"Ifthecommitteevotestorepealthecodeandnotreplaceit,orvotestoleaveitasis,'ourtaskiscomplete,'Ms.Callaghansays.Otherwise,thecommitteewilldiscusschangestothecodesoshecanprepareadraftforathirdmeeting,shesays.Athirdmeetingwouldincludemoredebateandrecommendations.Ifthegroupreachesconsensus,acompleteddraftcodewouldgotothecouncil.Ifnot,thecommitteewouldvoteon'generalrecommendations(tothecouncil)foranewethicspolicy'."
Alttext:"Leadershipandrelatedwordsonbright,yellow-orangebackground."
“Nosinglepersoncreatesculture,butafounderorCEOcancertainlyinfluenceculture,”saysSkeet.Thesetopexecutivescanhelpmoldapositiveandpurposefulethicalculture.“Ifleadershipinacompanyiscommittedtodesigningsystemsthatpromoteethicalbehavior,that’sapositivesign,asisanyadditionalbandwidththeymighthavetocontributetoindustry-widestandards.”
iPhone
"WhatcanweexpectoftechexecutivesunderincreasedheattoacknowledgeharmstheirproductsinflictandcorrectforthemWhatmoralobligationsdothesecompanies,andotherslikethem,havetoidentify,publicizeandaddresstherisksusingtheirproductsposetoconsumers"
"Thisframeworkisdesignedtohelpyouevaluatepotentialconsequencesofyourdecisionsfromeveryangle.
"Thequestionssupportyouinthefollowingcoreethicaldecision-makingsteps:
“Theyappeartohavetrickedsomebodytosaythat[Twitter]wouldcomplywithalegalprocess,”saidIrinaRaicu,directoroftheInternetEthicsProgramatSantaClaraUniversity’sMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthics,Thursday.Shesaidthevideodoesn’tprovethatTwitterasawholeisbiased,onlythatindividualemployeeshave“theirownpoliticalviews.”
DonaldTrump
“Publicofficialsarebasicallypublicfiduciaries.Weputtheminapositionoftrusttoactonourbehalfandalwaysinourbestinterest,”HanaCallahan,directorofGovernmentEthicsattheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthics,saidinaninterview.“Aspublicfiduciaries,theyhaveadutyofloyalty,whichmeanstheyhavetoputthepublic’sinterestbeforetheirownpersonalinterest.”
Oldhands
"Itkindoflendsitselftoamoralmyopia,"BrianGreensaysoftheprospectofsignificantlyextendingthehumanlifespan.“Humansworkbetteriftheyhaveagoalbeyondtheirownsurvival.”
“Hopefullythesethingswillwork,andthey’llhelpuslivealittlebitlonger,”GreensaysofthescientificresearchbeingdoneattheMayoClinicandtheScrippsResearchInstitute.“Buttheideaofradicallifeextensionwherewe’regoingtoliveindefinitelylonger,Ithinkthatisveryunrealistic.”
2017
"ThebeliefinAmericanexceptionalismhasbeengroundednotjustinthestrengthofourpoliticalinstitutionsandthebountyofournaturalresourcesbutinthestrengthofournationalcharacter,ourcommitmenttoadistinctivesetofethicalvalues.Howhavethesevaluesandournationalcharacterfaredin2017Ibelievetherearewaysinwhichourcharacterwasstrengthenedin2017,butmanymoreinwhichitwasweakened."
JohnRood
KirkHansonwiththeMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthicssaysappointmentslikeRood'sarecontroversialbecausepolicyandpurchasingarelinkedatthePentagon."AllmatterscouldperhapsinfluencethesaleofLockheedMartinequipment,andthereforeitwouldbeverydifficulttodohisjob,"saidHanson.
businessmeeting
"Therearemoresubtleandcomplexsystemsthatcontributetoharassment,andtypicallytheirflawisintheimbalanceofpower.Aprofessorseekingtenure,anattorneyhopingtomakepartner—allprofessionalsthatparticipateinpromotionpracticestiedtoatimetableare,inmyopinion,atriskrightoutofthegate.Leadersinallprofessionsshouldbeaskingthemselveswhattheymightbewillingtoletgoofinsomeofthesetime-honoredprofessionalpracticesifitcreatesmorefairnessandsafetyintheworkplace."
EastofEdenCoverArt
“Ourspeciesistheonlycreativespecies,”writesSteinbeck,“andithasonlyonecreativeinstrument,theindividualmindandspiritofaman.”Hegoesontoknockdownthenotionofcollaborativecreativity,andyoucancertainlydisagreewiththat,butkeepinmindthatinourtimethetrajectoryseemstobetowardhandingovercreativity,too,toalgorithms,leavingasidethehumanmind(whetherindividualorcollective).
