春节，是农历新年，是一年之岁首，春节的起源蕴含着深厚的文化内涵，在传承发展中承载了丰厚的历史文化底蕴。以下是小编为大家整理的关于春节的手抄报内容英语，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。（点击对应目录可以直接查阅哦！）
（一）介绍introduce
春节（SpringFestival），即中国农历新年（ChineseNewYear），俗称“新春”“新岁”“岁旦”等，又称“过年”“过大年”，是集除旧布新、拜神祭祖、祈福辟邪、亲朋团圆、欢庆娱乐和饮食为一体的民俗大节。
春节历史悠久，起源于早期人类的原始信仰与自然崇拜，由上古时代岁首祈岁祭祀演变而来。万物本乎天、人本乎祖，祈岁祭祀、敬天法祖，报本反始也。春节的起源蕴含着深邃的文化内涵，在传承发展中承载了丰厚的历史文化底蕴。在春节期间，全国各地均有举行各种庆贺新春活动，带有浓郁的各地地方特色。
百节年为首、四季春为先，春节是中华民族最隆重的传统佳节。受到中华文化的影响，世界上一些国家和地区也有庆贺新春的习俗。据不完全统计，已有近20个国家和地区把中国春节定为整体或者所辖部分城市的法定节假日。春节与清明节、端午节、中秋节并称为中国四大传统节日。
春节民俗经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
TheSpringFestival,alsoknownastheChineseLunarNewYear,commonlyknownas"NewYear","NewYear","NewYearsDay",etc.,alsoknownas"NewYear"or"GreatNewYear",isafolkfestivalthatintegratestheeliminationofoldcustoms,theworshipofgodsandancestors,prayingforblessingsandwardingoffevilspirits,familyandfriendsreunion,celebrationandentertainment,andfood.
TheSpringFestivalhasalonghistory,originatingfromtheprimitivebeliefsandnaturalworshipofearlyhumans,andevolvedfromtheancientageofprayingforthebeginningoftheyearandofferingsacrifices.Allthingsarebasedonheaven,andpeoplearebasedontheirancestors.Weprayforthenewyeartoworshipandhonortheheavensandancestors,andtostartanew.TheoriginoftheSpringFestivalcontainsprofoundculturalconnotationsandcarriesrichhistoricalandculturalheritageinitsinheritanceanddevelopment.DuringtheSpringFestival,variouscelebrationactivitiesareheldthroughoutthecountry,withstronglocalcharacteristics.
Intheearlyeraofobservingandtiming,basedontherotationofthestars,the"DouBingHuiYin"wasusedasthebeginningoftheyear."DouBingHuiYin"returnstotheearthinspring,andallthingsarerenewed,openingupanewcycle.Intraditionalagriculturalsocieties,thebeginningoftheSpringFestivalisofgreatsignificanceandhasgivenrisetoalargenumberofrelatedcustomsandtraditions.Althoughdifferentcalendarswereusedinhistoricaldevelopmentandthedatesoffestivalsatthebeginningoftheyearweredifferent,thefestiveframeworkandmanyfolkcustomshavebeeninherited.Inmoderntimes,peoplesettheSpringFestivalonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth,butgenerallyitdoesnotenduntilthefifteenthdayofthefirstlunarmonth.
TheSpringFestivalisthemostsolemntraditionalfestivaloftheChinesenation,withthehundredfestivalyearsasthefirstandthefourseasonsspringasthefirst.InfluencedbyChineseculture,somecountriesandregionsaroundtheworldalsohavecustomstocelebratetheChineseNewYear.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,nearly20countriesandregionshavedesignatedtheChineseSpringFestivalasalegalholidayforthewholeorsomecitiesundertheirjurisdiction.TheSpringFestival,togetherwiththeTombsweepingDay,theDragonBoatFestivalandtheMid-AutumnFestival,isknownasChinasfourmajortraditionalfestivals.
ThefolkcustomsoftheSpringFestivalhavebeenapprovedbytheStateCounciltobeincludedinthefirstbatchofnationalintangibleculturalheritagelist.
