitiveadvantageforonechainoveranotherwilldependonwhetheranimprovedcustomerexperiencemakesAmericansmorelikelytodineoutandstayathotels,ratherthanbrown-baggingitorfindinganAirbnbtobookuniquehomes.
1.WhydoesthewriterdescribetheunusualsightinParagraph1
A.Topromoterobots.B.Tointroducethetopic.
C.Tovoicehisopinion.D.Toshowthebackground.
2.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3mean
A.Automationmaybeachallengetohumanjobs.
B.Automationmayincreasebusinesscosts.
C.Workersmayfailtofocusontheirtasks.
D.Manycompaniesmayfailtosurvive.
3.WhatcanwelearnfromthetwocasesinParagraph3
A.Thetwocompaniesaretryingtotakeoverthemarketcompetitively.
B.Automationcouldopenupmorejobchancesforhumans.
C.StarbucksemployedmorepeoplethanPaneradidin2016.
D.Automationhelpstheshopsbecomefamousonline.
4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofautomation
A.Objective.B.Reserved.C.Cautious.D.Doubtful.
答案BABA
Passage2(南安一中吕文谦)
ArtificialIntelligence(AI)ismakingitpossibleforcompaniestomonitorworkers’behavioringreatdetailandinrealtime.Starttoslackoff(懈怠),andAIcouldtalktoyourboss.
OnecompanyofferingsuchservicesisLondon-basedstart-upStatusToday.ItsAIplatformreliesonaregularsupplyofemployeedata,includingeverythingfromthefilesyouaccesstowhenyouuseakeycard.Fromthis,itbuildsapictureofhowemployeesnormallyfunctionandsignalsanyunusualperformance.Theideaistospotwhensomeonemightbecomeasecurityriskbydoingsomethingdifferentfromtheirusualbehavioralpatterns.“Allofthisgivesusfingerprintofauser,soifwethinkthefingerprintdoesn’tmatch,weraiseawarning”,saysMirceaDumitrescu,thecompany’schieftechnologyofficer.
Thesystemalsoaimstocatchemployeeactionsthatcouldaccidentallycauseasecuritybreach(漏洞),likeopeningmalware(恶意软件).“We’renotmonitoringifyourcomputerhasavirus."saysDumitrescu.“We’remonitoringhumanbehaviors.”
Butcatchingthesecuritybreachmeansmonitoringeveryone,andtheAIcanalsobeusedtotrackemployeeproductivity.“ItseemsliketheyarejustusingthereputationofAItogiveanairoflawfulnesstoold-fashionedworkplacesurveillance(监视),"saysJavierRuizDiazofdigitalcampaigningorganizationtheOpenRightsGroup.“Youhavearighttoprivacyandyoushouldn’tbeexpectedtogivethatupatwork.”
Exactlyhowcompaniesusethesystemwillbeuptothem,butit’shardtoshakethepictureofanAIconstantlylookingoveremployees’shoulders.“Itwillbotherpeople,andthatcouldbecounterproductiveifitaffectstheirbehavior,"saysPaulBemalattheUniversityofEastAnglia.
PhilLeggattheUniversityoftheWestofEnglandsaysitwillnevercatcheverysecurityrisk.“Ifpeopleknowthey’rebeingmonitored,theycanchangetheirbehavior,"hesays.
1.Accordingtothetext,AImonitorsemployeesby________.
A.takingpicturesofthemB.gettingaccesstotheirdata
C.signalingtheirusualperformanceD.catchingtheiractions
2.What’sJavierRuizDiaz’sattitudetowardsthesystem
A.Approving.B.Uncaring.C.Supportive.D.Negative.
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that"inparagraph4referto
A.Securitybreach.B.Employees’productivity.
C.Therighttoprivacy.D.Workplacesurveillance.
4.PhilLegg’sconcernaboutthesystemsuggeststhat________.
A.itistooriskytobeusedatworkB.itwillaffectemployees’emotions
C.itmaynotbesoeffectiveasexpectedD.itwillencourageemployees’productivity
答案BDCC
Passage3(泉州五中王碧燕)
ClaudeMonet,PabloPicassoandLeonardodaVinci...theartworldhasneverlackedtalent.Andnow,anewpainterisreadytojointhelist,althoughthisoneisn'tevenhuman.
Nextmonth,theauctionhouseChristie'sPrintsandMultipleswillmakehistorybyofferingthefirstpieceofartworkcreatedbyartificialintelligence(AI)forsale.ThepaintingisaportraitofamancalledEdmondDeBelamy,andisexpectedtobesoldforupto$10,000.
Thework,whichfeaturesamanwithamysteriouslookonhisface,wascreatedbysoftwaredevelopedbytheFrenchartgroupObvious.Laugero-Lasserre,anartcollector,calledthework"grotesqueandamazingatthesametime".Thisisn'tthefirstexampleofAI-producedartwork,asAIhasalreadybeenusedtowritepoemsandcomposesongs.However,manypeopledoubtwhetheritshouldbecalledartatall.
AccordingtoRussianwriterLeoTolstroy(1828-1910),artisaboutcreatingemotion(情感).It's"ameansof…joiningpeopletogetherinthesamefeelings,"heoncesaid.
So,iftheemotionbehindartiswhatmakesit,theabilitytocreateandusetoolsiswhatmakeshumanbeingsdifferentfromotherspecies.Andasatoolitself,theAItechnologyusedtocreatetheportraitistheresultofalotofeffortmadebyseveraldesigners.Together,they"fed"theAIahugecollectionofpaintingsfromthe14thtothe18thcenturies,untilitwasabletoworkouthowtomakesimilarpaintingsofitsown.
TheintroductionofAIartcouldbethebeginningofanewartisticmovement.However,noteveryoneisreadytowelcomethesehigh-techartistsjustyet.
"Thehumanmindiswhat'sbehindtheAItechnology.Andthehumanmindisnotacold,hardfact,"saidOscarSchwartz,aprofessorofAI."Rather,itissomethingthat'screatedwithouropinionsandsomethingthatchangesovertime."
1.WhydoestheauthormentiontheartistsinParagraph1
A.Tointroducetheirworks.B.Tomakeanadvertisement.
C.Topresentapieceofnews.D.TofocusthetopicontheAI.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwould"grotesque"inParagraph3mean
A.Strange.B.Simple.C.Messy.D.Understandable.
3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheAI-producedartworkaccordingtoParagraph5
A.Itcomesfromhumanworks.B.Itshowshumanabilitytocreate.
C.Itexpresseshumanfeelingseffectively.D.Itisbeyondtheimaginationofhumans.
4.WhatdoesOscarSchwartzthinkthehumanmindiscomparedwiththeAI
A.Limited.B.Decisive.C.Useless.D.Meaningful.
答案DAAB
Passage4(泉州五中王碧燕)
Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatananglethat’s15.4degreesofftotheobserver’sright—welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,“She’snotlookingatyou."Thisissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson’sgaze(凝视)inaphotographorpaintingseemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe“MonaLisaeffect".Thateffectisabsolutelyreal,Horstmannsaid.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,evenpeopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeeltheyarebeinglookedat.Aslongastheangleoftheperson’sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.
Thisisimportantforhumaninteractionwithon-screencharacters.Ifyouwantsomeoneofftotherightsideofaroomtofeelthatapersonon-screenislookingathimorher,youdon’tcutthegazeofthecharactertothatside—surprisingly,doingsowouldmakeanobserverfeellikethecharacterisn’tlookingatanyoneintheroomatall.Instead,youkeepthegazestraightahead.
