关键词：《残疾人权利公约》中国残障
Abstract:ByreviewingChina’spracticethroughthelensesoftheConventionontheRightsofPersonswithDisabilities,theessaysummarizesChina’sexperienceinperformingtheconventioninthefollowingways:Intermsofthedisabilitymodel,Chinaistransformingfromamedicalmodeltoasocialmodel.Asforantidiscriminationandreasonableaccommodation,Chinahasestablishedtheprincipleof“prohibitionondiscriminationagainstdisability”,however,specificregulationsondiscriminationarestilllacking;andthesuccessfulexperienceofreasonableaccommodationinNationalCollegeEntranceExaminationneedstogreatlyexpand.Besides,topromoteequalrecognitionbeforethelaw,Chinahasbeenaddressingtheissueofalternativedecisionmakingandhasfosteredassistantdecisionmaking.Ineducation,Chinahighlightsthedevelopmentofspecialeducation,andhasstartedtofocusoninclusiveeducationactivelyincreasingtheenrollmentrateofchildrenwithdisabilities.Finally,regardingdisabilityemployment,Chinahasimprovedtheproportionalemploymentsystemandbeginstoexploresupportedemployment.
Keywords:ConventionontheRightsofPersonswithDisabilities;China;Disability
关键词：残障家庭暴力人身安全保护令
Abstract:SincefouryearimplementationoftheAntiDomesticViolenceLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,therehavebeen17publicpersonalsafetyprotectionorderrulingsrelatedtopersonswithdisabilities.Basedon17validcases,astatisticsanalysisofthecausesofaction,thegenderoftheapplicant,therelationshipbetweentheapplicantandtherespondent,thetypeofdisabilityoftheapplicant,therelationshipbetweendomesticviolenceanddisability,thenumberofalarms,thepublicsecuritywarningletter,thetypeofdomesticviolenceevidence,rulingresults,andrulingmeasuresismade.Itisfoundthatpersonswithdisabilitiesfaceproblemsinapplyingthepersonalsafetyprotectionorder.Morecrossresearchondisabilityanddomesticviolenceisneeded.
Keywords:Disability;DomesticViolence;PersonalSafetyProtectionOrder
摘要：无障碍环境权是为残障群体等广义主体在社会生活的各方面提供物质设施、信息数据、公共服务等便利，使残障群体能够更好地融入社会生活而享有健康、舒适环境的权利。无障碍环境权作为一项应然权利，在保障残障群体独立地、无障碍地生活在社会环境中发挥着突出的作用。环境正义理论旨在解决社会生活中的公平、正义问题，将环境正义理论运用于残障群体的权利保障领域，既夯实了无障碍环境权作为应然权利的理论基础，又解决了无障碍环境权成为法定权利的现实困境。因此，可通过环境正义理论的人权化和环境权化来实现残障群体的再生权利保障。
关键词：环境正义无障碍环境权人权权利属性
Abstract:Therighttoanaccessibleenvironmentistoprovidematerialfacilities,informationdata,publicservicesandotherconveniencesforpersonswithdisabilitiesandotherbroadsubjectsinallaspectsofsociallife,enablepersonswithdisabilitiestobetterintegrateintosociallifeandenjoytherighttoahealthyandcomfortableenvironment.Asadueright,therighttoanaccessibleenvironmentplaysanimportantroleinguaranteeingtheindependentandaccessiblelifeofpersonswithdisabilities.Thetheoryofenvironmentaljusticeaimstosolvetheproblemsoffairnessandjusticeinsociallife.Theapplicationofthetheoryofenvironmentaljusticeinthefieldofprotectingtherightsofpersonswithdisabilitiesconsolidatesthetheoreticalfoundationoftherighttoanaccessibleenvironmentasthedueright,andsolvesthepracticalpredicamentthattherighttoanaccessibleenvironmentbecomesthelegalright.Therefore,wecanrealizetheprotectionofrighttoregenerationforpersonswithdisabilitiesthroughthehumanrightsandenvironmentalrightoftheenvironmentaljusticetheory.