（二）节日起源TheOriginofFestivals
古老传统节日的起源与上古原始信仰、祭祀文化以及星象、历法等人文与自然文化内容有关。据现代人类学、考古学的研究成果，人类最原始的两种信仰：一是天地信仰，二是祖先信仰。古老传统节日多数形成于古人择日祭祀，以谢天地神灵、祖先恩德，以及祈福辟邪的活动。早期的节日文化，反映的是古人自然崇拜、天人合一、慎终追远、固本思源的人文精神；一系列的祭祀活动，则蕴含着祗敬感德、礼乐文明深邃文化内涵。岁首节日的起源与发展涵盖了人文哲学与自然规律等方面内容。
在早期观象授时时代，“斗柄回寅”为春正（岁首），立春乃万物起始、一切更生之义也，意味着新的一岁已开启。“岁”的概念，来自上古历法，“岁”即“摄提”（原始干支），又名为“岁星”、“太岁”。在传承发展中后世将这套多音节的摄提纪元（岁）术语简化为一个字，其与简化后的干支在《尔雅》与《史记》均有对照关系的记载。如：太岁在寅曰摄提格，在卯曰单阏，…在子曰困敦，在丑曰赤奋若（语出《尔雅·释天》）。干支（岁）纪元以北斗星的斗柄指向正东偏北方位的“建寅”之月为起始，然后顺时针方向旋转，循环往复。在传统文化中，干支与方位以及八卦等是联系在一起的，寅位是后天八卦的艮位，是岁终岁首交结的方位，代表终而又始，如《易·说卦传》曰：“艮，东北之卦也，万物之所成终而所成始也。”十二月运行，周而复始，岁末十二月指丑方，正月又复还寅位。斗柄回寅，春回大地，终而复始，万象更新，新岁由此开始
Theoriginofancienttraditionalfestivalsisrelatedtoancientprimitivebeliefs,sacrificialculture,aswellashumanandnaturalculturalcontentsuchasastrologyandcalendar.Accordingtotheresearchresultsofmodernanthropologyandarchaeology,thetwomostprimitivebeliefsofhumansare:thebeliefinheavenandearth,andthebeliefinancestors.Mostancienttraditionalfestivalswereformedbyancientpeoplechoosingadayforworship,toexpressgratitudetothegods,ancestors,andtoprayforblessingsandwardoffevil.Theearlyfestivalculturereflectedthehumanisticspiritofancientpeoplesworshipofnature,unitybetweenheavenandman,cautiouspursuitofthefuture,androotedthinking;Aseriesofsacrificialactivitiescontainprofoundculturalconnotationsofrespect,morality,andritualandmusiccivilization.TheoriginanddevelopmentoftheNewYearsDaycoveraspectssuchashumanisticphilosophyandnaturallaws.
（三）历史发展Historicaldevelopment
中国的星象文化源远流长、博大精深，古人很早开始就探索宇宙的奥秘，并由此演绎出了一套完整深奥的观星文化。北斗七星循环旋转，这斗转星移与时节变化有着密切的关系。北斗七星是北半球（中国位于北半球）的重要星象，斗转星移时北半球黄赤交角其附近相应地域的自然节律亦在渐变，因此成为了人们判断时节变化的依据。“斗柄回寅”大地回春，万象更新，新岁开启。在历史发展演变中，由于朝代更迭、历法变动，岁首（新年）在日期上亦不同。
中国历代的岁首（新年），设定日期并不一致：
上古时代：岁纪摄提，即干支纪元法。北斗七星的斗柄从正东偏北（后天八卦艮位）为起点，顺时针旋转一圈谓之一岁（摄提）。斗指寅为春正（正月），“建正”之月为寅月，立春为岁首。（星辰历）
夏商周：夏历正月在孟春，商历正月在冬十二月，周历正月在冬十一月。（阴历）
秦始皇统一六国后，使用秦历（颛顼历），正月在冬十月。（阴历）
汉朝初期沿用秦历（颛顼历）。到了汉武帝太初元年，即公元前104年，天文学家唐都、落下闳等人制订了《太初历》（又称“八十一分律历”），并吸收了干支历的节气成分作为指导农事的历法补充，将冬季十月一日为岁首改为以春季一月一日为岁首。
汉朝以后，曾有几名皇帝进行过改历改岁首。王莽篡汉后，规定十二月朔日为岁首，是为殷正。魏明帝曹叡也一度改为殷正。武则天称帝后，改国号为“周”，采用周正。此后历代又改用夏正，以一月朔日为岁首。
经历代发展，后人在早期历法基础上逐渐完善为当今使用的夏历。此后中国一直沿用夏历直至今。1970年以后“夏历”改称为“农历”（阴阳合历）。
辛亥革命以后，逐渐改用公历纪年（属阳历的一种，又称格里高利历）。后来为区别夏历和公历两个新年，鉴于夏历一月一日恰在干支历法中表示季节变迁的廿四个特定节令之一的“立春”节气前后，因此便把夏历（农历）一月一日改称为“春节”，公历一月一日改称为“元旦”。
1913年7月（民国二年），袁世凯批准以正月初一为春节，同意春节例行放假，1914年起开始实行。自此，夏历岁首就由以往的“过年”改成了“春节”。
Chinasastrologicalculturehasalongandprofoundhistory,andancientpeoplebegantoexplorethemysteriesoftheuniverseatanearlyage,thusdeducingacompleteandprofoundcultureofstargazing.TherotationoftheBigDipperiscloselyrelatedtoseasonalchanges.TheBigDipperisanimportantcelestialphenomenonintheNorthernHemisphere(ChinaislocatedintheNorthernHemisphere).WhentheBigDippermoves,thenaturalrhythmofthecorrespondingareaneartheyellowdeclinationangleintheNorthernHemispherealsograduallychanges,makingitthebasisforpeopletojudgeseasonalchanges."DouBingHuiYin"bringsspringbacktotheearth,everythingisrenewed,andthenewyearbegins.Inthehistoricaldevelopmentandevolution,duetochangesindynastiesandcalendars,thebeginningoftheyear(NewYear)alsodiffersindate.