Horstmannandhisco-authorwerestudyingthiseffectforitsapplicationinthecreationofartificial-intelligenceavatars(虚拟头像)whenHorstmanntookalonglookatthe“MonaLisa"andrealizedshewasn’tlookingathim.
Tomakesureitwasn’tjusthim,theresearchersasked24peopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa"onacomputerscreen.TheysetarulerbetweentheviewerandthescreenandaskedtheparticipantstonotewhichnumberontherulerintersectedMonaLisa’sgaze.TocalculatetheangleofMonaLisa’sgazeasshelookedattheviewer,theymovedtherulerfartherfromorclosertothescreenduringthestudy.Consistently,theresearchersfound,participantsjudgedthatthewomaninthe“MonaLisa"portraitwasnotlookingstraightatthem,butslightlyofftotheirright.
SowhydopeoplerepeatthebeliefthathereyesseemtofollowtheviewerHorstmannisn’tsure.It’spossible,hesaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.Ormaybethepeoplewhofirstcoinedtheterm“MonaLisaeffect"justthoughtitwasacoolname.
1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatthewomaninthepainting“MonaLisa”___________.
A.attractstheviewerstolookback
B.seemsmysteriousbecauseofhereyes
C.fixeshereyesonthebackoftheviewers
D.looksattheviewerswherevertheystand
A.B.C.D.
3.Theexperimentinvolving24peoplewasconductedto______.
A.confirmHorstmann’sbelief
B.createartificial-intelligenceavatars
C.calculatetheangleofMonaLisa’sgaze
D.explainhowtheMonaLisaeffectcanbeapplied
4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage
A.Horstmannthinksit’scooltocointheterm“MonaLisaeffect”.
B.TheMonaLisaeffectcontributestothecreationofartificialintelligence.
C.FeelingbeinggazedatbyMonaLisamaybecausedbythedesireforattention.
D.Thepositionoftherulerintheexperimentwillinfluencetheviewers’judgement.
答案DBAC
Passage5(晋江一中庄璐滢)
What’ssmall,buzzeshereandthereandvisitsflowersIfyousaidbeesorhummingbirds,yougotit.Youwouldn’tbethefirstifyoumixedthetwoup.Nowagroupofresearchersevensayweshouldembraceourhistoryofconsideringthetwotogetherinthesamegroup.Thewayscientistsstudybeescouldhelpthemstudyhummingbirdbehavior,too.
Scientistsfirstcomparedthetwobackinthe1970swhenstudyinghowanimalssearchforfood.Theideaisthatanimalsuseakindofmathtomakechoicesinordertominimizetheworkittakestoearnmaximumrewards.Researchersatthetimefocusedonmovementrules,liketheorderinwhichtheyvisitedflowers,andwhereflowerswerelocatedrelativetoothers.Itwas“almostlikeanalgorithm(算法)"forefficientsearching,saidDavidPritchard,abiologistattheUniversityofSt.AndrewsinScotland.Hummingbirdsandbeeshadsimilarsolutions.
Asthefieldofanimalcognition(认知)appeared,hummingbirdandbeeresearchparted.Neuroscientistsandbehavioralecologistsdevelopedwaystostudybeebehaviorinnaturalisticsettings.Hummingbirdresearcherscomparedhummingbirdstootherbirdsandborrowedmethodsfrompsychologytostudytheirabilitytolearninthelab.Tobefair,hummingbirdsandbeesdiffer.Forexample,hummingbirdshavemoreadvancedeyesandbrainsthanbees.Honeybeesandbumblebeesaresocial;hummingbirdstypicallyaren’t.
Buthowevertheyperceive(感知)orprocessinformation,theybothexperiencesimilarinformation,Dr.Pritchardsaid.Inday-to-daysearchingforfood,forexample,hummingbirdsmayrelyonmoreofabee’s-eyeviewthanabird’s-eyeview.Likeotherbirds,theyrelyonlandmarks,distancesanddirectionstomakemapswhentravellinglongdistances,buttheydon’tusethesecuestofindflowers.Moveaflowerjustaninchorsoawayfromwhereahummingbirdthoughtitwasanditwillhoverovertheflower’soriginallocation.Dr.Pritchardisinvestigatingif,likebees,hummingbirdsengageinviewmatching—hovering,scanningsnapshotsofaplacetoitsmemoryandusingthoseasreferenceslater.
1.Whatisthecenterofresearchonhummingbirdsandbeesinthe1970s
A.Memory.
B.Movementrules.
C.Rewardcalculating.
D.Informationprocessing.
2.Whichsubject’sresearchmethodswereadoptedtostudythelearningabilityofHummingbirds
A.Math.
B.Biology.
C.Ecology.
D.Psychology.
3.Howdoresearchersfindoutthathummingbirdsarenotlikebirds
A.Bysettingthemfree.
B.Bymovingflowers.
C.Bymatchingview.
D.Bymakingmaps.
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext
A.HummingbirdsandBees
B.HummingbirdsintheLab
C.NewTrendsinStudyingBees
D.ThinkingofHummingbirdsasBees
答案BDBD
Passage6(晋江市养正中学吴雪明)
Scientiststhinkthatgrowinggardengrasscouldbethesecrettosolvingourenergyneeds,andwemaysoonbeabletoreplaceourgasolinewith“grassoline”.
Theteam,includingexpertsfromCardiffUniversityinWales,hasshownthathydrogencanbetakenfromgrassinusefulamountswiththehelpofsunlightandacheapcatalyst(催化剂)---somethingthatspeedsupachemicalreactionwithoutbeingusedup.
Itisthefirsttimethatthishasbeenshownanditcouldleadtoasustainable(可持续的)wayofmakinghydrogen,reportedAsianNewsInternational.Thiscouldbeanimportantkindofrenewableenergybecauseitishighinenergyanditdoesnotgiveoutharmfulgaseswhenitisburned.
Studyco-authorMichaelBowkersaid,“Thisisreallyagreensourceofenergy.Hydrogenisseenasanimportantfutureenergycarrierastheworldmovesfromfossilfuelstorenewableenergy,andourresearchhasshownthatevengardengrasscouldbeagoodwayofgettingit.”
Cellulose(纤维素),whichisakeypartofplantsandthebiopolymer(生物聚合物)foundinthelargestnumbersontheearth,couldbeagreatsourceofhydrogen.
Initsstudy,theteamlookedatthepossibilityofgettinghydrogenfromcelluloseusingsunlightandasimplecatalyst.
Thisiscalledphotocatalysis(光催化作用)andinit,thesunlightstartsthecatalyst,whichthenmakescelluloseandwaterintohydrogen.Theresearchersstudiedtheeffectivenessofthreemetal-basedcatalysts,ofwhichnickel(镍)especiallyinterestedtheresearchers,asitisamuchmorecommonmetalthangoldandpalladium(钯)anditsavesmoremoney.
AccordingtoBowker,producinghydrogenfromcelluloseusingphotocatalysishasnotbeenstudiedindetail.Theteam,sresearchshowsthatlargeamountsofhydrogencanbeproducedusingthismethodwiththehelpofabitofsunlightandacheapcatalyst.
Thestudyshowsthatitiseffectivetouserealgrasstakenfromagarden.“Thisisimportantasitavoidstheneedtoseparateandcleanupcellulose,whichcanbebothdifficultandcostly,"saidBowker.
1.Whatareneededtogethydrogenfromgrass
A.Acatalystandpalladium.B.Waterandcellulose.
C.Sunlightandabiopolymer.D.Sunlightandacatalyst.
2.Whyisthenewwayofmakinghydrogenconsideredsignificant
A.Itischeap,greenandsustainable.
B.Itisthebesttoproducetherenewableenergy.
C.Itismoreproductiveandefficientthanothermethods.
