CapacityforEnjoyingCivil-lawRightsandCapacityforPerformingCivilJuristicActs
Article13
Anaturalpersonshall,fromthetimeofbirthuntilthetimeofdeath,havethecapacityforenjoyingcivil-lawrights,andmayenjoycivil-lawrightsandassumecivil-lawdutiesinaccordancewithlaw.
重点学习
1、capacityforenjoyingcivil-lawrights民事权利能力
2、capacityforperformingciviljuristicacts民事行为能力
3、civil-lawright民事权利/civil-lawduty民事义务
4、enjoy享有/assume承担
5、fromthetimeofbirthuntilthetimeofdeath从出生到死亡
Article14
Allnaturalpersonsareequalintheircapacityforenjoyingcivil-lawrights.
重点学习：
1、beequalin在......(方面)是平等的
Article15
Thetimeofbirthandtimeofdeathofanaturalpersonaredeterminedbythetimerecordedonhisbirthordeathcertificateasapplied,or,ifthereisnobirthordeathcertificate,bythetimerecordedinthenaturalperson’shouseholdregistrationorothervalididentitycertificate.Ifthereissufficientevidenceoverturningthetimerecordedintheaforementioneddocuments,thetimethatisestablishedbysuchevidenceshallprevail.
1、bedeterminedby由......决定，以......为准，被......决定
2、deathcertificate死亡证明
3、householdregistration户籍证明
4、sufficientevidence充足的证据
5、overturn推翻，撤销，翻案
6、aforementioned上述的，前述的，=aforesaid
7、prevail以......为准，=control;govern;takeprecedence
Article16
Afetusisdeemedashavingthecapacityforenjoyingcivil-lawrightsinestatesuccession,acceptanceofgift,andothersituationswhereprotectionofafetus’interestsisinvolved.However,astillbornfetusdoesnothavesuchcapacityabinitio.
1、thefetus胎儿；theabortedfetus流产胎儿；
2、stillborn死产的、夭折的stillbornfetus=dyingfetus死胎
3、is/aredeemas被认为......；被视为......
4、sucession继承，继受；继承权/继承人
5、estate财产、遗产、房地产
6、gift赠予/acceptanceofgift接受赠与
7、abinitio从头开始、自始=fromthebeginning
Article17
Anaturalpersonaged18oraboveisanadult.Anaturalpersonundertheageof18isaminor.
1、aged......岁的
2、minor未成年人；次要的；辅修；小前提
Article18
Anadulthasfullcapacityforperformingciviljuristicactsandmayindependentlyperformciviljuristicacts.
Aminoraged16orabovewhosemainsourceofsupportistheincomefromhisownlaborisdeemedasapersonwithfullcapacityforperformingciviljuristicacts.
1、full完全的/fullcapacityforperformingciviljuristic完全的民事行为能力
2、indenpendentlyperform独立实施
Article19
Aminoraged8orabovehaslimitedcapacityforperformingciviljuristicacts,andmayperformaciviljuristicactthroughoruponconsentorratificationofhislegalrepresentative,providedthatsuchaminormayindependentlyperformaciviljuristicactthatispurelybeneficialtohimorthatisappropriatetohisageandintelligence.
1、limited有限的
limitedcompany有限公司
limitedcapacityforperformingciviljuristicacts限制民事行为能力
2、consent同意；uponconsent经同意
3、ratification追认、批准、承认、认可
4、legalrepresentative法定代理人
5、providedthat但是；如果、倘若
providedthat短语常出现在法律英语，尤其是合约条款中常常用到。其用法与if、but非常类似，相当于“如”或“但”。
如果短语放在句首，引导法律条件分句，与if，when,where没有本质差异，可译为“如”。
如果该短语前有主句，表示与之前陈述相反的例外，相当于“withexceptionof”，可译为“但是”，法律界称之为“但书”（proviso）。
Article20
Aminorundertheageof8hasnocapacityforperformingciviljuristicacts,andmayperformaciviljuristicactonlythroughhislegalrepresentative.