ThebeginningoftheChineseNewYear(NewYear)invariousdynastiesisnotsetonthesamedate:
Inancienttimes,theSuijierawasknownastheGanzhieramethod.ThehandleoftheBigDipperstartsfromduenortheast(thepositionofBaguaGeninthedayaftertomorrow)androtatesclockwiseonce,whichiscalledoneyearold(Seti).DouzhiYinisthefirstmonthofspring,themonthofJianzhengistheYinmonth,andthebeginningofspringisthebeginningoftheyear.(Starcalendar)
XiaShangZhou:ThefirstmonthoftheXiacalendarisinMengchun,thefirstmonthoftheShangcalendarisinDecemberofwinter,andthefirstmonthoftheZhoucalendarisinNovemberofwinter.(Lunarcalendar)
Afterunifyingthesixstates,EmperorQinShiHuangusedtheQincalendar(Zhuanxucalendar),withthefirstmonthinthewinterOctober.(Lunarcalendar)
IntheearlyHanDynasty,theQincalendar(Zhuanxucalendar)wasused.InthefirstyearoftheTaichureignofEmperorWuofHan,whichwas104BC,astronomersTangDu,LuoXiahong,andothersformulatedthe"TaichuCalendar"(alsoknownasthe"81stDivisionCalendar")andabsorbedtheseasonalcomponentsoftheGanzhiCalendarasasupplementarycalendartoguideagriculture.TheychangedthestartoftheyearfromOctober1stinwintertoJanuary1stinspring.
AftertheHanDynasty,severalemperorschangedthecalendarandthebeginningoftheyear.AfterWangMangusurpedtheHanDynasty,heestablishedthenewmoonofDecemberasthebeginningoftheyear,whichwascalledYinZheng.EmperorWeiMing,CaoRui,wasalsotemporarilychangedtoYinZheng.AfterEmpressWuZetianproclaimedherselfemperor,shechangedthecountrysnameto"Zhou"andadoptedZhouZheng.Afterwards,throughouthistory,XiaZhengwasusedagain,withthenewmoonofthefirstmonthasthebeginningoftheyear.
Throughgenerationsofdevelopment,latergenerationsgraduallyimprovedtheearlycalendarintothesummercalendarusedtoday.Sincethen,Chinahascontinuedtousethesummercalendaruntiltoday.After1970,the"summercalendar"wasrenamedasthe"lunarcalendar"(YinYangcombinedcalendar).
AftertheXinhaiRevolution,theGregoriancalendar(atypeofsolarcalendar,alsoknownastheGregoriancalendar)wasgraduallyadoptedforchronologicalpurposes.Later,inordertodistinguishbetweenthetwonewyearsintheXiaandGregoriancalendars,consideringthatthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthfallsbeforeandafterthe"LiChun"solarterm,oneofthetwenty-fourspecificseasonalchangesintheGanZhicalendars,thefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthwasrenamed"SpringFestival"andthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthwasrenamed"NewYearsDay".
InJuly1913(thesecondyearoftheRepublicofChina),YuanShikaiapprovedtheuseofthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthastheSpringFestivalandagreedtoaregularholidayfortheSpringFestival.Itbegantobeimplementedin1914.Sincethen,thebeginningofthesummercalendarhaschangedfromtheprevious"ChineseNewYear"to"SpringFestival".
名称变革Namechange
现在农历的“正月初一”，历史上称为元朔、元日、新元、元旦、正日、元辰、新正等。现在过的农历正月初一“春节”这一节日名称，古代是没有的（古时一般称为过年、年节），是民国政府创造的。“春节”这一概念是在民国时期逐渐被提起。民国时期，公历被引进，而农历成为了进行农事的标准。1914年民国政府在内务部呈文中提到“拟请定阴历元旦为春节”。故，春节这一说法才逐渐流传开来。
辛亥革命后，1912年中华民国北洋政府时期采用公历，但用“民国”纪年，1月1日为公历岁首；1914年起把夏历正月初一（即农历正月初一）作“春节”，视为农历年的开始，即为岁首。
1949年9月27日，中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议决定采用“公元纪年法”，将公历1月1日称为“元旦”，夏历正月初一仍称“春节”。
在英语国家，一直被称作“Chinesenewyear”，有时简称CNY，或者SpringFestival。ThefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthinthelunarcalendarishistoricallyknownasYuanshuo,Yuanri,Xinyuan,NewYearsDay,Zhengri,Yuanchen,Xinzheng,etc.Thename"SpringFestival",whichiscelebratedonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth,didnotexistinancienttimes(usuallyreferredtoas"NewYear"or"NewYearsFestival"inancienttimes)andwascreatedbythegovernmentoftheRepublicofChina.Theconceptof"SpringFestival"wasgraduallyintroducedduringtheRepublicofChinaperiod.DuringtheRepublicofChinaperiod,theGregoriancalendarwasintroduced,andthelunarcalendarbecamethestandardforfarming.In1914,thegovernmentoftheRepublicofChinaproposedinadocumentsubmittedbytheMinistryofInternalAffairstodesignatetheLunarNewYearsDayastheSpringFestival.Therefore,thesayingofSpringFestivalgraduallyspread.
AftertheXinhaiRevolution,in1912,duringtheBeiyanggovernmentperiodoftheRepublicofChina,theGregoriancalendarwasadopted,butthe"RepublicofChina"wasusedtorecordtheyear,withJanuary1stasthebeginningoftheGregoriancalendar;Startingfrom1914,thefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthintheXiacalendar(alsoknownasthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth)wasreferredtoasthe"SpringFestival"andregardedasthebeginningofthelunaryear,whichisthebeginningoftheyear.
OnSeptember27,1949,thefirstplenarysessionoftheChinesePeoplesPoliticalConsultativeConferencedecidedtoadoptthe"ADchronology",referringtoJanuary1intheGregoriancalendaras"NewYearsDay"andthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthintheXiacalendaras"SpringFestival".
