Chinaisaunifiedmultiethniccountrywithaunitarypoliticalsystem.Toensurethatthelegalsystemremainsunifiedyetatthesametimeadaptstotheuneveneconomic,politicalandculturaldevelopmentordifferentareas,Chinapracticesaunified,multilevellegislativesystem.
TheNPCanditsStandingCommitteeexercisethestatepowertomakelaws.TheNPCenactsandamendsbasiclawspertainingtocriminaloffences,civilaffairs,stateorgansandothermatters.TheStandingCommitteeenactsandamendsalllawsexceptforbasiclawsthatshouldbeenactedbytheNPC.WhentheNPCisnotinsession,itsStandingCommitteemaypartiallysupplementandreviselawsenactedbytheNPC,providedthatthechangesdonotcontravenethelaws’basicprinciples.
TheStateCouncilformulatesadministrativeregulationsinaccordancewiththeConstitutionandotherlawsandreportsthemtotheNPCforrecords.
InlinewiththespecificconditionsandactualneedsoftheiradministrativeregionsandonconditionthattheydonotviolatetheConstitutionorotherstatelawsandadministrativeregulations,thepeople’scongressesofprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment,aswellastheirstandingcommittees,mayworkoutlocalstatutesandreportthemtotheNPCStandingCommitteeandtheStateCouncilforrecord.InlightoftheirspecificconditionsandactualneedsandonconditionthattheydonotconflictwiththeConstitution,otherlawsandadministrativeregulationsorlocalstatutespassedbytheirprovincesorautonomousregions,thepeople’scongressesandtheirstandingcommitteesoflargercitiesmayenactlocalstatutesandsubmitthemtothestandingcommitteesofthepeople’scongressesoftheirprovincesorautonomousregionsforapprovalbeforetheytakeeffect.Inaddition,thesestandingcommitteesshallrecordthelocalstatuteswiththeNPCStandingCommitteeandtheStateCouncil.
Thepeople’scongressesofnationalautonomousareashavethepowertoformulateregulationsconcerningautonomyandlocalneedsinlightoftheirownlocalpolitical,economicandculturalconditions.TheseregulationsofautonomousregionstakeeffectaftertheyareapprovedbytheNPCStandingCommittee.Suchregulationsmadebyautonomousprefecturesorcountiestakeeffectaftertheyareapprovedbythestandingcommitteesofthepeople’scongressesoftheprovinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment;inaddition,thesestandingcommitteesshallrecordtheregulationswiththeNPCStandingCommitteeandtheStateCouncil.
InChina’smultilevellegislativesystem,lawspromulgatedatdifferentlevelsdonothavethesameeffect.TheConstitutionhasthehighestlegalvalidity,andnootherlaws,administrativeregulations,localstatutes,regulationsconcerningautonomyandlocalneeds,orotherregulationsmayviolatetheConstitution.Statelawshavegreaterforcethanadministrativeregulations,localstatutesandregulations.Stateadministrativeregulationshavegreaterforcethanlocalstatutesandregulations,localstatutesandregulations.
TheNPChasthepowertoalterorannulanyinappropriatelawsenactedbyitsStandingCommittee.TheNPCStandingCommitteehasthepowertoannuladministrativeregulationsthatgoagainsttheConstitutionorlawsconcernedandrevokelocalstatutesthatcontravenetheConstitution,otherlawsoradministrativeregulations.
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