Ageinghand
"Somepeoplealsoquestionwhethertryingtotreatageingmakessensefromahumanitarianstandpoint.BrianPatrickGreen,anethicistatSantaClaraUniversityinCalifornia,saysthatalthoughthere’snothingintrinsicallywrongwithextendinghumanlife,itdoescarrysomerisks.Heworries,forinstance,thatpeopleinrichcountrieswillbenefitwhilethoseindevelopingnationscontinuetodieyoung.Peoplelivinglongercouldalsoconsumemoreresources,leadingtosocialandenvironmentalcatastrophes,hesays."
MonitoringtheOnlineActivityofTeens
“Thegeneralpopulaceiscertainlybecomingmoreawareofhowtheironlineinteractionscanbemonitored,”saidIrinaRaicu,InternetEthicsprogramdirectorattheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthicsatSantaClaraUniversity.“Thishasforcedpeopletobeginusingencryptedapplicationsonabroaderscale.”
“Asyoungpeople,youknowabouttheseapplicationsandhowtoimplementthem,”shesaid.“Peopleinoldergenerationsarelessinclinedandoftenlessknowledgeableabouthowtouseencryption.”
"TheTrustProject,supportedbyCraigNewmarkofCraigslist,GoogleandKnightFoundationatSantaClaraUniversity,isworkingwithnewsroomsandtechnologycompaniestohelpthepublicandalgorithmsdifferentiatebetweennewscontentandfakery."
FoxNewsChannel
"Awaveofsexualharassmentclaimsintheentertainmentindustryoverrecentmonthscouldleadtomoresuchsettlements,accordingtoKirkO.Hanson,executivedirectoroftheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthicsatSantaClaraUniversity.
“'We’llseealotmorederivativelawsuitsandsharepricelawsuitsoversexualharassmentcasesincomingmonths,'Hansonsaidinaninterview."
"Currently,Canadadoesnothavealawabouttheethicsthatprogrammersmustfollowwhencreatingartificialintelligence.Germanyjustpassedalawaboutthis.ThismakesthemthefirstgovernmentintheworldtoaddressAIethics."
ArtificialIntelligence
"It'sthefirsttimethatwe'rereallytalkingaboutwhetherthemachineswillreallydothekindsofthingsthatmakeushuman.Willtheycareforpeople,thinkthroughtheimplicationsoftheiractions,revoltiftheyaregivenbadordersorsomethingTheymightrecreatethebiasespresentinsociety,ratherthancorrectthemortheymayjustreachreallybaddecisions,"saidIrinaRaicu,directorofInternetEthics.
Capitol
"Therearenascenteffortsatcreatingacodeofethicsforindividualprogrammersandsoftwareengineers—includingonesimilartothatofcivilengineers—andadiscussionofethicsshouldbepartoftheon-boardingprocessattechcompanies,saysIrinaRaicu,directoroftheInternetEthicsProgramatSantaClaraUniversity’sMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthics."
TheNextGreatExperiment
Appleheadquarters
"Ithinkthemostvaluablething[Apple]candoistoactconsistently,sothatallemployees-nomatterwhattheirpaygradeortheirexperiencebackgroundortherolethey'replayingatthetime-areheldtothesamestandard,"saidAnnSkeet,directorofLeadershipEthics.
Apersonstandsfacingtwocheckboxes,oneemptyandonechecked.
"Peoplewhostrivetobeethicalcorporateleadersmustemphasizeethicsregularlyintheirworkandcorporateculture.Tosecurelong-termvaluecreationthatmarketswillreward,middlemanagersneedtobetreatedasvaluable,long-termassetsthemselves."
Uber
"Todayithasrealbottomlineimpactduetobiggerfinesandmorelawsuits,"Hansonsaid."Butitalsohasahugeimpactontheinterestofworkersinworkingforsuchafirm."
"TheideabehindtheTrustProject,ishowcanwemakeiteasyforthepublictoidentifyhighqualitynewsoutofallthishubbubonline,andalsohowcanwesignalthistothenewsdistributionplatformslikeGoogleandFacebook,"Lehrmansaid.
Ahomelesswoman
“Abetteralternativewouldhavebeenforthenon-profitagencytoallowthegovernmentagencytoreachouttothesepeopleandsay,‘Hey,there’sanon-profitagencythatwouldliketoofferservicestoyouandtheyhaveyourinformation,'”Skeetsaid.(APPhoto/SusanRagan)
PersonusingphoneinfrontoflargeFacebooksign.
“It’sonethingtohaveneutralityintermsofcontent,”saidIrinaRaicu,directorofInternetEthicsattheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthicsatSantaClaraUniversity.“Whenyougetintoads,it’sadifferentissue.Youabsolutelygettochoosewhichadsyoufeatureonyourplatform.”
Alttext:Streetsignsreading"HONEST"and"CORRUPT"pointinginoppositedirections.