D.Itcanreplacethewaytomakefossilfuelscompletely.
3.Whydoesnickelinteresttheresearchersinmakinghydrogenfromcellulose
A.Itcanproducethelargestamountofhydrogen.
B.Itcanavoidseparatingandcleaningupcellulose.
C.Itismorecommonthanothermetalsandcostsless.
D.Itworksquickerthanothermetalsduringphotocatalysis.
4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusmainlyinthispassage
A.Catalyststhatcouldbetakenfromgrass.
B.Anewwayofmakinghydrogenfromcellulose.
C.Thepotentialofhydrogenasarenewableenergy.
D.Theconnectionbetweenhydrogenandphotocatalysis.
答案DACB
Passage7(晋江市养正中学郁蔚)
Peoplehavedifferentwaysofdealingwithacommoncold.Sometakeover-the-counter(非处方的)medicinessuchasaspirinwhileotherstrypopularhomeremedies(冶疗)likeherbalteaorchickensoup.Yethereisthetoughtruthaboutthecommoncold：nothingreallycuresit.
SowhydopeoplesometimesbelievethattheirremediesworkAccordingtoJamesTaylor,professorattheUniversityofWashington,coldsusuallygoawayontheirowninaboutaweek,improvingalittleeachdayaftersymptomspeak,soit'seasytobelieveit’smedicineratherthantimethatdeservesthecredit,USATodayreported.
Itstillseemshardtobelievethatwecandealwithmoreseriousdiseasesyetarepowerlessagainstsomethingsocommonasacold.Recently,scientistscameclosertofiguringoutwhy.Tounderstandit,youfirstneedtoknowhowantiviral(抗病毒的)drugswork.Theyattackthevirusbyattachingtoandchangingthesurfacestructuresofthevirus.Todothat,thedrugmustfitandlockintothevirusliketherightpieceofajigsaw(拼图),whichmeansscientistshavetoidentifythevirusandbuilda3-Dmodeltostudyitssurfacebeforetheycandesignanantiviraldrugthatiseffectiveenough.
Thetwocoldvirusesthatscientistshadlongknownaboutwererhinovirus(鼻病毒)AandB.Buttheydidn’tfindoutabouttheexistenceofathirdvirus,rhinovirusC,until2006.Allthreeofthemcontributetothecommoncold,butdrugsthatworkwellagainstrhinovirusAandBhavelittleeffectwhenusedagainstC.
"Thisexplainsmostofthepreviousfailuresofdrugtrialsagainstrhinovirus,"studyleaderProfessorAnnPalmenbergatUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,US,toldScienceDaily.
Now,morethan10yearsafterthediscoveryofrhinovirusC,scientistshavefinallybuiltahighly-detailed3-Dmodelofthevirus,showingthatthesurfaceofthevirusis,asexpected,differentfromthatofothercoldviruses.
Withthemodelinhand,hopefullyarealcureforacommoncoldisonitsway.Soon,wemaynolongerhavetowasteourmoneyonmedicinesthatdon'treallywork.
1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpopularremediesforacommoncold
A.Theyarequiteeffective.B.Theyareslightlyhelpful.
C.Theyactuallyhavenoeffect.D.Theystillneedtobeimproved.
2.Howdoantiviraldrugswork
A.Bybreakingupcoldvirusesdirectly.
B.Bychangingthesurfacestructuresofthecoldviruses.
C.Bypreventingcoldsfromdevelopingintoseriousdiseases.
D.Byabsorbingdifferentkindsofcoldvirusesatthesametime.
3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage
A.Thesurfaceofcoldviruseslooksquitesimilar.
B.Scientistshavealreadyfoundacureforthecommoncold.
C.ScientistswerenotawareoftheexistenceofrhinovirusCuntilrecently.
D.Knowingthestructureofcoldvirusesisthekeytodevelopinganeffectivecure.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage
A.DrugsagainstcoldvirusesB.Helpfulhomeremedies
C.NocurrentcureforcommoncoldD.Researchoncoldviruses
答案CBDC
Passage8(泉州七中祝敏)
Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry,anewstudyfinds.Overtheirlifetimes,then,urbantreeswilllikelyabsorblessCO2fromtheairthahforesttrees.
Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.However,CO2isagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunas/heat.Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespreadburning-offossil(化石)fuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.
StudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbCO2,buttherehadn’tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrow,dieandabsorbCO2atthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.
Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters(thewidthoftheirtrunks)between2005and2014.Atree’sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson’swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Abouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbon,researchhasshown.Mostoftherestiswater.Overthenineyears’tracking,theresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbonfromtheairasforesttrees.However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmoreCO2.
Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhadlesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.Inaforest,treestendtogrowclosetogether,shadingtheirneighbors.Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen(氮)inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak.
1.WhatcanheknownaboutCO2fromparagraph2
A.Itisoneofthesideeffectsofgreenhouses.
B.Itgreatlyacceleratestheprocessofglobalwarming.
C.Itresultsfromthewidespreadburningoffossilfuels.
D.Itpreventstheearthfrombecomingunsuitabletoliveon.
2.Whydidresearcherstrackthediametersoftrees
A.Toknowabouttheirgrowthrates.
B.Tofindouthowmuchtheyweigh.
C.Tocheckwhethertheywerehealthy.
D.Toassessthecarbonamountsinthem.
3.Whatadvantagedocitytreeshaveoverforesttrees
A.Theyarebetteratcompetingforlight.
B.Theycanenjoymoreshadefromneighbors.
C.Theycanenjoymorewatercomingfromtheair.
D.Theyaremorelikelytoaccessgrowthpromoters.
4.Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinued
A.Howurbantreescanlivelonger.
B.Whycitylivingmakestreesdieyoung.
C.Howtreesrespondtodrysoilconditions.
D.Whyfaster-growingtreesabsorbmoreCO2.
答案DADB
Passage9(永春一中林雄凤)
TheseabirdpopulationonasmallBritishislandoffthecoastDevonandSouthWaleshasincreasedquicklyfollowingtheremovalofrats.
TherehasbeenagrowthinthenumbersofManxshearwater,puffinsandguillemotsonLundyIsland15yearsafteraconservationprojecttoremoveitsratsended.Theprojectwaslaunched'in2003bytheLandmarkTrust,theNationalTrustandTheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds(RSPB),andaimedtokilltheratsbecausetheywerethebiggestthreattothesurvivalofthebirds.Acull(选择性宰杀)costing50,000poundswasusedtogetridof40,000ratsontheislandwhenpuffinnumbersfelltofewerthan10pairs.
HelenBooker,seniorconservationofficerforRSPBinsouth-westEngland,saidtheorganizationisdelightedwiththeresults.Thisstudyclearlyshowshowquicklyandpositivelyseabirdsrespondtotheremovalofnon-nativepredators(捕猎者),"shesaid."Ofcourse,wehadexpectedmajorpopulationincreaseswhentheprojectwaslaunched,butthescaleofthisrecoveryhasfarbeyondourexpectations."
DeanJones,theinspectoronLundy,whichismanagedbytheLandmarkTrust,saidtherecoveryoftheseabirdsasapositive,butthatitisimportanttoremaincautious."ItisexcitingtoseethislevelofrecoveryinManxshearwaters,oneofourmostimportantseabirds.Inspringtheislandcomesaliveatnightwiththesoundoftheseamazingbirds.Theincreasesinpuffins,guillemotsandrazorbillsarealsoveryencouragingforthefutureofseabirdsonLundyandwearemaintainingourattentiontoensureratscannotreturntotheisland."
