4、orexpressionwhichdistinguishesproductsorservicesofaparticulartraderfromthesimilarproductsorservicesofothertraders.Tradedress:Tradedressisalegaltermofartthatgenerallyreferstocharacteristicsofthevisualappearanceofaproductoritspackaging(oreventhedesignof
5、abuilding)thatsignifythesourceoftheproducttoconsumers.Tradesecrets:Atradesecretisaformula,practice,process,design,instrument,pattern,orcompilationofinformationwhichisnotgenerallyknown,bywhichabusinesscanobtainaneconomicadvantageObjectivesThestatedobjecti
6、veofmostintellectualpropertylaw(withtheexceptionoftrademarks)istoPromoteprogress.“Byexchanginglimitedexclusiverightsfordisclosureofinventionsandcreativeworks,societyandthepatentee/copyrightownermutuallybenefit,andanincentiveiscreatedforinventorsandauthorsto
7、createanddisclosetheirwork.FinancialincentiveTheseexclusiverightsallowownersofintellectualpropertytoreapmonopolyprofits.Thesemonopolyprofitsprovideafinancialincentiveforthecreationofintellectualproperty,andpayassociatedresearchanddevelopmentcosts.Technologydi
8、ffusionTechnologydiffusionoccursifintellectualpropertyislicensedorsold,converselytechnologycanequallybepreventedfrombeingshared,shouldtheownerwishnottosellorlicenseEconomicgrowthThelegalmonopolygrantedbyIPlawsarecreditedwithsignificantcontributionstowardec
9、onomicgrowth.Moralityeveryonehastherighttotheprotectionofthemoralandmaterialinterestsresultingfromanyscientific,literaryorartisticproductionofwhichheistheauthor.(Article27oftheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights)CriticismSomecriticsofintellectualproperty,suc
10、hasthoseinthefreeculturemovement,characterizeitasintellectualprotectionismorintellectualmonopolyandarguethatthepublicinterestisharmedbyprotectionistlegislationsuchascopyrightextension,softwarepatentsandbusinessmethodpatents.WordsandExpressionsexclusiverights
11、专有权intangibleassets无形资产trademark商标tradesecret商业秘密patentee专利权所有人financialincentive财务激励monopoly垄断technologydiffusion技术扩散tradedress商业外观；商业包装Lockean洛克派哲学家NotesStatuteofAnne（安娜法令）：（安娜法令）：TheStatuteofAnne(c.19),wasthefirststatutetoprovideforcopyrightregulatedbythe
12、governmentandcourts.StatuteofMonopolies（垄断法）：（垄断法）：TheStatuteofMonopolieswasanActoftheParliamentofEnglandnotableasthefirststatutoryexpressionofEnglishpatentlaw.Patentsevolvedfromletterspatent,issuedbythemonarchtograntmonopoliesoverparticularindustriestosk
13、illedindividualswithnewtechniques.AmericaInventsAct（美国发明法案）（美国发明法案）：TheLeahySmithAmericaInventsAct(AIA)isaUnitedStatesfederalstatutethatwaspassedbyCongressandwassignedintolawbyPresidentBarackObamaonSeptember16,2011.TheActswitchestheU.S.patentsystemfroma
14、firsttoinventtoafirstinventortofilesystem,eliminatesinterferenceproceedings,anddevelopspost-grantopposition.WIPO（世界知识产权组织）（世界知识产权组织）：TheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO)isoneofthe17specializedagenciesoftheUnitedNations.WIPOwascreatedin1967toencourage
15、creativeactivity,topromotetheprotectionofintellectualpropertythroughouttheworld.freeculturemovement（自由文化运动）（自由文化运动）：ThefreeculturemovementisasocialmovementthatpromotesthefreedomtodistributeandmodifycreativeworksintheformoffreecontentbyusingtheInternetando
17、vernmentsinEuropetorestrictprinting;Thecontemporaryintentofcopyrightistopromotethecreationofnewworksbygivingauthorscontrolofandprofitfromthem.ScopeAwiderangeofcreative,intellectual,orartisticforms,orworks“:poems,theses,plays,otherliteraryworks,movies,d
19、copiesorreproductionsoftheworkandtosellthosecopies(mechanicalrights;including,sometimes,electroniccopies:distributionrights)toimportorexporttheworktocreatederivativeworks(worksthatadapttheoriginalwork)toperformordisplaytheworkpublicly(performancerights)to
20、sellorassigntheserightstootherstotransmitordisplaybyradioorvideo(broadcastingrights)Thephraseexclusiverightmeansthatonlythecopyrightholderisfreetoexercisethoserights,andothersareprohibitedfromusingtheworkwithouttheholderspermission.WordsandExpressionsregistrationn.注册,报到,登记peer-to-peerfilesharing多点传输reinterrogatevt.重新审问,再审讯anthropomorphicadj.神、人同形同性论的Notespublicdomain（共有领域）（共有领域）:Thepublicd