“Justtoallowhimtoretireandrideoffintothesunsetwiththismuchquestioningoverhim,andespeciallythismuchquestioninginthelastweek—theyshouldatleasthavesomediscussionaboutit,”saidAnnSkeet,directorofLeadershipEthicsattheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthics.
ethicsofencription
"Onehopefuloutcomeofthisslewoffailuresisthatlegislatorsarebecomingnotjustawarebutangry,andappeartobereadytoproposesomelegislativemeasuresinresponse.MaybepartofCybersecurityAwarenessMonthshouldalsobetokeepacloseeyeontheregulatoryproposalstocome,toensurethattheyarecomprehensiveandproperlytargeted.Thereismuchtobeawareof."
Equifax
(APPhoto/MikeStewart)
“Whetherit’shumansorsoftwaremakingthedecisions,moderatingcontentishard,”Raicusays.“TherealissuewithFacebookiswedon’treallyknowhowthosedecisionsarebeingmade.”(APPhoto/ThibaultCamus)
LarryEllison
“ThepayofthetopthreeexecutivesatOraclehasbeenveryhighoverthelastfewyears,”saidKirkHanson,executivedirectoroftheMarkkulaCentreforAppliedEthicsatSantaClaraUniversity.Headdedthat,while“sayonpay”voteshadbeeneffectiveatdrawingattentiontoexcessivecompensation,itwastoosoontojudgehowthenewOraclearrangementswouldworkinpractice.
TravisKalanick,UberCEO(APPhoto/PaulSakluma,File)
“Thiscasehasimportforthehigh-techsectorfarbeyondjusttheconcernsofUber,”saidKirkHanson,executivedirectoroftheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthicsatSantaClaraUniversity.“Therearethebeginningsofamovementagainstsuper-votingshares,thatcouldgetmuchstrongerinthemonthsahead.”
Vacationhome
"IfFacebookisadiary,it’sonefromwhichyoureadoutloudinapublicpark—oratleastatamotleygatheringoffriends,relativesandcolleagues,"Raicusays."Travelingwithothersmeansenforcedphysicalclosenessandaheightenedsenseofsynchronouslysharednewexperiences.Itmakesonerealizewhatsocialmediadoesanddoesnotprovide."(APPhoto/MarcoGarcia)
Footballplayers
“Thiscouldbeakintothetobaccocompaniessittingoninformationabouttheharmsoftobacco,”Skeetsaid.“Theydohaveobligationstotheiremployeestokeepthemsafe.Whetherthat’swrittendowninthelaworyouseethatasamoralobligation,it’sconsideredabasicfundamental.Youshouldbeabletodoyourworksafely.”(APPhoto/PeterAnfrews)
"Ultimately,AIgivesusjustwhatalltechnologydoes-bettertoolsforachievingwhatwewant,"Greensaid."Thedeeperquestionthenbecomes'Whatdowewant'andevenmoreso'Whatshouldwewant'Ifwewantevil,thenevilweshallhave,withgreatefficiencyandabundance.Ifinsteadwewantgoodness,thenthroughdiligentpursuitwemightbeabletoachieveit."(Credit:Dr.MichelRoyon/WikimediaCommons.)
NicholasDirks
"MytermatBerkeleyprobablysawmoremajorcrisesofonekindoranotherthananyonesincemaybethe1960s,"Dirkssaid.
"WhenwegotthetweetonthemorningofFebruary2nd,whenIwokeupandIsawthatthepresidenthadtweetedagainstBerkeleythreateninguswiththecancellationofallfederalfunds,thatraisedthestakesinawaythatonceagainwasunprecedented,"Dirkscontinued.
UniversityofSouthernCaliforniabuilding
“Itwouldbebestpracticetohavetheboardsupervisetheinvestigationanddiscussfindingswithouthimpresent,”Hansonsaid.(APPhoto/JaeC.Hong)
HealthCareRepealEfforts
"'Freedom'inanAmericanpoliticalcontextisapotentword,"DeCossesays."ButithasprovedanunsuccessfulbattlecryinthehealthcaredebatebecausethenotionoffreedominvokedbytheopponentsofObamacareisdeeplyincorrect.
"Misplacedprideaboutfreedom...blindsonetothevulnerabilityofothers,"DeCossesays.(APPhoto/J.ScottApplewhite,File)
"Anattributeofeffective,ethicalleadershipishavingcouragetoactonone’sconvictions,"saysSkeet."Moraljudgmentisdevelopmental,andmyexpectationisthatpeopleservingasCEOsanddirectorshavewell-developedconsciencesthataidtheminmakingdecisionsinmomentswhentheymustchoosebetweencompetinginterests."
KirkHanson,theexecutivedirectoroftheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthicsatSantaClaraUniversity,providesexcellentadvicetoavoidtheethicalslipperyslope.