Keywords:EnvironmentalJustice;RighttoanAccessibleEnvironment;HumanRights;RightAttribute
摘要：对于残障人而言，无障碍生活意味着一种利益，应受到法律保护，将其确认为残障人的特殊权益。而法律保障社会弱势群体不仅是法律文明的标志，也是良法的价值取向，更符合法律正义的基本要义。立足于保护与救济社会弱势群体的历史方位和保障人权的呼声日益高涨的时代坐标下，通过法律保障残障人无障碍生活权益是确保残障人平等融入社会生活、追求美好生活的重要法律依据和前提保证。为切实保障残障人无障碍生活权益，需要紧紧围绕法律保护和观念认同展开，核心问题应该是在强化制度保障、确认残障人无障碍生活权益，畅通残障人具体权利救济途径、减少救济成本；构建尊重认同的共识机制、提升残障人权利意识等方面寻求努力。
关键词：残障人无障碍生活生成逻辑法律保障
Keywords:PersonswithDisabilities;AccessibleLife;theGenerativeLogic;LegalGuarantee
摘要：以学校无障碍环境改善为主题，透过行动研究中对行动反映的概念，深化提炼这一路径知识背后所蕴含的实践智能，以“缝·隙”作为隐喻的视角，比喻工作团队所发展出来的方法与策略，并区分为三个发展层次：第一，行动开始必须先有立于“缝隙”的机会，少子化给出重要的立基点；第二，要想方设法地开掘“缝·隙”，在工作实务中见缝插针，并企图找到可以穿透细缝的方法；第三，寻“隙”前进的设计动能是行动发展的重要核心，工作者的主体动能会在体制中的规训制约下，体现其抗拒性自主的珍贵价值，无障碍环境的改善方能在这种条件的学校中落地实现。
关键词：行动研究融合教育无障碍环境
Abstract:Focusingontheimprovementofaccessibleenvironmentinschools,throughtheconceptofactionreflectedinactionresearch,thepracticalwisdomisabstracted.Theword“gap”isusedasametaphoricalexpressiontocomparethemethodsandstrategiesdevelopedbytheworkteamanddividethemintothreelevels.First,theactionmusthaveanopportunitytostandinthe“gap”.Lowfertilitygivesanimportantstartingpoint.Second,todigthe“gap”inworkpracticeandtrytofindawaytopenetratethe“gap”.Third,lookingforthe“gap”isthecoreofactiondevelopment.Thesubject’sinitiativewillreflectthepreciousvalueofresistanceandautonomyundertheconstraintsofdisciplineinthesystem.Thus,improvementsinaccessibilitycanonlybeachievedinschoolsofthiscondition.
Keywords:ActionResearch;InclusiveEducation;AccessibleEnvironment
摘要：按比例就业制度是扩展残障者就业机会的重要途径。我国的残障者就业政策经历了从集中就业到分散就业的过程，按比例就业成为城镇残障者就业主流形式之一。依据用人单位按比例安排残障者就业公示公开数据，探索性评估按比例就业制度的实际效果。研究发现，按比例就业制度效果有限，该制度实践异化为用人单位“重缴纳轻吸纳”“虚假就业”，政策主体“重征缴轻服务”。残障者就业的政府责任应从增加就业机会向就业场所支援服务转变，并优化按比例就业制度。
关键词：按比例就业制度异化就业权就业支持
Abstract:Theproportionalemploymentsystemisanimportantwaytoexpandemploymentopportunitiesforpersonswithdisabilities.China’semploymentpolicyforpersonswithdisabilitieshasgonethroughtheprocessfromcentralizedemploymenttodecentralizedemployment,andproportionalemploymenthasbecomeoneofthemainstreamformsofemploymentofpersonswithdisabilitiesinurbanareas.Thisstudyevaluatestheactualeffectivenessoftheproportionalemploymentsystembasedonpublicdatafromemployingunits.Itturnsoutthattheeffectivenessoftheproportionalemploymentsystemislimited.Thepracticeisalienatedintotherealitythatemployingunitschoosefinesratherthanemployment,andfaketheemployment,andthepolicysubjectpaysattentiontofinesratherthanemploymentservices.Thegovernment’sresponsibilityshouldshiftfromincreasingemploymentopportunitiestoofferingsupportiveservicesintheworkplaceandoptimizingtheproportionalemploymentsystem.