InEnglishspeakingcountries,ithasalwaysbeenreferredtoas"Chinesenewyear",sometimesabbreviatedasCNY,orSpringFestival.
内容发展Contentdevelopment
远古的天皇时代，已有干支历法及岁时的雏形。据《盘古王表》与《三命通会》等记载：“天皇始制干支之名以定岁之所在”。十天干曰：阏逢、旃蒙、柔兆、强圉、著雍、屠维、上章、重光、玄黓、昭阳；十二地支曰：摄提格、单阏、执徐、大荒落、敦牂、协洽、涒滩、作噩、阉茂、大渊献、困顿、赤奋若。天皇氏的这一发明影响深远，后世用于历法、术数、计算、命名等各方面（北宋时编撰的官方正史著作《资治通鉴》就是以这套干支术语纪年）。
在秦汉以前，南北各地风俗时历不同，一些地方岁首礼俗所重的不是阴历正月朔日，而是干支历廿四节气的立春。作为传统的农耕社会，古人相当重视春回大地、万物更生的立春岁首，立春岁首对于传统农耕社会来说，具有重要的意义。先秦时期中国一些地方传承着在立春岁首拜神祭祖、祈岁纳福、驱邪攘灾、除旧布新等为主题的节庆活动，这一系列的节庆活动不仅构成了后世岁首节庆的雏型框架，而且它的`民俗功能也一直遗存至今。
汉代是中国统一后第一个大发展时期，南北的经济文化交流使风俗习惯也互相融合，这对节日习俗的传播普及提供了良好的社会条件，此后在文献上渐出现了岁首祭祀的记载。如东汉崔寔《四民月令》中提到，“正月之旦，是谓正日。躬率妻孥，絜祀祖祢。”过新年的习俗活动在全国民间越来越广泛，也越来越丰富了。
魏晋时，出现了除夕守岁习俗的文字记载。如晋朝周处所著的《风土记》中记载：除夕之夜大家各相与赠送，称“馈岁”；长幼聚欢，祝颂完备，称“分岁”；终岁不眠，以待天明，称“守岁”。
唐代时，人们除登门拜年，还发明一种“拜年帖”。唐太宗李世民用赤金箔做成贺卡，御书“普天同庆”，赐予大臣。这一形式迅速在民间普及，改用梅花笺纸。当时这种“拜年帖”被称为“飞帖”。
宋代时民间开始普遍用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成串做成“编炮”（即鞭炮）。除夕、春节放爆竹之俗便逐渐盛行。《东京梦华录》说：“是夜，禁中爆竹山呼，闻声于外。”
明代，接灶神、贴门神、除夕守岁、十五赏灯会已经盛行。《万历嘉兴府志》中记载：“除夕，易门神、桃符、春帖，井隈皆封。爆竹，燔紫，设酒果聚饮，锣鼓彻夜，谓之守岁。”
清代非常重视过年，宫廷过年十分奢华，皇帝有写福字下赐群臣的习俗。过年要一直延续至元宵佳节才算结束，猜灯谜是甚为流行的取乐方式。
辛亥革命带来了全新的时代，政府提倡新历。礼仪上，把以前跪拜或者作揖等礼节全部废除，改成脱帽、鞠躬、握手、鼓掌等新礼节，逐渐成为中国人际交往的文明仪式。
IntheancienteraoftheEmperor,therewasalreadyaprototypeoftheGanzhicalendarandtheage.Accordingtorecordssuchas"PanguWangBiao"and"SanMingTongHui","theemperorfirstestablishedthenameofthestemandbranchtodeterminethelocationoftheyear.".TheTenHeavenlyStemssaid:EFeng,ZhanMeng,RouZhao,QiangYu,ZhuYong,TuWei,ShangZhang,ChongGuang,XuanXuan,andZhaoYang;TheTwelveEarthlyBranchesare:Shetige,Dane,Zhixu,Dahuanglu,Dunzang,Xieqia,Kutan,ZuoOu,ZhiMao,DaYuanXian,Quandun,andChiFenruo.TheinventionoftheEmperorhadaprofoundimpactandwaslaterusedinvariousaspectssuchascalendar,numerology,calculation,andnaming(theofficialhistoricalwork"ZizhiTongjian"compiledduringtheNorthernSongDynastyusedthissetofGanzhiterminologytorecordtheyears).
Intheancienteraofobservingandtiming,theagriculturalcyclewasthecelebrationcycle,andsomesolartermswerealsofestivals.Theannualfestival,whichisthebeginningandending,updateseverything,andbringsspringbacktotheearth,isthetopofthehundredfestivals,givingrisetoalargenumberofrelatedfestivalcustomsandculture.TheSpringFestivalhasalonghistoryandoriginatedfromtheprimitivebeliefsandnaturalworshipofearlyhumans.Itevolvedfromtheancientageofprayingforthenewyearatthebeginningoftheyearandisrelatedtoastrology,calendar,weather,andsacrificialculture.
