1、八年级英语上册笔记;always（总是,usually（通常,ofen（经常,sometimes（有时,hardlyever几乎不never（从不频率副词助动词、be动词、情态动词后，行为动词前!Unit1Howoftendoyouexercisehardly,never为否定副词，句中不需再加no或not提问常用howoften均可用现在时、过去时，且always,never还用于将来时Thewomanisverybusy,sosheseldom（难得，很少WatchesTV.hard困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的（形容词Thegroundistoohardtodig.努力地；猛烈地
3、ueverbeenthereji习惯动作或重复动作（疑问或否定句DoyouevereatmeatOYouarehardlyeverathome.比以往任何时候，曾经（比较时加强语气eranfasterthanever.:1I用于why,when等词后，表惊讶”究竟，到底”Wheneverdidyouleave:HYPERLINKlbookmark2oCurrentDocumentIIiforever永远hardlyever几乎从来不，难得neverever从不，永不：onceaweek一周一次twiceaweek一周两次threetimesaweek一周三次前面中间均不用介
4、词|onceuponatime从前Oatonce立亥0，马上on/atweekends周末。口the/this/thatweekends（在双方都知道的特定周末）IIgotothemovies=seeamoive=gotothecinema=watchamovie去看电影;gotothetheater去看戏gototheconcert去听音乐会;gotoschool/college上（大）学Ogotochurch做礼拜IIlook（有意识地看，强调）看（不及物接宾语at）Pleaselookatmyfamilyphoto.see（着重看的结）看见seethedoctor,seeafilm;wa
5、tch（仔细、欣赏观看,（仔细查看watchaplay/match/showread看书，读报，读（钟表readabook/newspaper/watch;exercise运动，锻炼（不及物动Heexercisesthreetimesaweek.;运动，锻炼（不可数名）Youshouldtakeexercise（=dosports）ifwanttohealthy.;练习；操（可数名词）Studentsalwayshavealotofexercisestodo.;doeyeexercises做眼保健操morningexercises作早操isurf在冲浪（及物动词冲浪（不及物动词Iliketos
7、reading阅读somewashing洗涮somecooking做饭dosomeswimming游泳somespeaking说话somelistening多听i；not不（副词，后接动词、形容词）副词no不，没有（形容词，作定语，后接可数名词、不可n数名词n/ariyhavenofriendsNoonecandoit.不许，不可（省略句中Nosmoking!禁止吸烟Nophotos!禁止拍照i:;Hereare倒装句式主语为代词，全句半倒装结构Hereyouare给你Herehecomes他来了主语为名词，全句全倒装结构Hereareyourbooks.Herecomesthebus.i;r
8、esult结果，成绩（可数名词getgoodresults取得好成绩listentotheresults听结果theresultsof结果iasfor至于，就而言AsforEnglish,Ilikeitverymuch.I;Weallcome,butasforhim,hedidntcome.厂about大约Sheisabouttwentyyearsold.;在周围Ilostmypenabouttheclassroom.关于，对于TheyaretalkingaboutaTVplay.注意on“关于，”用于表示严肃或学术性场合，供专门SpeechonAfricahistoryi-most多数的，大
9、部分的Mostpeoplethinkso.最大的，最多的Whogotthemosthelp大多数，大部分，大多数人（代词）；mostofthe+复数名词Mostofthestudentsliketravelling.imostof+物主代词+名词Hespendsmostofhistimetravelling.!mostof+宾格代词Mostofusliketravelling.i非常，很（副词=veryItsamostinterestingbook.；一般现在时;经常发生频率副词always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday,everyweek等!客观真理i心