Arecentstudyfoundthatnearly10percentofendangeredbird,mammal,amphibianandreptilespeciescouldbesavedbycullinginvasive(入侵的)mammalssuchascatsandratson169islands.Butratremovalprogramshavebeencontroversialwithsomeanimalrightsactivists,whohavearguedthattheblackratisoneofthecountry'smostendangeredmammals.
1.WhydidBritishcarryouttheprojecttoremoverats
A.Tokillinvasivespecies.B.Tosaveseabirdsindanger.
C.Tokeepbalanceinnature.D.Todecreasetherat'snumber.
2.Whatcanweinferabouttheratremovalproject
A.Itisfavoredbyanimalrightsgroups.
B.Itstartedwhenguillemotisnearlydyingout.
C.Ithasprotected10%ofspeciesonUK's169islands.
D.Itcontributestomoreincreasesinseabirdsthanexpected.
3.WhatwillbedonenextaccordingtoDeanJones
A.Planthefutureofseabirds.B.Speeduptherecoveryofseabirds.
C.Keepacarefulwatchforrats.D.Continuetodriveawayratsandcats.
4.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom
A.Anewsreport.B.Aresearchpaper.C.Abiologytextbook.D.Amedicalmagazine.
答案BDCA
Passage10(晋江季延中学吴珊妹)
Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovesebeingkilledrightbeneaththeirwindows.Shewastheirneighbor.Yetnoneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.Wasthisongunman’scrueltyWasitlackoffeelingaboutone’sfellowman
Notso,sayscientistsJohnBarleyandBibFatane.Thesemenwentbeyondtheheadlinestoseekthereasonswhypeopledidn’tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwostepsbeforehecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatisanemergency.
Supposeyouseeamiddle-agedmanfalltotheside-walk.IshehavingaheartattackIsheinacomafromdiabetes(糖尿病)Orisheabouttosleepoffadrunk
Second,andmoreimportant,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonallyresponsible.Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,orthepersonwon’tgetthehelpheneeds.
Theresearchersfoundthatalotdependsonhowmanypeoplearearound.Theyhadcollegestudentsintobetested.Somecamealone.Somecamewithoneortwoothers.Andsomecameinlargegroups.Thereceptioniststartedthemoffonthetests.Thenshewentintothenextroom.Therewasacurtainbetweenthetestingroomandtheroomintowhichshewent.Soonthestudentsheardascream,thenoiseoffilecabinetsfallingandacryforhelp.Allofthishadbeenpre-recordedonatape-recorder.
Eightoutoftenofthestudentstakingthetestaloneactedtohelp.Ofthestudentsinpairs,onlytwooutoftenhelped.Ofthestudentsingroups,nonehelped.
Inotherwords,inagroup,Americansoftenfailtoact.Theyfeelthatotherswillact.They,themselves,needn’t.Theydonotfeelanydirectresponsibility.
ArepeoplebotheredbysituationswherepeopleareintroubleYes.Scientistsfoundthatthepeoplewereemotional,theysweated,andtheyhadtremblinghands.Theyfelttheotherperson’strouble.Buttheydidnotact.Theiractionswereshapedbytheactionsofthosetheywerewith.
1.Thepurposeofthispassageis____________.
A．topersuadepeopletoactinemergencies
B．toexposehowpeoplefeelinemergencies
C．totellwhatpeopleshoulddoinemergencies
D．toexplainwhypeoplefailtoactinemergencies
2.Theexperimentshowsthatpeoplewillactinemergencieswhen__________.
A．theyarealone
B．theyareinpairs
C．theyareingroups
D．theyarewiththeirfriends
3.Themainreasonwhypeoplefailtoactwhentheystaytogetheristhat________.
A．theyareafraidofemergencies
B．otherswillactiftheythemselveshesitate
C．theyareunwillingtogetthemselvesinvolved
D．theyhavenodirectresponsibilityforthosewhoneedhelp
4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeoplewhodonotactinemergencies
A．Critical.B．Neutral.C．Supportive.D．Sympathetic.
Passage11(惠安一中汪茗兰)
TechnologyoffersconveniencessuchasopeningthegaragedoorfromyourcarorchangingthetelevisionstationwithouttouchingtheTV.
NowoneAmericancompanyisofferingitsemployeesanewconvenience:amicrochipimplantedintheirhands.Employeeswhohavethesechipscandoallkindsofthingsjustbywavingtheirhands.ThreeSquareMarketisofferingtoimplantmicrochipsinalloftheiremployeesforfree.Eachchipcosts$300andThreeSquareMarketwillpayforthechip.Employeescanvolunteertohavethechipsimplantedintheirhands.About50outof80employeeshavechosentodoso.Thepresidentofthecompany,hiswifeandtheirchildrenarealsogettingchipsimplantedintheirhands.
Thechipisaboutthesizeofagrainofrice.Implantingthechiponlytakesaboutasecondandissaidtohurtonlyverybriefly.Thechipsgoundertheskinbetweenthethumbandforefinger.Withachipinthehand,apersoncanentertheofficebuilding,buyfood,signintocomputersandmore,simplybywavingthathandnearascanner.Thechipswillhealsousedtoidentifyemployees.Employeeswhowantconvenience,butdonotwanttohaveamicrochipimplantedundertheirskin,canwearawristband(腕带)oraringwithachipinstead.Theycanperformthesametaskswithawaveoftheirhandsasiftheyhadanimplantedchip.
ThreeSquareMarketisthefirstcompanyintheUnitedStatestooffertoimplantchipsinitsemployees.Epicenter,acompanyinSweden,hasbeenimplantingchipsinitsemployeesforawhile.
ThreeSquareMarketsaysthechipcannottracktheemployees.Thecompanysaysscannerscanreadthechipsonlywhentheyarewithinafewinchesofthem.“Thechipsprotectagainstidentitytheft,similartocreditcards."TheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationapprovedthechipsbackin2004,sotheyshouldbesafeforhumans,accordingtothecompany.
Inthefuture,peoplewiththechipsmaybeabletodomorewiththem,evenoutsidetheoffice.ToddWestbyisChiefExecutiveOfficerofThreeSquareMarket.Hesays,“Eventually,thistechnologywillbecomestandardizedallowingyoutousethisasyourpassport,publictransit,allpurchasingopportunities,etc."
1.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout
A.Thesubstitutesofthechips.B.Thepotentialrisksofimplantingthechips.
C.Theplacestoimplantthechips.D.Theadvantagesofthechips.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them"inParagraph5referto
A.thehandsB.thescannersC.theemployeesD.thecreditcards
3.Wecaninferthat_____.
A.thechipshavemagicpowers
B.thepriceofthechipsisreasonable
C.thechipsareverypopularamongtheemployees
D.mostpeoplesuspecttheapplicationofthechips
4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesToddWestby'sattitudetowardsthechips
A.Defensive.B.Disappointing.C.Casual.D.Optimistic.
答案DBCD
Passage12(惠安教师进修学校郑惠琴)
Pictureaniceberg(冰山).You'llprobablyimaginesomethingwhiteassnowrisingupoutofabluesea.Buticebergscanbeallsortsofshades.Theycanbefromafrostybluetoanattractivegreen.
Researchersandsailorshaveobservedemerald(翠绿色)icebergsforyears.Alargepieceofice"mast-high"and"greenasemerald"evenappearsinSamuelTaylorColeridge's1834poem.Buttheyhaven'tfoundoutexactlywhytheseicebergslookthewaytheydo.
AnewpaperledbyStephenWarrenwaspublished.Itallhastodowithwhaticebergsaremadeoutof.Icebergsbreakoffglaciers(冰川)oriceshelves,whichhappensmainlyaroundAntarcticaandGreenland.Theybegintheirlivesassnowfallthataccumulatesovertime.Soicebergscontainairpocketswiththeformofbubblesthatspreadlight.Withsomeexceptionsandrarelines,glaciericetendstolookbluishwhite.