BeforetheQinandHandynasties,thecustomsandcalendarsindifferentregionsofthenorthandsouthweredifferent.Insomeplaces,theemphasisonthebeginningoftheyearwasnotonthefirstlunarmonthandthenewmoon,butonthebeginningofspringinthe24solartermsofthestemandbranchcalendars.Asatraditionalagriculturalsociety,ancientpeopleattachedgreatimportancetothebeginningoftheSpringFestival,whichsymbolizesthereturnofspringtotheearthandtherebirthofallthings.Fortraditionalagriculturalsocieties,thebeginningoftheSpringFestivalisofgreatsignificance.DuringthepreQinperiod,somepartsofChinainheritedfestiveactivitieswiththemessuchasworshippinggodsandancestors,prayingforblessings,wardingoffevilandeliminatingdisasters,andcarryingoutrenovationatthebeginningoftheSpringFestival.Thisseriesoffestiveactivitiesnotonlyformedtheprototypeframeworkoflaterfestiveactivities,butalsotheirfolkfunctionshavebeenpreservedtothisday.
TheHanDynastywasthefirstperiodofgreatdevelopmentafterthereunificationofChina.Theeconomicandculturalexchangesbetweenthenorthandsouthalsointegratedcustoms,providinggoodsocialconditionsforthedisseminationandpopularizationoffestivalcustoms.Sincethen,recordsoftheannualritualhavegraduallyappearedinliterature.AsmentionedinCuiShis"FourPeoplesMonthlyRegulations"oftheEasternHanDynasty,"ThedayofthefirstlunarmonthiscalledtheZhengri.Heleadshiswifeandchildrentoworshiphisancestors."ThecustomsandactivitiesofcelebratingtheNewYeararebecomingincreasinglywidespreadanddiverseamongthepeoplethroughoutthecountry.
DuringtheWeiandJindynasties,therewerewrittenrecordsofthecustomofobservingtheNewYearsEve.Asrecordedinthe"FengtuJi"writtenbyZhouChuoftheJinDynasty,onNewYearsEve,everyonepresentedgiftstoeachother,knownas"givingbacktheyear";Joyfulgatheringsfromallages,completeblessings,knownas"dividingtheyears";Stayingawakeallyearround,waitingfordawn,iscalled"Shousui".
IntheTangDynasty,peoplenotonlyvisitedthedoortopayrespectstotheNewYear,butalsoinventedatypeof"NewYeargreetingcard".EmperorTaizongofTang,LiShimin,usedredgoldfoiltomakegreetingcardsandwrote"CelebrationforAll"tobestowuponministers.Thisformquicklybecamepopularamongthepeople,andplumblossompaperwasusedinstead.Atthattime,thiskindof"NewYeargreetingcard"wascalleda"flyingcard".
DuringtheSongDynasty,itwascommonforpeopletousepapertubesandhempstalkswrappedingunpowdertoweaveintostringsandmake"firecrackers"(i.e.firecrackers).ThecustomofsettingofffirecrackersonNewYearsEveandSpringFestivalgraduallybecamepopular."Atnight,thesoundoffirecrackersisheardoutsidetheForbiddenCity,"saidthe"DreamofTokyo"
IntheMingDynasty,welcomingtheKitchenGod,stickingtotheDoorGod,observingtheNewYearsEve,andcelebratingthe15thLanternFestivalwerealreadypopular.Accordingtothe"AnnalsofJiaxingPrefectureinWanli","OnNewYearsEve,thedoorgods,peachcharms,andspringcoupletswerechanged,andthewellandpondwereallsealed.Firecrackerswereusedtoburnpurple,wineandfruitweregatheredfordrinking,anddrumsandgongswereusedthroughoutthenight,whichiscalled"Shousui"."
TheQingDynastyattachedgreatimportancetocelebratingtheChineseNewYear,andtheimperialcourtcelebrateditwithgreatluxury.Theemperorhadthecustomofwritingblessingsandbestowingthemuponhiscourtiers.TheSpringFestivalisnotoveruntiltheYuanxiao(Filledroundballsmadeofglutinousrice-flourforLanternFestival).Guessinglanternriddlesisapopularwaytohavefun.
TheXinhaiRevolutionbroughtanewera,andthegovernmentadvocatedforanewcalendar.Intermsofetiquette,thepreviousetiquetteofkneelingorbowinghasbeencompletelyabolishedandreplacedwithnewetiquettesuchastakingoffoneshat,bowing,shakinghands,andapplauding,graduallybecomingacivilizedritualinChineseinterpersonalcommunication.
（四）年夜饭介绍
年夜饭，是春节习俗之一，又称年晚饭、团年饭、团圆饭等，特指年尾除夕的阖家聚餐。年夜饭源于古代的年终祭祀仪，拜祭神灵与祖先后团圆聚餐。年夜饭是年前的重头戏，不但丰富多彩，而且很讲究寓意。吃团年饭前先拜神祭祖，待拜祭仪式完毕后才开饭。席上一般有鸡(寓意有计)、鱼(寓意年年有余)、蚝豉(寓意好市)、发菜(寓意发财)、腐竹(寓意富足)、莲藕(寓意聪明)、生菜(寓意生财)、生蒜(寓意会计算)、腊肠(寓意长长久久)等以求吉利。中国人的年夜饭是家人的团圆聚餐，这顿是年尾最丰盛、最重要的一顿晚餐。
NewYearsEvedinnerisoneofthecustomsoftheSpringFestival,alsoknownastheNewYeardinner,reuniondinner,reuniondinner,especiallythefamilyreuniondinnerattheendoftheNewYearsEve.NewYearsEvedinneroriginatedfromtheancientyear-endritual,worshipgods.