10、理状态和感觉动词无进行时be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,understand,；remember,feel,believe,guess,think,look,see,hear,find,have,sound,taste等I；drink喝（tea,water,milk,cola,bee液体类ieat吃（fruit,vegetables,rice,fishfmeie类eat/havesoup喝汤takemedicine喝药;have吃，喝（三餐breakfast,lunch,supper,dinner）;wantsth想要什么|w
11、anttodosth想要做什么=feellikedoing=wouldliketodosthwantsbtodosth想要某人做某事i注意want侧重主观，need侧重客观需要sthwant/needdoing主动表被动iTheflowerswant/needwatering.=Theflowerswant/needtobewatered.1ibegoodfor对有益Itisagoodhabittodosth做什么是一个好习惯：ibegoodto对好fall/getintothehabitof沾染习惯ibegoodat擅自formthehabitof养成习惯：1ibegoodwith和相处得好
12、outofhabit出于习惯：1r；health健康(n)Theoldmanisingoodhealth.1keepingoodhealth:;healthy健康的(adj)Mygrandmaisveryhealthy.OkeephealthyOstayhealthy!L1pretty很，相当(adv)Themanisprettyold.OThebookisprettyexpensive.pretty漂亮的，秀丽的(adj)Whataprettygirl!eatinghabits饮食习惯0sleepingpill安眠药drinkingwater饮用水II;try(not)todosth努力(不
13、)做某事Itrytoanswerthequestion.;trydoingsth尝试做某事Hetriedswimmingacrosstheriver.itryout试验CanItryoutyournewbicycle；tryon试穿Thedressisverynice.CanItryitonitryonesbesttodosth尽最大努力去做某事WeshouldtryourbesttostudyEnglishwell.haveatry尝试一下lookafter照看11；helpsbtodosth1111lookat=havealookat|helpsbdosth111；lookover检杳
14、1;helpsbwithsth111lookup（在字典）杳找iwithoneshelp=withthehelpof111lookforwardto期待，盼望helponeselfto请随便吃些1111；lookaround/about环顾1-;canthelpdoingsth禁不住，情不自禁111too肯定句，句中前后用逗，句末前用逗号Hehasaknife.Ihaveaknife,too.also肯定句，实义动词前，系助动词后Sandywasalsoattheparty.;either否定句，句末前用逗号Hewontgo,either.iSayingathingisverydifferen
15、tfromdoingit.;WhatsthedifferencebetweenthetwowordsIIkindof稍微，有点儿Imkindoftired我有点累;akindof一种allkindsof各种各样的different/manykindsof不同种/许多种类；Itsverykindofyoutodothati；maybe大概，或许(副词=perhapsMaybeyouareright.;maybe(情态动词be)Youmayberight.;although虽然，尽管（从属连谟though不能与but（并列连j同时使用，但可与still,yet同时连用Althoughheisol
16、d,heisstillhealthy.=Heisold,butheisstillhealthy.注意：because与so不能连用。BecauseA句，B句=人句，soB句Ikeepdoingsth持续做某事（不间断keepondoingsth反复做某事（短暂间断;keepsb/sth+adj.使某人保持某种状态ikeepsb/sthfromdoingsth阻止，保护不受（from）；keepupwith赶上Okeepashop开商店keepintouchwith与某保持联系keepaneyeon照看;must必须，应当（否定needt或donthavet不必MustIstayhereNo.