ConfederateflagsataKKKrally
“There’sanevangeliststreaktoalotofthecompaniesthatgetattention,”saidPozner.“Ifyou’reputtingthatfrontandcenterinyourcorporatemissionandvisionandthecommunicationsyouhaveinternallyandexternally,andyou’reconfrontedwithavalue-basedchallenge-yousaidyou’reacompanythatwantstomaketheworldabetterplace,andnowyouhavetodoit.”(APPhoto/SteveHelber)
Robotichandtypingonacomputer
“Technologymakesusmoreefficientatthecoursesofactionthatwechoose,goodorevil,andweshouldwanttobeefficientatdoinggoodandinefficientatdoingevil,"Greensaid."Ifweareinsteadefficientatevilandinefficientatgoodwewillliveinaterribleworld.”
"Charactereducationisthedeliberate,proactiveattempttofostertheskills,attitudes,motivesandbeliefsthatleadtopro-socialandethicalbehavior,"Kidronsays."Charactereducationislessprevalentinsecondarythaninelementaryschools,althoughitiscriticallyimportantinadolescence,"sheadds.
KrisKobach
“Privatelysuinganentityyouaresworntoservemaygiverisetoanappearanceofimproprietyandbias,”Callaghansaid.(APPhoto/EdZurga)
GovernmentEthicsAcademy
Theimplicitdilemmaisthatpoliticalspendingisanaction,evenwhencompaniessplittheircontributionstothecountry’stwomajorpartiesdownthemiddle,saidSkeet."There’sactuallypolicyimplicationsthatgowiththemoneythattheyspend,”shesaid.
Manpassingoutnewspapers
iPhones
(APPhoto/PaulSakuma,File)
"Nowwe'realllearningaboutcybersecurity,andencryption,andalittlebitaboutthelaw,andhowthegovernmentcanpursuecertainthings,"Raicusaid.(APPhoto/PaulSakuma,File)
MargaretR.McLean
“IshouldbeabletomakedecisionsaboutwhenandhowIdie,"saidMcLean."It’salogicalextensionofmydecision-makingauthority.It’sarguablythemostimportantmedicaldecisionIwillevermake.”
ClintonFoundation
"Thereasonpeoplestartcharitiesintheirnameanddonatesignificantamountsofmoneyoftenboilsdowntoadesiretofeellikethey’recontributingtoacausetheycareaboutortoincreasetheirstandinginthecommunity,Skeetsaid.Theseare,howeverabstract,aformofpersonalbenefit."
"'Alldonorstoallorganizationsgiveforareasonyoucantiebacktopersonalbenefit,'shesaid."(APPhoto/CarolynKaster,File)
“Majorscandalsinpreviouslyrespectedcompaniesoverthelasttwoyearshaveshakenpublicconfidencethattheywillbewelltreatedbycompanies,”saysHanson.
“Companiesthatinvestincreatingethicalcommunitiesandculturescanexpectbetterbusinessresultsandavertmostreputationalcrises,”addsSkeet.
DogWhistlePolitics
"Intentionalornot,Trump’scommentsareincendiary“dogwhistles”—veiledmessagesthatareheardbyunstablepeople,whichcanhaveahighlikelihoodofresultinginviolence,"Callaghansaid."WerethesecommentsillegalthreatsObviouslynot.Theywere,however,reckless,irresponsible,andunethical."(APPhoto/GeraldHerbert,File)
TheDemocracyProject
"Alotof[technologists]havebeenunawareoftheirownimpact,oftheimpactofthetoolsthatthey'redesigningontheworldthattherestofusgettolivein,"Raicusaid."Therearedifferentgroupsthatneedtobemoreawareatamoreindepthlevel,butallofusneedtobeawareoftheimpactoftechnologyondemocracy."(APPhoto/DavidZalubowski)
HealthCareEthicsInternship
“Studentsobserveclinicians’everydaywork,”saysMcLean.“Theyaredirectlyexposedtoethicalissuesarisinginthehealthcaresetting.Studentsdevelopadeepunderstandingofcurrentethicalissuesinhealthcare,strongcriticalthinkingskills,andcompassion."