NewYearsEvedinnerisamajoreventoftheyearbefore,notonlyrichandcolorful,butalsoverymoral.BeforetheLunarNewYearsdinner,worshipgodsandworshipancestors,andwaituntiltheworshipceremonyiscompletedbeforethemealisserved.
Therearechicken,fish,oystersauce,vegetable,lotusroot,lettuce,garlicandsausageforgoodfortune.ChineseNewYearsEvedinnerisafamilyreuniondinner,whichisthemostabundantandimportantdinnerattheendoftheyear.
（五）春节的意义ThesignificanceoftheSpringFestival
1.传统文化的传承InheritanceofTraditionalCulture
大家过春节，其实是对中国传统文化的传承，因为春节并不是近代才有的节日，从古代就有，是当时是舜继王位之后，带领民众进行祭拜天地的时候，慢慢演变而来的，因此从古至今就有这样春节这样一个传统的节日。到了今天，大家在一起过春节，其实也是将古代传承下来的这种传统文化进行传承。
EveryonecelebratingtheSpringFestivalisactuallyaninheritanceoftraditionalChineseculture,becausetheSpringFestivalisnotafestivalthatonlyexistedinmoderntimes.IthasexistedsinceancienttimesandevolvedfromthetimewhenShun,followingthethrone,ledthepeopletoworshipheavenandearth.Therefore,therehasbeenatraditionalfestivalliketheSpringFestivalfromancienttimestothepresent.Today,whenwecelebratetheSpringFestivaltogether,weareactuallyinheritingthetraditionalculturepasseddownfromancienttimes
2.代表阖家团圆Representingfamilyreunion
春节是定在每年腊月的30日，这一天过后，就是告别旧的一年，迎来新的一年了。所以这天不仅是春节，也是全家团圆的日子，在外求学或者是工作的人都会回到自己的家乡，回到自己的家庭，与家人们一起来吃上一个团圆饭。所以春节对于很多人来说，是代表着阖家团圆的日子，所以大家对春节是非常期待的。TheSpringFestivalisscheduledonthe30thdayofthetwelfthlunarmontheachyear.Afterthisday,itistimetobidfarewelltotheoldyearandwelcomeanewone.SothisdayisnotonlytheSpringFestival,butalsoadayforfamilyreunion.Peoplewhostudyorworkoutsidewillreturntotheirhometowns,returntotheirfamilies,andhaveareuniondinnerwiththeirfamilies.Soformanypeople,theSpringFestivalrepresentsadayoffamilyreunion,soeveryoneisverylookingforwardtotheSpringFestival.
3.祈求幸福Prayforhappiness
在春节很多地区都会有祭拜神灵，祭拜祖先的这样的传统祭拜习俗，是希望得到祖先神灵，天帝的保佑，在新的一年了能够家庭幸福，生活美满，事业有成，阖家团圆，是对新年的一种期望，以及对新年的一种祈祷，充满着非常美好的希望。InmanyregionsduringtheSpringFestival,thereisatraditionalworshipcustomofworshippinggodsandancestors.Itishopedtoreceivetheblessingsoftheancestors,gods,andtheHeavenlyEmperor,sothatinthenewyear,onecanhaveahappyfamily,ahappylife,successfulcareer,andafamilyreunion.ItisanexpectationfortheNewYearandaprayerfortheNewYear,fullofverybeautifulhope.
4.欢腾庆祝Celebratingwithjoy
春节是中国的传统节日，是非常重要的一个节日，所以在春节的时候，举国欢庆，所有的商家，还有各个地方都会挂上红灯笼，或者贴上春联，然后还会举办各种民俗活动，比如会举办一些灯会，或者会舞龙等等民俗活动庆祝这样的节日，这也是体现了中国的繁荣昌盛，国泰民安。
TheSpringFestivalisatraditionalChinesefestivalandaveryimportantone.Therefore,duringtheSpringFestival,thewholecountrycelebrates,andallbusinessesandplaceswillhangredlanternsorpasteSpringFestivalcouplets.Variousfolkactivitieswillalsobeheld,suchaslanternfestivalsordragondances,tocelebratesuchfestivals.ThisalsoreflectsChinasprosperity,nationalpeaceandsecurity.
一、春节的来历TheOriginofSpringFestival
春节和年的概念，最初的含意来自农业，古时人们把谷的生长周期称为“年”，《说文。禾部》：“年，谷熟也：。在夏商时代产生了夏历，以月亮圆缺的周期为月，一年划分为十二个月，每月以不见月亮的那天为朔，正月朔日的子时称为岁首，即一年的开始，也叫年，年的名称是从周朝开始的，自西汉以来，春节的习俗一直延续到今天。春节一般指除夕和正月初一。但在民间，传统意义上的春节是指从腊月初八的腊祭或腊月二十三或二十四的祭灶，一直到正月十五，其中以除夕和正月初一为高潮。如何过庆贺这个节日，在千百年的`历史发展中，形成了一些较为固定的风俗习惯，有许多还相传至今。
在春节这一传统节日期间，我国的汉族和大多数少数民族都有要举行各种庆祝活动，这些活动大多以祭祀神佛、祭奠祖先、除旧布新、迎禧接福、祈求丰年为主要内容。活动形式丰富多彩，带有浓郁的民族特色。2006年5月20日，“春节”民俗经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
1949年9月27日，新中国成立，在中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议上，通过了使用世界上通用的公历纪元，把公历的元月一日定为元旦，俗称阳历年；农历正月初一通常都在立春前后，因而把农历正月初一定为“春节”，俗称阴历年。
TheSpringFestival,alsoknownastheChineseNewYear,isthebeginningofthelunarcalendar.Itisthemostgrand,lively,andimportantancienttraditionalfestivalinChina,andisalsoauniquefestivalfortheChinesepeople.ItisthemostconcentratedexpressionofChinesecivilization.ThehistoryoftheSpringFestivalisverylong.ItoriginatedfromtheworshipofgodsandancestorsatthebeginningandendoftheyearintheYinandShangdynasties.AccordingtotheChineselunarcalendar,thefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthwasformerlyknownasYuanri,Yuanchen,Yuanzheng,Yuanshuo,NewYearsDay,etc.,commonlyknownasNianChuyi.IntheRepublicanera,theGregoriancalendarwasadopted,andthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthwascalledNewYearsDay,whilethefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthwascalledSpringFestival.