17、Youneednt/donthaveto.mustnt禁止Youmustntdrivesofast.不许开车开得这么快。must必定会，很可能Thisdishmustbedelicious.这道菜肯定好吃I111Whatswrongwithyou,jiWhatsthematter/troublewithyou;Unit2Whatsthematter:|Whatsyourtrouble;Whatsup:1ihaveabackache背痛=haveasorebackiMylegshurts.iMyeyesache.iIhaveapaininthearm.givesbadviceonsth
18、给某人提有关某某建议：takeonesadvice听从某人的建议：1advisesb（not）todosth建议某人（不）做某事1111;getback=beback=comeback=return1seethedoctor=gotothedoctorsji|lie躺；位于一laylainlying;lie说谎一lied一lied一lying1believesb相信某人（的话）!believeinsb信任某人1;Ithinkso.我认为是这样；Idontthinkso.我认为不是这样i类似词：believe,suppose,hope,say等1feel/be/gettired感到疲劳be/fe
19、eltiredof对感到厌倦：1be/feeltiredwith因劳累：11ihopeso；hopetodosthihopethat从句（很可能实现的愿望!hopeforsthr1wishsbtodosth1wishsbsth1wishtodo:wishthat从句（不太可能实现的愿望!1problem难以解决难题或问题，与solve、settle搭配question要口头回答的问题，与ask、answer搭配trouble麻烦事，忧虑，与have、make搭配;forexample举例说明（只举一个Heboughtalotofschoolthings,forexample,notebooks
20、.suchas列举同类中的几个例子=likeiHeknowsseverallanguages,suchasEnglish,FrenchandRussian.iItis+adj+for+sb+todosth形容词表事情性质、：特mprotant,easy,difficult,hard,necessary等Itis+adj+of+sb+todosth形容词表人的品质、：特质d,wise,clever,good,right,foolish等everybody/everyone每个人（谓语用单数，后不能接Everybody/everyonelikeschildren.everyone每个人，每件物（后
21、能接f）Everyoneofuslovesthechildren.i;getstressedout变得紧张，有压力的understress在压力之下Iatthatmoment在那时I；atthemoment=now目前forthemoment暂时|atthelastmoment在最后关头amomentago冈U才;justamoment稍等一下foramoment一会儿Ikeepbalance保持平衡ablanceddiet饮食平衡abalanceof的平衡Iibesorrytodosth对做感到遗憾.besorryforsb对某人感到遗憾ibesorryaboutsth对某事感到遗憾;|be
23、统节日或法定节日Teachers，Daygocamping去野营gohiking去徒步远足Ogoboating去划船dosomewashing洗衣服somecooking煮饭someshopping买东西;dosomecleaning大扫除somelistening/reading/writing/speaking多听/读/写/说II;How/Whatabout（prep+sb/sth/doingsth怎么样；对于怎么样|How/Whataboutyou,Tony;How/Whataboutyourexamlastweek,KateHow/Whataboutsittinginthegar
25、某事II;send,give,show,bring,teach,tell+sb+sth=V+sthtosb;buy,sing,make,cook,get+sbforsbMyfatherboughtacomputerforme.Pleasesendittohim.isendsth发送某物makeaplan制订计划sendsbsth=sendsthtosb把某物寄给某人workoutaplan拟订计划sendsbtodosth派某人做某事plantodosth打算做某事；sendback送回，退回planfor为作计划!sendforsb派人去请某人planon(doing)sth指望，打算1:s
26、endup发射，使价格上升:年月周前要用in,星期几号则用on；泛指上午下午需用in,具体日子则用on；午夜黄昏黎明用at:TOCo1-5hz；亠、;befamousfor+者名的原因（特产ChinaisveryfamousfortheGreatWall.!YaoMingisfamousforplayingbasketball.:befamousas以（身份、职业、产地、）而方名YaoMingisfamousasabasketballplayer.:Idecidesthdecidetodosthdecideondoingsth决定做某事decidethat从句thinkabout从各方
28、健忘的irentsthfromsb从某人处租用某物rentsthtosb把某物租给某人:V+v-ing作宾语finishdoingsth完成做某事practisedoingwith练习做某事enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事minddoingsth介意做某事keepdoingsth保持做某事iasksbsth问某人某事Unit4Howdoyougettoschool;asksb（not）todosth问某人某事askforsth请求某事；要某物asksbforsth向某人要某物:gettoIarriveinireachWuhan(名词getarrivereach卜home,here,the