Atfirst,Warrenguessedthatthegreenwasaproductofmeltcarbon.Anditcamefromrottingplantsorseaanimals.Butsamples(样本)didn'tproveit.AnotherideastartedtotakeshapeaftertheyhadfoundahighconcentrationofironinasampleofseaicefromtheAmeryIceShelf.
Whenglaciersrubacrossland,theyproducewhat'sknownasglacierflour.Itisaproductofbedrockbeinggroundclownbythemovingmass.Asglaciersmoveaway,theseremainsareusuallywashedoutintowater.Theparticlesaresometimestoosmalltobenoticeabletoyoureyes.Butonland,soilandrockscontainironoxidesthatoftenhaverosycolors,likereds,yellows,andbrowns---andsincetheseaicecontained500timesmoreironthantheglacierice,Warrenwonderedwhethertheremainswereresponsibleforicebergstakingonagreenappearance.
Hedoesn'tknowforsure.He'shopingtosecuremoneysothathecanreturntotheareaandstudytheicebergsthemselves.
1.WhyisSamuelTaylorColeridge'spoemmentionedinthetext
A.Ittellswhyicebergslookthewaytheydo.
B.Itdescribesvividlywhaticebergsarelike.
C.Itsayscausesoftheappearanceoficebergs.
D.Itprovestheexistenceofcolorfulicebergs.
2.WhatcanweknowaboutStephenWarren'spaper
A.Itdrawsonresearchers'andsailors'views.
B.Itistherecordofthemovementoficebergs.
C.Ittalksabouthowicebergscomeintobeing.
D.Itisacollectionofvarioussocialphenomena.
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph4referto
A.Asampleofseaice.B.Warren'sfirstguess.
C.Warren'sideaoniron.D.Aproductofmeltcarbon.
4.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout
A.Thepossiblereasonwhyicebergslookgreen.
B.Wheremostoficebergseventuallydisappear.
C.Howicebergstakeinthecolorsfromglaciers.
D.Thewayinwhichicebergsbreaksoffglaciers.
答案DCBA
Passage13(洛江教师进修学校黄旭)
ScientistsattheUniversityofOxfordhavedevelopednewartificialintelligence(AI)softwaretorecognizeandfollowupthefacesofchimpanzees(黑猩猩)inthewild.Thenewsoftwarewillallowresearchersandwildlifeconservationiststosignificantlycutbackontimespentanalyzingvideos,accordingtothenewpaperpublishedinScienceAdvances.
Forspecies(物种)likechimpanzees,whichhavecomplexsociallivesandliveformanyyears,gettingphotosoftheirbehaviortakenfromshort-termfieldresearchcanonlytellussomuch,"saysDanSchofield,researcherandDPhilstudentatOxfordUniversity’sPrivateModelsLab,SchoolofAnthropology.“Bytakingadvantageofthepowerofmachinelearningtounlocklargevideofiles,itmakesitpossibletomeasurebehavioroverthelongterm.’’
Thecomputermodelwastrainedusingover10millionimages(影像):fromKyotoUniversitysPrimateResearchInstitute(PRI)videofilesofwildchimpanzeesinGuinea,WestAfrica.Thenewsoftwareisthefirsttocontinuouslytrackandrecognizeindividualawiderangeofposes,performingwithhighaccuracyindifficultconditionssuchaslowlightingandpoorimagequality.
“Accesstothislargevideofilehasallowedustousedeepneuralnetworkstotrainmodelstoadegreethatwaspreviouslynotpossible,"saysArshaNagrad,co-autherofthestudyandDPhilstudentattheDepartmentofEngineerScience,UniversityofOxford."Additionally,ournewsoftwarediffersfrompreviousprimatefacerecognitionsoftwareinthatitcanbeappliedtovideoswithlimitedmanualintervention(人工干预),savinghours
oftime.”
ThetechnologycanbepotentiallyusedtomonitorspeciesforconservationAlthoughthepresentapplicationfocusesonchimpanzees,theAIsoftwareprovidedwillbeappliedtootherspecies,andhelpdrivetheadoptionofAIsystemstosolve(解决)arangeofproblemsinthewildlifesciences.
1.Whatisthepurposeofdevelopingthenewsoft
A.Tosavewildliferesearchers’timespentinthelabs.
B.Tokeeptrackofwildlifeconservationists'behaviors.
C.Toprotectchimpanzeesandhelpthemtolivelonger.
D.Torecognizeandtrackthefacesofwildchimpanzees.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it"inparagraph2referto
A.Gettingphotos.B.Analyzingvideos.
C.ApowerfulmachineD.ThenewAIsoftware.
3.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout
A.Theworkingprincipleofthenewsoftware.B.Somelimitationsofusingthenewsoftware.
C.Theuniqueadvantagesofthenewsoftware.D.Controversialattitudestothenewsoftware.
4.Whatcanbeknownfromthelastparagraph
A.Technologyadvanceisthefinalgoalofscience
B.Thenewsoftwarewon’tjustbeappliedtochimpanzees.
C.AIsystemsarewidelyusedinthewildlifesciences.
D.Theapplicationofthenewtechnologyisn’teasy.
答案DDCB
Passage14(德化教师进修学校林春红)
Ifmathsisthelanguageoftheuniverse,beesmayhavejustutteredtheirfirstwords.Newresearchsuggeststhesebusybodiesoftheinsectworldarecapableofadditionandsubtraction(减法)—usingcolorsintheplaceofplusandminussymbols.
Scientiststrained14beestolinkthecolorsblueandyellowtoadditionandsubtraction,respectively.TheyplacedthebeesattheentranceofaY-shapedmaze(迷宫),wheretheywereshownseveralshapesineitheryelloworblue.Iftheshapeswereblue,beesgotarewardiftheywenttotheendofthemazewithonemoreblueshape(theotherendhadonelessblueshape);iftheshapeswereyellow,theygotarewardiftheywenttotheendofthemazewithonelessyellowshape.
Thoughtheresultscamefromjust14bees,researcherssaytheadvanceisexciting.Ifabrainabout20,000timessmallerthanourscanperformmathsusingsymbols,itcouldpavethewaytonovelapproachesinartificialintelligence(AI)andmachinelearning.Justdon’taskthebeestodoyourhomeworkanytimesoon.
1.Whydothescientistsconducttheresearch
A.Toteachthemmaths.B.Totestthepoweroftinybrains.
C.Toexplainthemeaningofcolors.D.Togetaccesstomachinelearning.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aced"inParagraph5probablymean
A.Givenup.B.Enteredfor.C.Gotthrough.D.Checkedover.
3.Whatmighttheresearchmakecontributionsto
A.Languageacquisition.B.Arithmeticlearning.
C.Protectionofanimals.D.DevelopmentofAI.
4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext
A.Bees“Like"Counting
B.Bees“Tell"ColorsApart
C.Bees“Perform"MathsUsingShapes
D.Bees“Get"AdditionandSubtraction
答案BCDD
Passage15(泉州培元中学黄开连)
AninternationalteamofscientistsinvolvingTheUniversityofWesternAustralia'sSchoolofMolecularSciences,theARCCentreofExcellenceinPlantEnergyBiologyandLundUniversityhasmadethesurprisingdiscoverythataplant'sreactiontorainisclosetooneofpanic.
"WhenMyc2isactivated,thousandsofgenesspringintoactionpreparingtheplant'sdefences,"ProfessorMillarsaid."Thesewarningsignalstravelfromleaftoleafandinducearangeofprotectiveeffects."