DevelopingNewsTrustworthiness
"TheTrustProject,forinstance,isusingexpertisefromuniversities,mediaandtechnologycompaniestodevelopanonlineindicatorintendedtosignalwhetheranewsoperationistrustworthy.If,likeme,youarefrustratedwhensupposednewssitesdon’tdisclosewhoownsthemorcreatesthestories,youmightwelcomeanindicator."(APPhoto/RichardVogel)
PalliativeCare
"Anethicalprinciplereliedonbybothproponentsandopponentsofaid-in-dyingisautonomy,"McLeansaid."Autonomyisinplaywhenwemakeourownmedicaldecisions.""Butifpatientshaveunrelenting,unmanagedpain,cantheytrulyexercisetheirautonomy;cantheytrulymakeafreechoicetodieinthiswayIfwewanttoensuretheautonomyofendoflifechoices,weneedexcellent,easilyavailablepalliativecare,whosegoalitistorelievephysical,psychosocial,andspiritualdistress,treatingtheentireperson."(APPhoto/CarrieAntlfinger)
"ItistimeTrumpundertakeshisfirstpresidentialactbydemonstratingthatheis,infact,presidentforall,"Callaghansaid."Mr.Trumpmusthealthiscountry.HemustletthosewhowouldcommithatefulactsinhisnameknowthathatewillnotstandinhisAmerica.Trumpmustn’tletthehatersstealhislegacybeforeithasevenbegun.IpraythathetakestotheairwavesnowandnotwaituntilheissworninJan.20.There’snotimetowaste."(APPhoto/EvanVucci)
ThearticlereportsthatSallyLehrman,directoroftheJournalismEthicsProgramattheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthics,"saidthefailurehighlightedthedifficultythatnewsdistributorssuchasGoogleandFacebook,aswellasinternetusers,hadindistinguishingfakenewsonline."(APPhoto/PaulSakuma,File)SubscriptionOnly.
Newspapers
OscarBulaong
OscarBulaong,director,Gov.JoseB.Fernandez,Jr.EthicsCenteratAteneodeManilaUniversity.
News
"TheTrustProjectisprovidingactionablesolutionstohelpnewsroomsfosterdeeperaudienceengagementandhighlightthecompetency,ethicsanddependabilityoftheirwork,"wroteHongsdusit.
Newspaper
"Wealsodon'tknowifTrumpwillbeabletocommunicatewiththosedoingbusinesswithhisfirm.Attheveryleasthewillbeabletokeeptabsonhisbusinessthroughthepress.TherewillbethosewhotrytocurryfavorwiththePresidentbydoingbusinesswithhissonsinanefforttoimprovethePresident'sbusinesspositionwhenheleavesoffice."(APPhoto/RichardDrew,File)
KirkHansononCNBCAsia
"DonaldTrumphasveryeffectivelyshieldedpublicdisclosureabouthisholdingsthroughouttheworld,"Hansonsaid."Hehasrefusedtoreleasehistaxreturns,whichhasbeenatraditionforAmericanpresidentialcandidatesinthepast,andasaresultAmericanpeopleandpeopleelsewhereintheworldsimplydon'tknowtheextentofhisrelationshipsandhisentanglementsandhisbusinessinterests.Nonetheless,Ithinkthere'sasenseinwhichthere'safeelingwe'vegottosomehowgetahandleonthat,inordertojudgewhethertheprovisionsthathehasmadefor'insulatinghimself'areadequateenough."(CNBCAsia)
EpiPen
“Thereisalwaysusererror,”saysMcLean,“ThatistruewithFDA-approveddrugstoo.ButtheerrorislessifIdon’thavetodrawuptherightamountofepinephrinemyself.I’mgratefulforthestandardizationandcheckontheinjectoritself,andthatthedoseinthereisappropriateforme.(APPhoto/MarkZaleski,File)
FacebookMural(APPhoto/JeffChiu,File)
“Mostpeopledon’tknowthislevelofanalysisisbeingdoneonthemandthere’sanimbalanceofpowercomingfromanimbalanceofinformation,”shesaid.
WilburRoss
AccordingtoCallaghan,Rossoughtto“leavealltheboards,selleverythingandinvesttheproceedsinablindtrustwithanindependentmanager.”(APPhoto/ManuelBalceCeneta)
GirlatcomputerlookingatFacebook(APPhoto/PaulSakuma,File)
"Wearetalkingaboutsomethingsoclearlyharmfultothepeoplebothtothevictimsandtoallthepeoplevictimizedbyevenwatching,”saidRaicu.
Emoluments
“Theproblemthatwehaveisthattherereallyhasbeennolitigationdefiningwhatemolumentsmean,"saidCallaghan.“Onethingthatthepresidentcoulddowouldbetodivestandallthiswouldgoaway."(APPhoto/EvanVucci,File)
KirkO.Hanson
"Ethicsisreallyrelevanttoeverydecisionabusinessmakes,butit'salsorelevanttothekindofdecisionsweastheconsumersmakes,"Hansonsaid."Wecouldtalkabouttheethicsofwhetherthebusinesstreatsyoufairly,whethertheproductsareasadvertised,whetherthey'reavailable."Butalso"therearequestionsthoughabouttheethicsofcustomers.Shouldcustomersusetheirvaluesinchoosingwheretodobusiness"
Trust
MLBHallofFame
"AnnSkeetagreestheseplayers’inductionintotheHallofFamesendsthewrongmessagetoyoungfans,butsaysonesolutionisplayerspubliclyacknowledgingtheirdecisionstousePEDswaswrong."(APPhoto/MarcioJoseSanchez)
MagokoroSalon
"Howeverfartherepairofthephysicalenvironmenthasgone,therepairofthespiritremainsaprofoundchallenge,"DeCossewrites.