30、okmefourhourstogotoWuhanbybus.:HYPERLINKlbookmark10oCurrentDocumentii;Iifrommorningtoevening从早到晚stop（市区沿途停靠的站；fromdoortodoor挨家挨户|station（停、转车辆车站；局，所：frombeginningtoend自始至终stoptodosth停下来去做某事；fromtimetotime时不时stopdoingsth停止正在做的某事II:!havebreakfast/lunch/supper/dinnerhaveaquick/light/deliciousbre
32、okmark4oCurrentDocument；亠alargepartof大部分!;dependon/upon取决于；依靠而定Itdependsontheweather.beillinhospital生病住院I2I；bedifferentfrom与不同Bananasaredifferentfromoranges.asmallnumberof少量的：；find/knowthedifference找到不同点anumberof许多的：IImakea/thedifference有影响；起重要作用alarge/geatnumberof大量的：；makenodifference无关紧要|!帀;需t
33、hH；+；w:y卞（部分否定并不是所有;Notalltheanswersareright=Alltheanswersarentright.1speakto/withsb对/同某人说话（能力speakChinese讲中文J;saytosbsth（强调说话内容!Unit5Canyoucometomyparty:talkto/withsb（强调动作talkaboutsb/sth谈论某人/某事tellsbsth（双宾tellastory/lie讲故事tellsbtodosth告诉某人做某事tellAfromB区分；Wouldyouliketo向别人发出邀请、征求意见|Yes,Idloveto./Id
34、liketo.接受邀请肯定回答!TOCo1-5hzIi:；What/Howabout|Yes,Itsverynice/kindofyou.:ii；ShallI（we）|Thatsoundsgreat.:ii；MayIinviteyoutoThatsoundslikefun:ii；|Imhappy/gladto；.111IIdlove/liketo,but否定婉拒回答Maybesomeother/anothertime.!;ImsorryIcant.Ihaveto:ImafraidIcant:1IImafraidnot.!II;sure当然可以=certainly=yes(口语肯定回)答
35、MayIuseyoupen-Sure.|besuretodo务必，千万(祈使句Besuretogiveitbackintime.;sbbesuretodo某人一定会做Hessuretocome.isbbesureof/about一定，肯定Heissureofsuccess=Heissurethathewillsucceed.isbbesurethat从句肯定，有把握Imsurewhoheis.expect,hope,wish,prefer,want,try等词后动词不定式省略时不能省略toIhaventbeentoHongKong,butIwishto(gothere).haveto(客观上
36、不得不(否定loiithaveto)Itsraining.Ihavetostayathome.；must(主观意|不得不(否定loiithaveto,ne6t)nYoumustdoyourhomeworkfirst.mustnot禁止:have/takeapianoclass上一节钢琴课havehistorylessons上历史课teach/givesbalesson给某人一个教训learnoneslesson吸取教训thanksfor因而感谢Thanksforhelpingmethanksto多亏；由于(=becauseof)Thankstoyourhelp,wefinishedit.bab
39、火柴Matchwordswiththepictures把词和图片搭配起来;allmylife=thewholelifealltheday=thewholeday整天：allofthestudents=thewholeofthestudents!丄；、；comeoverto顺便拜访=callon=dropin；走过来Theywillcomeovertomyhomefordinner.:；:Hecameovertomeandshookmyhand.TOCo1-5hzI二J；discusssth/todosth/宾语从句Letsdiscussthematter.:1Idiscusssthwi
40、thsb与某人商讨某事：；、_、haveadiscussionaboutsth对某事进行讨论：!1Iheavy胖的；笨重的一heavierheaviestthin瘦的一thinner-thinestj|heavyrain/snow/smoke大雨/雪/浓烟aserious/badillness一场大病Oastrongwind一场大风!heavysmoker/drinker/eater烟瘾/酒瘾/食量大的人lightrain小雨haveaheavycold重感冒1Unit6Immoreoutgoingthananysister.j!calm（人）镇静的1!inthis/theway用这种方法；挡