Keywords:ProportionalEmploymentSystem;Alienation;EmploymentRights;EmploymentSupport
摘要：运用生态系统理论分析残障者现有就业支持体系的局限：微观系统呈现各主体对残障者的职业胜任力认知和支持不足的特点；中观系统呈现支持性政策缺乏系统协同性且执行力低的特点；宏观系统呈现法律法规不够完善、社会文化充满偏见和歧视的特点。结合各类残障者的实际需求与当前支持的不足，基于生态系统理论发展更完善的就业支持体系：微观系统应以残障者胜任力提升为重点，多元主体协同支持；中观系统残联应充分发挥枢纽作用协助政府制定更完善的系列政策；宏观系统应创建更科学合理的法律法规和公平包容的社会文化。
关键词：残障者就业支持体系生态系统就业政策
Abstract:Thisstudyanalyzesthelimitationsofthecurrentemploymentsupportsystemforpersonswithdisabilitiesusingecosystemtheory.Atthemicrolevel,eachsubjectreflectslimitedcognitionoftheprofessionalcompetenceofpersonswithdisabilitiesandalackofsupport.Atthemesolevel,supportivepolicieslackinsystematicsynergyandareillexecuted.Inthemacrolevel,lawsandregulationsneedtobeperfectedandsocialcultureisfullofprejudiceanddiscrimination.Thisstudytakesintoaccountboththeactualneedsofpersonswithdisabilitiesandthecurrentdeficienciesofsupportandproposesthreewaystohelpdevelopamorerefinedemploymentsupportsystembasedonecosystemtheory:Themicrosystemshouldfocusonimprovingthecompetencyofpersonswithdisabilitiesandthemultisubjectsshouldcooperatetosupportthegoal.Inthemesosystem,disabledpersons’federationsshouldplayavitalroleinassistingthegovernmentinformulatingmorecomprehensivepolicies.Inthemacrosystem,morescientificandreasonablelawsandregulationsandafairandinclusivesocialcultureshouldbecreatedandbuilt.
Keywords:PersonswithDisabilities;EmploymentSupportiveSystem;Ecosystem;EmploymentSystem
正式制度与生活实践逻辑
——社会模式视角下上海青年残障者就业问题初探
摘要：基于社会模式视角，采用半结构访谈，辅以ATLAS.ti80进行定性资料分析。试图诠释上海地区青年残障者就业过程中，遭遇的歧视、排斥、不平等、不公正等问题、研究发现，支持青年残障者就业的正式制度逐渐增多，但却未能有效缓解生活实践逻辑污名化、无能化残障者的倾向。相反，生活逻辑可以通过自主援引、解释、改写、曲解等方式，消解正式制度所产生的作用。对此，残障青年在微观层面上，对否定型生活实践逻辑展开了具有主体能动性的应对与反叛，但却难以颠覆结构性的社会建构。
关键词：社会模式残障就业
Keywords:SocialModel;Disability;Employment
从鄢成事件看我国监护制度的不足与完善
摘要：我国《民法总则》虽然规定了不同的监护形式，但在被监护人的保护方面仍显不足。不同的监护人确认程序之间的衔接一旦出现立法漏洞或实践障碍，对于被监护人就意味着生命健康权的伤害。疫情期间，少年鄢成因无人监护去世的悲剧引人深思。从鄢成案出发结合监护立法与实践现状，提出要明晰监护人确认程序、培育社会监护人、建立监护监督制度等合理建议。
关键词：监护人确认程序不同监护的衔接社会监护人培育
Abstract:AlthoughtherearedifferentformsofguardianshipintheGeneralPrinciplesofCivilLawinChina,itisstillinsufficientintheprotectionoftheward.Oncetherearelegislativeloopholesorpracticalobstaclesintheconnectionbetweendifferentguardianconfirmationprocedures,itmeansharmtotherighttolifeandhealthfortheward.Duringtheepidemicperiod,thetragedyofyoungYanCheng’sdeathcausedbytheabsenceofguardianshipisthoughtprovoking.BasedonYanCheng’scase,combinedwiththecurrentsituationofguardianshiplegislationandpractice,somereasonablesuggestionsareraisedsuchasclarifyingtheprocedureofguardianshipconfirmation,cultivatingsocialguardians,andestablishingguardianshipsupervisionsystem.