"Astowhyplantswouldneedtopanicwhenitrains,strangeasitsounds,rainisactuallytheleadingcauseofdiseasespreadingbetweenplants."
"Whenaraindropsplashesacrossaleaf,tinydropletsofwaterricochetinalldirections.Thesedropletscancontainbacteria,viruses,orfungalspores.Asingledropletcanspreadtheseupto10metrestosurroundingplants."
Evidencealsosuggeststhatwhenitrains,thesamesignalsspreadingacrossleavesaretransmittedtonearbyplantsthroughtheair.
"Ifaplant'sneighborshavetheirdefencemechanismsturnedon,theyarelesslikelytospreaddisease,soit'sintheirbestinterestforplantstospreadthewarningtonearbyplants.
"Whendangeroccurs,plantsarenotabletomoveoutofthewaysoinsteadtheyrelyoncomplexsignalingsystemstoprotectthemselves."
1.Myc2isactivatedto__________.
A.causepanicB.defendtheplant
C.spreadthediseaseD.springintoaction
2．Wecanlearnfromthethelast5paragraphsthat．
A．Signalsaretransmittedtonearbyplantsthroughraindrops.
B．Jasmonicacidisusedtosendsignalsamongleafs.
C．It’suselessforplantstospreadthewarningtonearbyplants.
D．Plantsdefendthemselvesusingverycomplicatedsignalingsystems.
3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intriguing"inthelastparagraphprobablymean
A．interestingB．important
C．disappointingD．frustrating
4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage
A．APlant’sReactionToRain
B．SignalsTriggeredWhenWaterLands
C．WhyPlantsPanicWhenItRains
D．PlantsAndRaindrops
答案BDAC
Passage16(安溪第一中学何丽霞)
RecordfiressweepingacrosstheAmazonthismonthhavebeengrabbingglobalheadlinesasscientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillaggravateclimatechangecrisisandthreatenbiodiversity(生物多样性).
Asthelargestrainforestintheworld,theAmazonisoftencalled“thelungsoftheworld”.Itisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesofplantsandanimals,and1millionindigenous(当地的)people.Thevastswaths(大片土地)ofrainforestplayanimportantroleintheworld’secosystembecausetheyabsorbheatinsteadofitbeingreflectedbackintotheatmosphere.Theyalsostorecarbondioxideandproduceoxygen,ensuringthatlesscarbonisreleased,mitigatingtheeffectsofclimatechange.
“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandthepeoplewhousethatbiodiversity,"ThomasLovejoy,anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic.“Theoverwhelmingthreatisthatalotofcarbongoesintotheatmosphere,"hestressed.“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis,wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonmustbeprotected,"U.N.SecretaryGeneralAntonioGuterressaid.
DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showthatthenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedby82percentfromJanuarytoAugustthisyearfromayearago.Atotalof71,497forestfireswereregisteredinthecountryinthefirsteightmonthsof2019,upfrom39,194inthesameperiodin2018,INPEsaid.“WeestimatethattheforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonhavedecreasedsomethingbetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months,"CarlosNobre,aresearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo,toldGermanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.
Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest,whosedegradationcouldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined,buttheemergencyhastranscended(超出)Brazil’sborders,reachingPeruvian,ParaguayanandBolivianregions.
1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlytalkingabout
A.Theeffectsofclimatechange.
B.TheroleoftheAmazonrainforest.
C.TheresultsoftheAmazonrainforestfires.
D.Thecausesofthedecreasingbiodiversity.
2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“mitigating"underlinedinParagraph2
A.Easing.B.Causing.C.Worsening.D.Benefitting.
3.WhatcanwelearnfromThomas’sandAntonio’swords
A.Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestsunique.
B.Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.
C.Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.
D.Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.
4.WhydoestheauthorlistthenumbersinParagraph4
A.Toprovetheimportanceofrainforest.B.Toshowtheinfluenceofforestfires.
C.Toexplaintheprocessoftheresearch.D.Topresentthereductionofrainforestareas.
5.Whichsectionofamagazineisthistextprobablytakenfrom
A.Sportsandmusic.B.Scienceandtechnology.
C.Natureandgeography.D.Businessandculture.
答案BABDC
Passage17(石光中学邱亚远)
Gettingstuckinatrafficjamisoneofthemostboringproblemsforpeoplelivinginbigcities.Thefactthatyou'removingsoslowlyleadstoostress,angerandthewishthatyourcarcouldjustflyoverthetrafficlikeanairplane.
Soon,however,thatwishcouldcometrue.OnMay8,UScar-rentingcompanyUbershowedoffwhatitdescribedas"thetransportationmodeofthefuture:on-demandairtransport,"reportedABCNews.
AccordingtoNikhillGoel,headofproductsforUberAir,thecompany'sairtaxiservicemaylaunchtestflightsintheUScitiesofDallasandLosAngeles,aswellasDubaiintheUnitedArabEmirates,asearlyas2020.Ifeverythinggoesaccordingtoplan,passengerswillbeabletoflytoworkby2023.
WhentheOlympicscomestoLosAngelesin2028.Uber"expectstohavehundreds,ifnotthousands,ofitsaircraftintheskies."GoeltoldNewsweek.
SowhatwouldUber'sflyingvehiclesbelike
Theyaresmall,electricaircraftthattakeoffandlandvertically(垂直地),andtheygiveoffzeroemissions(排放)andarequietenoughtooperateincities.
Justlikeanairplane,thevehicleswillhavefixedwingstohelpthemglide.Butwhileahelicopterhasjustonebigfixedrotor(定量).Uber'svehicleswillhavemultiplerotors,whichwillhelpincreasefuelefficiency(效率)whilereducingemissionsandnoise.
Becauseofthesefixedwinesandmultiplerotors.Uber'sflyingtaxis"shouldbequieterandsaferthanahelicopter."reportedABCNews.
However,theservicestillhasalongwaytogobeforeit'sreadytoacceptpassengers.Forexample,toavoidanypotentialaccidents.UberisworkingwithNASAtostudyairtrafficcontrolproblemsassociatedwithlow-flyingaircraft.ButjustasDubai'sMayorBettyPricesaidinanewsrelease."Thisprogramisrevolutionaryandfuture-oriented(面向未来的)."
1.Uber'sflyingtaxisareexpectedtostarttotakepassengersin______.
A.2020B.2023C.2028D.2030
2.HowareUber'sflyingtaxisdifferentfromhelicopters
A.TheyhaveonebigrotorB.Theyneedmorefueltofly.
C.TheyhavefewerfixedwingsD.Theyshouldbequieterandsafer
3.Whichistrueabouttheflyingcarsaccordingtothepassage
A.Theycanbeasefficientasairplanesandhelicopters
B．Theymustbeinlargernumberafewyearslater.
C.Theynearlydonoharmtotheenvironment.
D.Theywillsurelyhelppassengersavoidaccidents.
4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout
A.Ubersplantolaunchflyingtaxis
B.TheadvantagesofUbersflyingtaxis
C.DifferentopinionsaboutUber'sflyingtaxis.
D.ThedifficultiesUberisfacingintestingflyingvehicles
Passage18(泉港一中李敏)
Electricaldevices(仪器)couldsoonusepowermadebyhumanenergy.Scientistssaytheyhavedevelopedanexperimentaldevicethatproduceselectricityfromthephysicalmovementofapersonwalking.BritishscientistMaxDonelanandotherscientistsinCanadaandtheUnitedStatesdevelopedthedevice.
Thedeviceconnectstoaperson’sknee.Asthepersonwalks,thedevicecapturesenergyeachtimethepersonslowsdown.Todothis,thedevicehelpswiththeslowingdownmovementoftheleg.Themovementsofthewalkingpersonpushpartsofasmallmachinethatproduceselectricity.Usingthedevice,anadultwalkingquicklycouldproducethirteenwattsofelectricityinjustaminute.Donelansayswalkingatthatspeedcouldproduceenoughpowertooperatealaptopcomputerforsixminutes.