41、道111istill（物理上安静状态止的bytheway顺便说一下111iquiet（没有吵闹、骚静止的;（人娴静、文静静的:onthe/oneswayto在去路上111isilent（人不发出声音或不说沉默的；无言的1iinsomeways在某些方面1111;beseriousabout对认真!ibestrictwithsb对某人严格bestrictinsth对某事严格iii1both代词Botharestudents.iiiBothofthe/物主代词+复数名词Bothofherchildrenarestudents.TOCo1-5hzIIBothof宾格代词Bothofusare
42、teachers.；1I形容词Boththeseroomsareempty.BothAandB两个都注意：all指三者以上!iii;morethanone+单数名词不止一个（谓语单数Morethanoneboyknowshowtoplaythegame.:more+复数名词thanone+谓语复数Morestudentsthanonewereabsent.:IImorethan超过；多于（=over）Hisfatherismorethan/overfifty.（notmorethan不多于）imorethan不仅Sheismorethanateacher.:IInomorethan仅仅Ther
43、earenomorethantenticketsleft.:IImorethan比多Therearemoreboysthangirlsinourclass.incommon共同之处IIincommonwith与共有，共同IIhavesomethingincommon有共同之处!havenothingincommon没有共同之处jicommonknowledge常识jcommonsense常识；常理IIacommonsaying俗话:IIacommonwish一个共同的愿望|I;as+adj./adv+as名词/代词/句子Heworksashardasbefore.notas/so+adj/ad
44、v+as名词/代词/句子HisEnglishisnotas/sogoodasmine.II;much,far,even,alittle,alot,abit等修饰比较级，而very,too,so,rather,quite只能修饰原级iShealittlemoreoutgoingthanme.她比我更开朗一些.Sheisfarsmarterthanbefore.I;Heisalittletallerthanyou.i;morethanmore越来越Moreandmorecountriesbegintosavethefinancialcrisis.;The+比较级，the+比较级越，就越Thehar
45、deryoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.the+比较级of+thetwoLucyisthetallerofthetwins.;make/have/let/keep使役动词+宾语+省to不定式/形容词/名词（作宾语;Thebossmadethemworkforlongtime.iWhathesaidmakesushappy.WemadeJohnourmonitor.Icareaboutsth关心；在意careforsb/sth喜欢，想要takecare=lookout当心，小心takecareof照顾withcare小心，慎重；be/feel/get/beco
46、meinterestedin对感兴趣；take/show/haveaninterestin对有兴趣loseaninterestin对失去兴趣find（no）interestin发觉对（没）有兴趣；aplaceofgreatinterest风景名胜；land与or用法;Icantsingordance我不会唱歌跳舞LilyandLucycantspeakChinese.莉莉和露西都不会说汉语Manwilldiewithoutairorwater.没有空气和水人就不能生存Thereisnowaterandnoaironthemoon.月球上没有空气和水begoodwith（to）sb善待某人beg
47、oodatsth擅长于;begoodfor有益于i；primaryschool小学bytheway顺便说一下bedifferentfrom与不同it替代上文提到同一个事物（复数用hey）Thereisabookonthetable,anditismine.that代替上文提到同一名称事物（复数用hose）TheweatherinWuhanishotterthanthatinYueyang.one泛指上文提到同一类事物（复数用）nes）Thisbikeischeaperthanthatone.ibegintodosth=begindoingsth开始做某事;|只能用begintodosth情形i
48、SthbegintodosthTheicebegantomelt.;bebeginningtodosthHeisjustbeginningtowritetheletter.ibeginto+想法、感情动词Shebegantounderstandit.ibeginwith=startwith以开女台TOCo1-5hzcan/could/beabletoafford承担得起；买得起（vt.）Wecanaffordthenewhouse.:;11affordto负担得起（vi.）Wecantaffordtogoabroadthissummer.:；afford提供，给予（vt.）Treesa
49、ffordsomeshelterfromthesun.:r匚1;turnon打开turnoff关闭turnout关，熄灭turnup旋大turndown旋小：turnin上交turninto使成为，翻译成turnagainst反对turnover翻转;THcutup切碎cutdown砍倒cutoff中断，切掉：；、，.、;cutsthinhalves/two将某物对半切开have/getoneshaircut某人剪头发r:；pourout倒出pour-into/in把倒进里TOCo1-5hz;putinto把放进里；把变成putaway把收起来；整理好puton穿上putoff推迟，延