"Welooktothesebasictraditionaltypesofnewsorganizationsforinformationbutwe'realsogettinginformationthroughthesemediumsandnewsdistributionplatforms...suchasFacebook,andGooglesearchandTwitter,"Lehrmansaid."Sothat'swhyit'simportanttothinkaboutwherearewereallygettingourinformationbecauseit'scomingfromthenewsorganizationsthatareproducingit,butthenitcanbedistributedthroughalotofdifferentmeansandinthisenvironmentsometimesit'shardtotellwheretheinformationiscomingfromandwhetheryou'rereallylookingatanewsarticleproducedthroughtraditionaljournalisticpracticesandethicalpractices."(APPhoto/RichardVogel)
AnnSkeet
"Leaderswhoaregonnahavethemostimpactintermsofbeingethicalleadersaregonnaputsomeenergyintothedesignofthesystemthatthey'reoperatingwithinandthey'regonnaacceptsomeresponsibilityforthat,"saidSkeet.
"Youmightask,whyshouldwecareiftheTrumpOrganizationdoesbusinesswithforeigngovernments"saidCallaghan."Publicofficialshaveadutytoputthepublic’sinterestbeforetheirown.Theyalsohaveadutytopreservetrustingovernmentbyavoidingeventheappearanceofimpropriety.Byenrichinghimselfthroughdoingbusinesswithforeigngovernments,thepresidentraisesquestionsabouthisforeignpolicymotives.
TravelBan
“ThetechindustryisthenaturalrallyingpointfortheglobalvaluesthatmostofAmericaespouses,”saidHanson.“It'saself-interestedbattlebecausetheindustryisthemostdiversebynationalorigincomparedtoanyindustryintheU.S.andisasubstantialuseroftemporaryvisas.Thisisanissuetheyarereadytoaddress.”(APPhoto/StevenSenne)
HeatherGregory
Sinceoneofthemostimportantdutieselectedofficialshaveisthefiduciarydutytotaxpayermoney,"thatmeansthepubliccomesbeforeyourfamilysometimes,"saidCallaghan.(PhotoCredit:TomasGonzalez/DRC)
ChemicalWarfare
"EveninthehelloftheSyriancivilwar,theuseofchemicalweaponscrossedanunacceptablelineofinhumanity,"saidDeCosseandGreen."ButhowdoestheAmericanresponsefitintolargerquestionsofjustwartheory;thehistoryofchemicalweapons;andrecenttechnicaldevelopmentsinsuchweapons"(PhotobyOMARHAJKADOUR/AFP/GettyImages)
MOOCs
NeilGorsuch
"InthecaseoftheSenateGOP’srefusaltoconsider[ObamanomineeMerrick]Garland,thedeparturefromfairproceduresandthespiritoffairplay(whichsoundsquaintbutreferstotheethicalgluethatkeepsusasapeopleboundbytheConstitution)erodethebasisoflegitimacy,"saidDeCosse.(APPhoto/DavidZalubowski)
Valentine'sDay
"Whatmightlooklikea'coastalelite'bubbleoratechbubblefromafarlooksquitedifferentcloseup,"Raicusaid."Sure,SiliconValleyhasmuchtobecriticizedfor.Butitalsohasmuchtolove."
Truth
"Whatwehopetodoiselevatethequalityofjournalismthatyouwillseeonline,"Lehrmansaid."Withallofthefakenewsyouseeoutthere,peopledidn'tknowwheretoturnto.Theprojectwillhelpreadersbecomebetterinformed."
LehrmanalsodiscussestheworkofTheTrustProjectingreaterdetailinthisinterviewwithWatershedMedia.
"Keepingupwiththenewsisimportant,"Raicusays."Communicatingwithfriendsandfamilyisimportant,too.Butmaybeit’stimetoseparatethe“news”fromthenewsfeedagain—notbecauseeitherofthemisunnecessaryorfrivolous,butbecausetheydeservedifferentkindsofattention.Blendedtogether,theynowblurintoawholelessmeaningfulthanitsparts."(APPhoto/ThibaultCamus)
IvankaTrump
“There’snoquestionthattheprominenceoftheTrumpfamilyingovernmentcreatesadvantagesinthecommercialworld,”saidHanson.“TheTrumpbrandswillgenerateanunendingseriesoflawsuitsoverthenextfouryearsbecausetheconflictofinterestisrealandunresolved.”