Thereareseveralpossibleusesforthedevice.Developerssayitcouldhelppeoplewhoworkinareaswithoutelectricitytooperatesmallcomputers.Thedevicecouldalsobeusedinhospitalstooperateheartpacemakers(起搏器).Itcouldevenbeusedtoassistinthemovementofroboticarmsandlegs.
Theexperimentalversionofthedeviceweighsaboutoneandahalfkilograms,butitistoocostlyformostpeopletobuy.Buttheresearchershopetomakealighter,lesscostlyversion.Animprovedversionshou1dbereadyinoneyear.
Thedevelopershopethedevicewillonedayhelpdevelopingcountries.Near1ytwentyfivepercentofpeoplearoundtheworldlivewithoutelectricpower.
Asimilarproductwasinventedin2005byLarryRomeoftheUniversityofPennsylvania.Hecreatedabagcarriedonaperson’sbackthatalsoproducespowerfromwa1king.
Thekneedevicedoesnotproduceasmuchelectricityasthebag.Butthebagrequiresthewalkertocarryaloadoftwentytothirtykilograms.
1.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabout.
A.whodevelopedthedevice
B.howthedeviceworks
C.severalpossibleusesforthedevices
D.howmuchelectricitythedevicecanproduce
2.ComparedwiththedevicedesignedbyLarryRome,thisnewdevice.
A.producespowerwithoutaddingmoreloadstothewalker
B.canproducemorepowerinamuchshortertime
C.needstobeequippedwithabattery
D.canhelpthewalkerwa1kfaster
3.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheelectricaldevicecan.
A.helphousewivesoperatethewashingmachine
B.makeitmucheasierforustogoonline
C.producemoreelectricitythanthatinventedbyLarryRome
D.beappliedinmedicinetooperateheartpacemakers
4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage
A.Firstdevicepoweredbywalkingwi1lsoonbeonthemarket
B.Advancedtechnologybringsinanewwaytooperateheartpacemakers
C.Devicegivesnewmeaningtotheideaofpowerwalking
D.Humanenergywillbecomeamainsourceofelectricity
答案BADC
Passage19(惠安嘉惠中学刘约航)
Brrriiinnng.Thealarmclockannouncesthestartofanotherbusyweekdayinthemorning.Youjumpoutofbed,rushintotheshower,intoyourclothesandoutthedoorwithhardlyamomenttothink.Astressfuljourneytoworkgetsyourbloodpressureclimbing.Onceattheoffice,youglancethroughthenewspaperwithdepressingstoriesorreportsofdisasters.Inthatsortofmood,whocangetdowntowork,particularlysomecreative,originalproblem-solvingwork
Thewaymostofusspendourmorningsisexactlyoppositetotheconditionsthatpromoteflexible,open-mindedthinking.Imaginativeideasaremostlikelytocometouswhenwe’reunfocused.Ifyouareoneofthoseenergeticmorningpeople,yourmostinventivetimecomesintheearlyeveningwhenyouarerelaxed.Sleepypeople’slackoffocusleadstoanincreaseincreativeproblemsolving.Bynotgivingyourselftimetotuneintoyourwanderingmind,you’remissingoutonthesurprisingsolutionsitmayoffer.
Thetripyoutaketoworkdoesn’thelp,either.Thestressslowsdownthespeedwithwhichsignalstravelbetweenneurons(神经细胞),makinginspirationslesslikelytooccur.Andwhileweallshouldreadalotaboutwhat’sgoingonintheworld,itwouldnotmakeyoufeelgoodforsure,soputthatnewswebsiteornewspaperasideuntilaftertheday’sworkisdone.
SowhatwouldourmorningslooklikeifwewantedtostartthemwithafullcapacityforcreativeproblemsolvingWe’dsetthealarmafewminutesearlyandlieawakeinbed,followingourthoughtswheretheylead.We’dstandalittlelongerunderthewarmwateroftheshower,stoppingthinkingabouttasksinfavorofafewmoreminutesofrelaxation.We’dtakesomedeepbreathsonourwaytowork,insteadofcomplainingaboutheavytraffic.Andonceintheoffice—afterwegetacupofcoffee—we’dclickonlinksnottothenewsofthedaybuttothefunniestvideosthewebhastooffer.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,wearemorecreativewhenweare_______.
A.focused
B.relaxed
C.awake
D.busy
2.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers
A.Theyaresolutionproviders.
B.Theyareasourceofinspiration.
C.Theyarenormallyfullofbadnews.
D.Theyaremoreeducationalthanwebsites.
3.By“tuneintoyourwanderingmind"(inPara.2),theauthormeans“_______”.
A.wanderintothewild
B.listentoabeautifultune
C.switchtothetrafficchannel
D.stopconcentratingonanything
4.Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto_______.
A.offerpracticalsuggestions
B.summarizepastexperiences
C.advocatediversewaysoflife
D.establisharoutineforthefuture
答案BCDA
Passage20(铭选中学王朝霞)
NASA’sCuriosityvehiclerecentlyrecordedthelargestlevelofmethane（甲烷）evermeasuredduringitsseven-yearMarsmission.ThediscoveryisexcitingbecausetheexistenceofmethanegascouldsupportthecaseforlifeonMars.
Methanehasnocolororsmell.AspecialinstrumentonCuriosity’sMarsScienceLaboratoryrecordedtheincreasedgaslevel.Thedevice,calledalaserspectrometer,measureslevelsofchemicalelementsandgasesintheMartianatmosphere.Inadditiontomethane,theinstrumentcanrecordlevelsofwaterandCO2.NearlyallthemethanegasfoundinEarth’satmosphereisproducedbybiologicalactivity.Itusuallycomesfromanimalandplantlife.Butitcanalsobeformedbygeological（地质的）processes,suchasinteractionsbetweenrocksandwater.NASAsaidtheincreasedmethanewasmeasuredtobeabout21partsperbillionbyvolume(ppbv).OneppbvmeansthatifyoutakeavolumeofaironMars,onebillionthofthevolumeofairismethane.
ItwasnotthefirsttimeCuriosityhasfoundmethanegasintheMartianatmosphere.Aboutayearago,NASAannouncedthatCuriosityhaddiscoveredsharpseasonalincreasesinthegas.Thistime,NASAsaidthemeasuredmethanegaslevelwasclearlylargerthananyothersobservedinthepast.NASAofficialseventemporarilystoppedCuriosity’sotheractivitiestoinvestigatefurther.
“It’sexcitingbecausemicrobial（微生物的）lifeisanimportantsourceofmethaneonEarth,”NASAsaidinastatementannouncingthediscovery.However,Curiosity’steamcarriedoutafollow-upmethaneexperimentthatshowedasharpdropinlevelsofthegas.Thesecondexaminationfoundthelevelwaslessthanonepartperbillionbyvolume.ThatnumberwasclosetothebackgroundlevelsCuriosityseesallthetime.TheriseandfallofthemethanegaslevelsleftNASAscientistswithmorequestionsthananswers.Thescientistsarecontinuingtostudypossiblecausesforthesuddenincrease.Themethanemysterycontinues.
Curiositydoesnothaveinstrumentsthatcanexactlyidentifywhetherthesourceofthemethaneisbiologicalorgeological.Oneleadingtheoryisthatmethaneisbeingreleasedfromundergroundareascreatedbypossiblelifeformsthatdisappearedlongago.EventhoughMarshasnoactivevolcanoes,scientistsbelieveitisalsopossiblethatmethaneisbeingproducedbyreactionsinvolvingcarbonmaterialsandwater.