50、期putout熄灭putdown放下；记下putup挂起，举起：rrcup（玻璃以外原料制成子；奖杯acupoftea一杯茶theWorldCup世界杯winthecup优胜杯：glass（玻璃制成）杯子aglassofmilk一杯牛奶Hmixup混合；混淆；弄乱Dontmixupthosepiecesofpaper.:1mixwith把和混合Mixthisoilwiththepaintandstirwell.:raddto把加至U上addsomewoodtothestove-I!;addtosth增加某事物addtoourdifficultiesUnit7Howdoyoumakeabanan
51、asmilkshake!addup加起来Addup3,4and5andyoullget12.iadduptosth总计，共达Thenumberaddupto100.|：；ZHatthetopof在顶端，在最上方（范围内，点）上Hisnameisatthetopofthelist.咼居榜首：ontopof在顶上，在上方（范围外ThereisaTVtowerontopofthehill.1onthetopof在上面（面上Thereisabirdonthetopofthehouse.；arecipefor一份的食谱arecipeformakingsalad制作沙拉的食谱asliceof一片inth
53、atsb战胜对方beatateam/anation/anopponentr；二zvjourney长途陆路trip短途短期tour观光游玩travel时长路远foreigntravel;buysbsth=buysthforsbbuysthfromsbsellsbsth=sellsthtosbI1；attheendof在最后；在末端sleeplate睡过头；起得晚III；bytheendof到为止sleepwell睡得香；intheend=finally最后sleepbadly睡得不好gotosleep去睡觉：II1onnextdayoff下一个休息日onlastdayoff上一个休息日TOCo
54、1-5hzr:goforawalk去散步goforaswim去游泳goforaride去骑马（车）：goforadoctor去请医生goforapicnic去野餐!i-：sound（听起来eel（摸起来taste（尝起来look（看起来smell（闻起来+adj.Thatsoundsfun.:sound（听起来eel（摸起来taste（尝起来look（看起来smell（闻起来+like+n.Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.；iV-ing容词：表事物性质、特质,“令人，”“让人”，物作主语或作定语修饰物:|exciting/interesting/moving/surpri
55、sing/pleasing/frighteningThestoryisboring.；V-ed形容词：形容人，表示“感到的”,“使人的”。主语为人1；;excited/interested/moved/surprised/pleased/frightenedImboredwiththebook.:1Ihavefundoingsth=enjoydoingsth=haveagoodtime（in）doingsth有趣做；fun玩笑，娱乐（不可数名词有趣的（形容词funny滑稽的（形容词:Whoisit是谁？（it用来指代双方心目中都明白但仍未弄明白的人或物）-Itsme.是我。TOCo1-5
57、ewshoplastyear.:机器开动Canyoustartthecari出发，动身Wemuststartearly.i；tooto太而不能Heistooyoungtogotoschool.isothat如此以致于Heissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.;=Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.（主从句主语同一|Theboxissolightthatthechildcanliftit.;=Theboxislightenoughforthechildtoliftit.（主从句主不）同ibecomeadoctor=turndoctor（接职业名词ib
58、ecome身体、职位变化，作瞬间动词时指状态变化becomeacomputerengineer.;get多接比较级，指人的感情、身体状况、自然或社会变化Hishealthisgettingbetter.iturn颜色或性质等变化Treesturnyellowinautumn.grow渐渐变成为，生长性变化Myfatherisgrowingold.；go进入不好的状态gobad变坏come进入好的状态cometrue实现IIcalled=named被叫做IhaveafriendcalledJim.callsbname喊某人的名字TOCo1-5hz;Icallsbnames骂人callon
60、o,hear），三让（have,make,let）,四看（see,observe,notice,watch）:r二二r1champion冠车（与get拾配）Shebecameaskatingchampionattheageof10.championship冠军赛（即比赛wonthechampionshiptheWorldWomensVolleyballChampionships世界女子排球锦标赛1Ibewell-knownfor=befamousfor因而著名（众所周知Heisfamous/well-knownforthatnovel.；、bewell-knownas（接身份作为知名，被称作是