Keywords:GuardianConfirmationProcedure;ConnectionofDifferentGuardianship;SocialGuardianCultivation
残障女性需求状况调查报告
摘要：本报告以问卷调查及访谈的方式，调查了535名残障女性在生活处境、社群参与、社会交往、性别观念、就业等领域的基本情况及服务需求，指出残障女性社群面临社会支持不足、婚恋交友困难、生育保障不完善、就业环境不友好等方面的困境。通过案例呈现了残障女性面临的原生家庭和解困难、自我接纳困难、生活被骚扰、缺乏就业自信心、被公益活动吸引和改变等故事。报告提出推动针对残障女性的公益服务的建议，如构建社会支持网络，普及残健融合和性别平等意识，提升生育服务支持，促进就业服务支持，鼓励服务于残障女性项目的开放与专门助残组织的建立等。
关键词：残障女性社群需求助残公益活动
Keywords:WomenwithDisabilities;CommunityNeeds;PublicWelfareActivitiesforPersonswithDisabilities
发声和使能：残障妇女应对
家庭暴力的经历和启示
摘要：通过个别访谈和焦点组讨论，概述和分析残障妇女应对家庭暴力的经历和启示，发现残障妇女遭遇显性和隐形的家庭暴力，暴力存在于妇女的整个生命周期，家庭暴力的根源有着社会生态链，受暴妇女具有能动性。建议加强教育，赋权残障妇女，消除歧视、偏见和暴力；加强宣传，广而告之当事人的权利；加强问责，促进各责任方更好地履行法定职责；加强能力建设，识别和保障残障妇女的特殊需求；加强实施，实现《反家暴法》创设的多项制度的初心。
关键词：残障妇女家庭暴力赋权
Abstract:Throughindividualinterviewsandgroupdiscussions,thisarticlesummarizesandanalyzestheexperiencesandimplicationsofwomenwithdisabilitiesagainstdomesticviolence.Itisfoundthatwomenwithdisabilitiesarefacedwithbothvisibleandinvisibledomesticviolence.Violencecanexistthroughoutthelifeofawoman.Therootofdomesticviolenceliesintheunderlyingsocialecologicalchain,yetwomenwhoarevictimsofviolencealsohavetheirinitiative.Thearticlethensuggestsstrengtheningeducation,empoweringwomenwithdisabilities,eliminatingdiscriminationprejudiceandviolence.What’smore,promotethepublicityabouttherightsofwomenwithdisabilities,holdtheresponsiblepartiesaccountablesothattheywillbetterfulfilltheirstatutoryduties,andstrengthenthecapacitytoidentifyandprotectthespecialneedsofwomenwithdisabilities.Finally,forwardtheimplementationofAntiDomesticViolenceLawtorealizeitsoriginalintention.
Keywords:Disability;Women;DomesticViolence;Empowerment
自由与障碍权利：依赖、独立与相互依赖
关键词：《身心障碍者权利公约》依赖障碍自由相互依赖克里斯提娃
Abstract:Theincreasingfocusondisabilityrights—asfound,forinstance,intheU.N.ConventionontheRightsofPersonswithDisabilities(CRPD)—challengesphilosophicalimaginaries.Thisarticlebroadensthephilosophicalimaginaryoffreedombyexploringtherelationofdependenceindependenceandinterdependenceinthelivesofpersonswithdisabilities.Itargues(1)thattraditionalconceptsoffreedomareratherinsensitivetodifferencewithinhumanityand(2)thatthelivesofpersonswithseveredisabilitieschallengephilosopherstoargueandconceptualizefreedomnotonlyasindependenceandinterdependencebutalsoasdependence.AftertracingthisneedthroughaHegelianunderstanding,viaJuliaKristevasworkondisability,andfinallytheCRPD,itconcludesthataunifiedsolutionmightnotbepossible.Hence,itarguesthatdisabilityissuesnecessitatephilosophicalmodesty.
Keywords:ConventionontheRightsofPersonswithDisabilities;Dependence;Disability;Freedom;Interdependence;JuliaKristeva
关键词：儿童残障包容性发展研究人权电影瓦努阿图巴布亚新几内亚太平洋岛屿
Keywords:Children;DisabilityInclusiveDevelopment;Research;HumanRights;Film;Vanuatu;PapuaNewGuinea;PacificIslands
浅谈天宝·葛兰汀的成才之路
对支持性就业发展的启示
——观电影《自闭历程》有感
摘要：中国大陆对于发展障碍人士的支持性就业不够普及，且就业形式单一，一些有一定学历和能力的高功能障碍者很难找到与自己才能相匹配的工作。美国畜牧科学家天宝·葛兰汀儿时被诊断为自闭症，并被医生建议送至慈善机构终生托养，天宝的妈妈并没有听从医生的建议，并且天宝一路上遇见了一些人充满创见的支持与帮助，最终取得杰出的成就。借鉴天宝·葛兰汀的成长故事，支持性就业应该侧重支持障碍人士创造实现自我价值。
关键词：支持性就业发展障碍天宝?葛兰汀
Abstract:SupportedemploymentforpersonswithdevelopmentaldisabilitiesinmainlandChinaisnotuniversalenough,andemploymentformsaresingle.Somehighfunctiondisabledpersonswithcertainacademicqualificationsandabilitieshavedifficultyfindingjobsthatmatchtheirtalents.AmericananimalhusbandryscientistTempleGrandinwasdiagnosedwithautismwhenshewasachildandwasrecommendedbyadoctortobesenttoacharitycenterforlifelongcare.Temple’smotherdidnotfollowthedoctor’sadvice.Templemetwithsomepeoplewithinnovativesupportandhelptoachieveoutstandingresults.DrawingonTempleGrandin’sstory,supportedemploymentshouldfocusonsupportingpersonswithdisabilitiestorealizeselfvalue.
Keywords:SupportedEmployment;DevelopmentalDisability;Temple?Grandin