“Tomyknowledge,thisisthefirsttimeafirstfamilyhashadsomanybusinessconflictsofinterestinAmericanhistory,”headded.“Wewilllearnalotfromthenextfouryears,anditmayleadtoareassessmentofourethicslawsandexemptionswegrantforthepresidentandforadvisorswhodon’tholdformalWhiteHousejobs.”(APPhoto/CarolynKaster)
TransparencyMatters
"Thepresidentshouldsignanexecutiveorderrequiringthatdigitalcommunicationsbetweenexecutivebranchemployeesbetransmittedinsuchawayastoallowretentionforthepublicrecord,"saysCallaghan."Likewise,theStateofCaliforniashouldupdateitsopengovernmentlawstoprohibittheuseofprivateemailaccountsanddevicestoconductpublicbusiness."(APPhoto/KeithSrakocic)
TheDebateOverExploringandInhabitingMars
"ThedecisionswemakeandtheactionswetakewilllikelyhavealargerimpactonfuturehumangenerationsandpotentialMartianlifeformsthantheyhaveonus,"McLeansaid.(APPhoto/NASA/JPL)
RealEstate
"Insituationslikethis,itraisesredflagsanditmaycausethepublictowonder,isheactinginthepublic'sbestinterestorisheactinginhisclient'sbestinterest"saidCallaghan."Isthisacasewherehisclientgotinsiderknowledgeoraninsidetrackthatwasn'tavailabletootherpotentialpurchasersoftheland"(APPhoto/PaulSakuma)
ShinyaTsukamotoplaysaChristianmartyrinthefilmversionof"Silence."(APPhoto/YuriKageyama)
"Whohasn’tthoughtthatGodcanbeagonizinglysilentSilenceisamasterpieceoftheexaminationofthisrealityofthehumancondition,"DeCossewrites.
Snap
PrivacyEthics
“Manytimespeoplefeelprivacyisveryimportantbutneedstobebalancedagainstotherrights,"saidRaicu."Itmakesitreallydifficulttodevelopacodeofethics.”
"Idothinkyouhavetostartaskingyourselfifthereisn'tbroaderreputationalrisktothecompanyinhavingthispersonastheirCEO,"Skeetsaid.
BioEthics
"Thepotentialofartificialintelligence,bigdata,biotechandotherbreathtakingtechnologiesgivesusreasonstocheer,"writeHansonandRitchie."Thesetechnologieswillhelpuscurediseases,increaseprosperityandlivesustainably.Butwealsoneedtoaggressivelyaddressthecomplicatedethicalchoicesthataccompanyeachbreakthrough."
RichardNixon
"AlotoftheethicslawsthatgovernthedifferentagenciesandbranchesofthefederalgovernmentcameaboutasaresultofWatergate,"Callaghansaid."TheOfficeofGovernmentEthicswascreatedafterthat."(APPhoto)
MormonLeaks
"It'sveryfairtoaskpeopletotellyou,'Whataretheparametersyou'reusing,whataretheguidelinesyou'reusingtodecidethesethings'"Skeetadded."Itdoesn'tmeanthatpersonhasto,butitalsodoesn'tmeananybodyhastopayattentiontothatperson.There'splentyofpeoplewhopoststuffandblogstuffallthetime."(APPhoto/RickBowmer)
NotallofthelawmakerswereassternastheyaddressedtheCEOofa$486billioncompany,leavingthequestionofregulationanuncertainty,atbest.
“Iheard…congressmenwhodirectlyaskedforhelpinconnectingtheirconstituentstotheinternet,”saidIrinaRaicu,directoroftheinternetethicsprogramattheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthicsatSantaClaraUniversity.“They’resupposedtotakehimtotask,notaskforhelp.”
mobileapps
"AccordingtoHanaCallaghan,directorofgovernmentethicsattheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthicsatSantaClaraUniversity,electedofficialshaveaclearethicalresponsibilitytoprovidetransparencyandaccountabilitytothepeopletheyserve,eveniftheydonothavealegalone.
“'Justbecausesomethingislegaldoesn’tnecessarilymeanit’sethical,'shesaid."
BoardMeeting
SaudiArabiasign
"'Companiesarefacedwithparticularchallengeswheneverthey'redealingwithcountriesthatareundertotalitarianregimes,becausethey'reabitmoremercurial,'warnsDonHeider,headoftheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthicsatSantaClaraUniversity.Plus,withsocialmedia,hesays,'thespeedatwhichinformationtravels,andyourreputationcanbedamaged,hasincreasedexponentially.'"
Googlesign
APPhoto/PaulSakuma
InreferencetoGoogle'sagreementtopaynearly$1.25milliontofundtwoSunnyvalecitystaffpositions,HanaCallaghansaysthattheagreementappearstocreateaconflictofinterestgiventhescaleatwhichGoogleisgrowingwithinthecity.Whenaskedifthearrangementwasmadetobuyinfluence,Callaghananswered,"Evenifthatwasn'ttheintendedeffect,itcertainlygivestheappearancethatthatmightbewhatisthemotivationbehindit."Callaghanadded,"Eveniftheyagreethattheywon'tgetspecialtreatment,isthatactuallywhatinfactisgoingtohappen"
robothandtyping
“TherearealotofpeoplesuddenlyinterestedinA.I.ethicsbecausetheyrealizethey’replayingwithfire.Andthisisthebiggestthingsincefire.”