1、nocapacityforperformingciviljuristicacts无民事法律行为能力
2、through通过，经由，凭借，完成
Article21
Anadultunabletocomprehendhisownconducthasnocapacityforperformingciviljuristicacts,andmayperformaciviljuristicactonlythroughhislegalrepresentative.
Theprecedingparagraphisapplicabletoaminoraged8orabovewhoisunabletocomprehendhisownconduct.
1、comprehedn理解、领悟、辨认
2、conduct行为；举止；进行；指挥
4、precedingparagraph前段，前款，前项
dutyparagraph税号
Article22
Anadultunabletofullycomprehendhisownconducthaslimitedcapacityforperformingciviljuristicacts,andmayperformaciviljuristicactthroughoruponconsentorratificationofhislegalrepresentative,providedthatsuchanadultmayindependentlyperformaciviljuristicactthatispurelybeneficialtohimorthatisappropriatetohisintelligenceandmentalstatus.
1、purelybenificial纯粹有益的
2、perform实施
3、isappropriateto适合于......，与......相适应
Article23
Theguardianofapersonwhohasnoorlimitedcapacityforperformingciviljuristicactsisthelegalrepresentativeoftheperson.
1、guardian监护人；英国卫报
2、legalguardian法定监护人
3、legalrepresentative法定代表人；法定代理人
延伸学习：
1、guardianadlitem(未成年被告的)诉讼监护人；法定监护人
2、adlitem诉讼进行中；指定；专为某一诉讼指定；有关诉讼的
Article24
Whereanadultisunabletocomprehendorfullycomprehendhisconduct,anyinterestedpersonofsuchanadultorarelevantorganizationmayrequestthepeople’scourttodeclarethatthesaidadultbeidentifiedasapersonwithnoorlimitedcapacityforperformingciviljuristicacts.
Whereapersonhasbeenidentifiedbyapeople’scourtasapersonwithnoorlimitedcapacityforperformingciviljuristicacts,thepeople’scourtmay,uponrequestoftheperson,aninterestedpersonthereof,orarelevantorganization,andbasedontherecoveryofhisintelligenceandmentalhealth,declarethatthesaidpersonbecomesapersonwithlimitedorfullcapacityforperformingciviljuristicacts.
ArelevantorganizationreferredtointhisArticleincludesaresidents’committee,avillagers’committee,aschool,amedicalinstitution,thewomen’sfederation,thedisabledperson’sfederation,alegallyestablishedorganizationforseniorpeople,thecivilaffairsdepartment,andthelike.
1、interestedperson利害关系人，有利害关系的人
2、relevantorganization有关组织
3、request申请，请求，要求
4、thepeople'scourt人民法院
5、declare宣布，判定
6、thesaidadult上述成年人
7、beidentifiedas被确认（认定）是......
8、thereof之、其、此
为了避免重复，中文普遍用“之，其，此”来代替前面已经提到的内容或事物，英文中有一类对应的副词专门用来表达中文的“之，其，此”，这类词有thereof,therein，therefrom,thereunder等。
9、where如果，......的，凡......
法律英文中，where引导的是法律条款中的条件状语从句，相当于“inthecasewhere”。
10、intelligence智力；智慧；智能；情报
11、residents’committee居民委员会
residents居民、住宿者
类似的，街道办事处的英文：streetoffices
12、villagers'committee村民委员会
13、medicalinstitution医疗机构
14、thewomen'sfederation妇女联合会
15、thedisabledperson'sfederation残疾人联合会
16、seniorpeople老年人
17、thecivilaffairsdepartment民政部门
Article25
Thedomicileofanaturalpersonistheresidencerecordedinthehouseholdorothervalididentificationregistrationsystem;ifanaturalperson’shabitualresidenceisdifferentfromhisdomicile,thehabitualresidenceisdeemedashisdomicile.
1、domicile：住所，永久居住地，户籍所在地。
公民的住所地，为户籍所在地；法人的住所地，为法人的注册地、主要营业地或办事机构所在地。