Aclearerunderstandingofmethanelevelsovertimecouldhelpscientistsdeterminewherethey’relocatedonMars.ScientistshopethisunderstandingwillcomeasCuriositycontinuestocollectmethanedatainitssearchforpossiblelife.
1.Curiositydiscovered________.
A.thelargestmethanegasleveleveronMarsB.theexistenceoflifeonMars
C.thereasonfortheincreasedmethaneD.interactionsbetweenrocksandwater
2.WhydidNASAofficialsoncestopCuriosity’sotheractivities
A.ToseekpossiblelifeexistingonMars.
B.TocheckthequalityofCuriosity’smission.
C.Tofindseasonalincreasesinthemethanegas.
D.TofurtherexaminethemethanegaslevelonMars.
3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastthreeparagraphs
A.CausesforthechangeofmethanehavebeenprovedbyCuriosity.
B.Curiosityhasprovedthelocationofmethanebyinstruments.
C.Scientiststhinkundergroundmaterials’reactionsmayproducemethane.
D.IdentifyingthesourceofmethanehelpsscientistssearchforpossiblelifeonMars.
4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom________.
A.ageographytextbookB.asciencenewspaper
C.ahealthmagazineD.atravelbrochure
答案ADCB
Passage21
CaoYuan,aPhDstudentfromChina,hadtwopaperspublishedonstrangebehaviourinatom-thicklayersofcarbonthathaveopenedupanewfieldofphysics．
PabloJarillo-Herrero’sgroupatMITwasalreadylayeringandrotating(旋转)sheetsofcarbonatdifferentangleswhenCaojoinedthelabin2014.Cao’sjobwastofindoutwhathappenedwhenonegraphene(石墨烯)sheetwastwistedonlyslightlywithrespecttotheother,whichonetheorypredictedwouldthoroughlychangethematerial’sbehaviour．
Manyphysicistsdoubtedtheidea.ButwhenCaosetouttocreatethesubtlytwistedstacks,hespottedsomethingstrange.Exposedtoasmallelectricfieldandcooledto1.7degreesaboveabsolutezero,thegraphene---whichordinarilyconductselectricity---becameaninsulator.Thatbyitselfwassurprising.Butthebestwasyettocome:withaslightchangetothefield,thetwistedsheetsbecameasuperconductor,inwhichelectricityflowedwithoutresistance．
Theabilitytogetatom-thickcarbonintoacomplexelectronicstatethroughasimplerotationnowhasphysicsdemandingtoengineerexcitingbehaviorinothertwisted2Dmaterials.Someevenhopethatgraphenecouldshedlightonhowmore-complexmaterialssuperconductatmuchhighertemperatures.“Therearesomanythingswecando,"saysCoryDean,aphysicistatColumbiaUniversity.“Theopportunitiesathandnowarealmostirresistible.”
Hittinggraphene’s“magicangle”---arotationbetweenparallelsheetsofaround1.1°---involvedsometrialanderror,butCaowassoonabletodoitreliably.Hisexperimentalskillwasextremelyimportant,sayshissupervisorJarillo-Herrero.Caopioneeredamethodoftearingasinglesheetofgraphenesothathecouldcreateastackoftwolayers,fromwhichhecouldthenfine-tunealignment(微调校准)．
Caolovestotakethingsapartandrebuildthem.Aheart,heis“atinkerer”,hissupervisorsays.Onhisowntime,thismeansphotographingthenightskyusinghomemadecamerasandtelescopes---piecesofwhichusuallylieacrossCao’soffice.“EverytimeIgoin,it’sahugemess,withcomputerstakenapartandpiecesoftelescopealloverhisdesk,"saysJarillo-Herrero．
1.WhatisCaoYuan’sachievement
A.Creatingamethodofpilingcarbon．
B.Findingthesuperconductivityofgraphene．
C.Makingequipmenttotwistgraphene．
D.Startingresearchonanewfieldofphysics．
2.WhatdoweknowfromCoryDean’swords
A.Thefindingcanbeappliedtoallmaterials．
B.Itiscertainthatmanynewdiscoveriesareontheway．
C.Thediscoverysuggestspotentialforothertwisted2Dmaterials．
D.Physicistshavebeenpushedtofindmoreatom-thickcarbonlayers．
3.WhatdoesJarillo-HerrerothinkiskeytoCaoYuan’sdiscovery
A.Hismethodoftearingsheets．
B.Hisknowledgeofphysics．
C.Hiscuriosityaboutgraphene．
D.Hisskillinexperiments．
4.WhatcanweinferaboutJarillo-Herrero
A.Heisanexpertintelescope．
B.HethinkshighlyofCaoYuan．
C.Heappreciatesmessyoffices．
D.HefollowsCaoYuan'sresearch．
答案BCDB
Passage22
Overahundredyearsagoin1911,somethingstrangewasfoundintheglaciersofAntarctica.CrilffithTaylor----anAustraliangeologist,haddiscoveredablood-redstreampouringoutoftheicecascades(瀑布)ofTalorGlacier!
PopularlyknownastheBloodFalls,scientistshadnotbeenabletofindthereasonbehindtheblood-redliquidflowingthroughtheice----untilrecently.ThemysteryoftheBloodFallshadfinallybeensolved.
Thistheorymadesense,untilitwaslaterfoundthatalgaedonotplayapartintheredcoloroftheflowingliquidatall.WhatreallycausesTalorGlacier'swaterstoappearblood-redisthepresenceofironoxideintheliquid.Thewatersofthebloodfallsarerichinsaltandironcontent,andwhenthiswatercomesincontactwiththeair,itturnsred--justlikerust!Thewaterinthesefallsisoftenreferredtoas"brine"byscientistsbecauseofthehighsaltcontentinthewater.
Thisreasoningbehindtheredcolorsofthefallswasfoundbackin2003.However,theentiremysteryhadnotyetbeensolved.HowisitthenthattheBloodFallsarenotfrozen
ResearchersattheUniversityofColoradoandUniversityofAlaskafoundthatinsidetheglacier,therewasanetworkofchannelsandreservoirsthatmovethewateraround.Saltwaterhasalowerfreezingtemperature.Inaddition,whenanysubstanceundergoesachangeinstate,itgivesoffheat.Therefore,thebrineactuallywarmitselfupwhileit'sfreezing!HowthisworksisthatwhenthebrineisflowingthroughtheTalorGlacier,someofitdoesfreeze.Asaresultofchangingstatefromliquidtoice,thebrinegivesoffheat.Thisheatisenoughtokeeptherestofthebrineinliquidform,whichiswhyitflowsoutoftheglacier.
Incrediblenewchemistryfactsfound,andmysterysolved!
1.Accordingtothetext,theredalgaetheorywasonceconsidered______.
A.ridiculousB.impracticalC.reasonableD.complex
2.WhydoestheBloodFallslookredincolour
A.Becauseitsliquidisrichinredalgae.
B.Becausetheflowingliquidreflectsredsunlight.
C.BecausetheairisthinandrareinAntarctica.
D.Becausethereistoomuchsaltandironinitswater
3.WhatisthemainreasonfortheBloodFalls’notfreezing
A.Thewatercontinuedflowingconstantly.
B.Thereistoomuchsaltinthewater.
C.Thebrinegivesoffheatwhilefreezing.
D.Temperaturesaren'thighenoughforflowingwater.
A.ThemysteryoftheBloodFalls.B.Thediscoveryofthebloodglacier.
C.ThebirthoftheTalorGlacier.D.TheflowingredwaterinAntarctica.
答案CDCA
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