DuringthetraditionalChineseNewYearholiday,theHanandmostethnicminoritiesinChinaholdvariouscelebrationactivities,mostofwhichfocusonworshippinggodsandBuddhas,payinghomagetoancestors,demolishingtheoldandrenovatingthenew,welcomingjubileesandblessings,andprayingforabountifulyear.Theactivitiesarediverseandhavestrongethniccharacteristics.OnMay20,2006,thefolkcustomsoftheSpringFestivalwereapprovedbytheStateCounciltobeincludedinthefirstbatchofnationalintangibleculturalheritagelist.
OnSeptember27,1949,thePeoplesRepublicofChinawasestablished.AtthefirstplenarysessionoftheChinesePeoplesPoliticalConsultativeConference,theuniversalGregoriancalendarerawasadopted,andthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthwasdesignatedasNewYearsDay,commonlyknownastheGregorianyear;Thefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthisusuallyaroundthebeginningofspring,sothefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthisalwaysreferredtoasthe"SpringFestival",commonlyknownasthelunaryear.
二、春节的传说TheLegendofSpringFestival
有一年，世上大乱。玉帝得知后，降下御旨：要派一位大神去管理人间的衣食住行。可是，没有神仙肯接旨。
这时候，南天门外传来一声吆喝：“这差事我干啦!”抬头看时，是光头顶、胖乎乎、笑哈哈的弥勒佛。却说这弥勒佛来到人间，第一件事就是让人们过一个痛快年，吃好的，穿好的，不干活。他还要大家把各路神仙都请到，香箔纸锞，准备齐全。到了初一，家家都要起五更，放鞭炮。
这样又过了几天，到了初五，天刚蒙蒙亮，忽然传来一阵吵闹声。吵闹者是姜太公的老婆(专管茅房、粪土的脏神)，正在跟弥勒佛吵架呢。原来，人们请神仙时把她给忘了。弥勒佛只好说：“这样吧!今儿是初五，让人们再为你放几个炮，包一次饺子，破费一次吧!”——这就是“破五”的来历。
不想这几声炮响传到天宫，玉帝以为人间又出了什么事，便派财神去察看。财神来到人间一看，到处都是香箔纸锞，高兴得就忘了回去。
玉帝等啊等，财神还是没有回来，便亲自到人间察看。他一看，人们啥活都不干，非常生气，召来弥勒佛喝道：“你怎么尽让人们吃好的，穿好的，不干活”
弥勒佛笑嘻嘻地说：“你要我管人们的衣食住行，可并没有叫我让人们干活呀!”玉帝一想，也对，既然已经这么办了，那一年只能有此一次，开春以后就要下地干活。
从那以后便留下了旧例，一年有一次春节。
Oneyear,therewasagreatchaosintheworld.Afterlearningaboutit,theJadeEmperorissuedanimperialdecree:tosendagreatdeitytomanagetheclothing,food,housing,andtransportationofthehumanworld.However,nodeityiswillingtotakeorders.
Atthismoment,ashoutcamefromoutsidetheSouthHeavenlyGate:"Ivedonethisjob!"WhenIlookedup,itwasMaitreyaBuddhawithabaldhead,chubby,andlaughingface.ButitissaidthatthefirstthingMaitreyaBuddhadidwhenhecametothisworldwastoletpeoplecelebrateahappyyear,eatingwell,dressingwell,andnotworking.Healsowantseveryonetoinvitealltheimmortalsandpreparethemthoroughly.Onthefirstdayofjuniorhighschool,everyfamilyhastowakeupatfiveoclockandsetofffirecrackers.
Afewmoredayspassed,andonthefifthdayofthelunarnewyear,justasitwasgettingdark,aloudnoisesuddenlycamefromthesky.ThenoisypersonisJiangTaigongswife(thedirtygodinchargeofthatchedhousesandmanure),whoisarguingwithMaitreyaBuddha.Originally,peopleforgotaboutthedeitywhentheyinvitedher.MaitreyaBuddhahadnochoicebuttosay,"Well,todayisthefifthdayofthelunarcalendar.Letpeoplesetoffafewmorecannonsforyou,makedumplingsonce,andspendalotofmoneyonit!"-Thisistheoriginof"breakingthefifthday".