InthisfilephotofromOct.28,2006,amockpatientiscaredforduringadrillattheNebraskabiocontainmentunitintheNebraskaMedicalCenterinOmaha,Neb.(APPhoto/NatiHarnik)
"AnnMongoventhinksthatitis'almostimpossibleformodernmedicineandresearch'tobeconductedwithoutconflictsofinterest.Butwhenitcomestoinaccuratedisclosures,Mongovensaiditcomesdowntothreepossibilities:'Sloppiness,deliberatedeceitorhighlyquestionabledistinction-making.'"
"Mongovensaidthatdisclosuresareanacknowledgementthatscientistsmaynotbethebestjudgesofdistortionwhentheystandtobenefitfinanciallyfromapublishedfinding.Shelikeneddisclosurestoacommunitycheckonthewayfinancialincentivesmaycloudconcludingjudgements."
MemorialforNewZealandShooting
“Peoplemaywellwatchsomethinginhorrorandstillnotreportit,”saidIrinaRaicu,directoroftheInternetEthicsProgramattheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthicsatSantaClaraUniversity.“Reportssuggestthattherewasapre-planned,coordinatedefforttomodifythevideosothatitwouldevadeautomaticdetection;thepeoplewhopostedsuchversionsaremuchmoreofaconcernthanthosewhojustwatchedbutdidn’treportit.”
GoogleSign
"Ithinkthiswasagreatmissedopportunity.Itleftmewonderingwho,withinGoogle,wasinvolvedinthedecision-makingaboutwhomtoinvite.(Thatdecision,initself,requireddiverseinput.)Butthisspeakstothebroaderproblemhere:thefactthatGooglemadetheannouncementaboutthecreationoftheboardwithoutanyexplanationoftheircriteriaforselectingtheparticipants.Therewasalsoverylittlediscussionoftheirreasonsforcreatingtheboard,whattheyhopedtheboard'simpactwouldbe,etc.Hadtheyprovidedmorecontext,theensuingdiscussionmighthavebeendifferent.
"Thereareotherissues,too;givenhowfastAIisdevelopingandbeingdeployed,fourmeetings(evenwithadiversegroupofAIethicsadvisors),overthecourseofayear,arenotlikelytohavemeaningfulimpact--i.e.toreallychangethetrajectoryofresearchorproductdevelopment.Aslongasthemodelisagiledevelopment,weneedagileethicsinput,too."
BetoO'Rourke
HanaCallaghan,agovernmentspecialistatSantaClaraUniversity’sMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthics,saidvotersmightwanttoconsiderboththegravityofanycandidate’soffensesandtheperson’sageatthetime.
Amongthequestionsvotersshouldask,shesaid:“WhatwastheviolationWasitegregiousWhatdoesitsayabouttheircharacter–dotheybelievetherulesdon’tapplytothem”Ifsubstantialtimehaspassed,sheadded,votersshoulddecidewhethertheperson“learnedtheerroroftheirwaysandnolongerengagesinthosekindofbehaviour.”
DonHeider
"Theirattentionhasprimarilybeengettingmarketsontoproductandmaximizingprofits,ratherthanthesesafetyissues.AndIthinktimeandtimeagainthesafetyissueshavetostarttakingprecedent."
"WegetalotofcoverageofwhereisTrump,what'shedoing,who'shetalkingto...andmuchlessaroundthelivedexperiencesofpeoplewhoarepresumedtobepartofthevotingelectorate.Sowithasolidarityapproachtocoveringelections,itshiftsfocusfromelitecandidates,elitesupporters,elitepartiesandinsteadlookingatwheremostofthecountryiswhichisontheground,doingthework,andtryingtoengagenotjustinpoliticsthathappenonthefirstTuesdayofNovembereveryfouryearsbutengaginginpoliticsyearround."
BerkleyCenterGeorgetownUniversity
FacebookCEOMarkZuckerbergannouncedThursdayhewaschangingthenameofthecompany‘Meta’anddescribedthecreationofafuturisticmetaverseclaimingthatprivacyandsecuritywouldbeapproachedwithhumilityandopenness.
DonHeider,executivedirector,expresseddoubts.
"Theyhavenotmovedforwardwithhumilityontheirbasicproduct,ontheirbasicplatform."
"Dowetrustthemnottoemotionallymanipulateus",Heiderasks."Theansweris,atthispoint,no,becausetheydonothaveagoodtrackrecordinthisarea."
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