IdidntwantthesefewgunshotstoreachtheHeavenlyPalace.TheJadeEmperorthoughtsomethingwashappeningintheworldagain,sohesenttheGodofWealthtoinvestigate.WhentheGodofWealthcametothehumanworld,hesawincenseleafrhymeseverywhere,sohappythatheforgottogoback.
TheJadeEmperorwaitedandwaited,buttheGodofWealthhadnotreturnedyet,sohepersonallywenttothehumanworldtoobserve.Hesawthatpeopledidntdoanyworkandbecameveryangry.HesummonedMaitreyaBuddhaandshouted,"Howcanyoumakepeopleeatwell,dresswell,andnotwork"
MaitreyaBuddhasmiledandsaid,"Youaskedmetomanagepeoplesclothing,food,housing,andtransportation,butyoudidntaskmetoletthemwork!"Uponreflection,theJadeEmperorwasright.SinceIhadalreadydoneso,Icouldonlydoitonceayear.Afterspring,Ihadtogodowntowork.
Sincethen,theoldpracticeofhavingaSpringFestivalonceayearhasbeenfollowed.
春节传说之一：熬年守岁
守岁，就是在旧年的最后一天夜里不睡觉，熬夜迎接新一年到来的习俗，也叫除夕守岁，俗名“熬年”。
算准了“年”肆虐的日期，百姓们便把这可怕的一夜视为关口来煞，称作“年关”，并且想出了一整套过年关的办法：每到这一天晚上，每家每户都提前做好晚饭，熄火净灶，再把鸡圈牛栏全部拴牢，把宅院的前后门都封住，躲在屋里吃“年夜饭”，由于这顿晚餐具有凶吉未卜的意味，所以置办得很丰盛，除了要全家老小围在一起用餐表示和睦团圆外，还须在吃饭前先供祭祖先，祈求平安地度过这一夜，吃过晚饭后，谁都不敢睡觉，挤坐在一起闲聊壮胆，这就逐渐形成了除夕熬年守岁的习惯。守岁习俗兴起于南北朝，梁朝的不少文人都有守岁的诗文。“一夜连双岁，五更分二年。”人们点起蜡烛或油灯，通宵守夜，象征着把一切邪瘟病疫赶跑驱走，期待着新的一年吉祥如意，这种风俗被人们流传至今。
OneofthelegendsoftheSpringFestival:stayingupuntiltheendoftheyeartoobservethenewyear
Shousui,alsoknownasNewYearsEveShousui,isacustomofstayinguplatetowelcomethearrivalofthenewyearwithoutsleepingonthelastnightoftheoldyear.
Exploringtheoriginofthiscustom,thereisaninterestingstorycirculatingamongthepeople:duringtheancienttimes,therewasafiercemonsterthatscatteredinthedeepmountainsandforests,andpeoplecalledthem"years".Itisferociousinappearanceandferociousinnature.Itspecializesineatingbirdsandbeasts,scaleinsects.Itchangesitstasteeveryday,fromkowtowinginsectstolivingpeople,whichmakespeopleturnpalewhentalkingabout"Nian".Lateron,peoplegraduallymasteredtheactivitypatternof"Nian".Itwenttocrowdedplacesevery365daystotastefreshfood,andappearedafterdark.Whentheroosterscrowed,theyreturnedtothemountainsandforests.
春节传说之二：万年创建历法说
有一次，祖乙去了解万年测试历法的进展情况。当他登上日月坛时，看见天坛边的石壁上刻着一首诗：
日出日落三百六，周而复始从头来。
草木枯荣分四时，一岁月有十二圆。
知道万年创建历法已成，祖乙亲自登上日月阁看望万年。万年指着天象，对祖乙说：“现在正是十二个月满，旧岁已完，新春复始，祈请国君定个节吧”。祖乙说：“春为岁首，就叫春节吧”。据说这就是春节的来历。冬去春来，年复一年，万年经过长期观察，精心推算，制定出了准确的太阳历，当他把太阳历呈奉给继任的国君时，已是满面银须。国君深为感动，为纪念万年的功绩，便将太阳历命名为“万年历”，封万年为日月寿星。以后，人们在过年时挂上寿星图，据说就是为了纪念德高望重的万年。
LegendoftheSpringFestivalII:TheTheoryofCreatingaCalendarforTenThousandYears
Accordingtolegend,inancienttimes,therewasayoungmannamedWanNianwhosawthatthefestivalswereverychaoticatthattime,sohehadaplantosetthefestivalsaccurately.Butstrugglingtofindawaytocalculatethetime,onedayhewastiredfromchoppingfirewoodonthemountainandsittingintheshadeofatreetorest.Themovementofthetreeshadowinspiredhim,andhedesignedasundialtomeasurethetimeoftheday.Later,thedrippingspringonthecliffinspiredhim,andhealsomadeafivelayerleakypottocalculatethetime.Overtime,hediscoveredthatevery360orsodays,thefourseasonscycleandthedurationofthedayrepeatsitself.
Atthattime,therulersnamewasZuyi,andheoftenfeltdistressedbytheunpredictableweather.Afterlearningaboutitforthousandsofyears,hebroughtasundialandateapottotheemperorandexplainedtoZuYitheprinciplesofthemovementofthesunandmoon.Uponhearingthis,ZuYiwasgreatlypleasedwithLongYanandfeltthatitmadesense.Soheleftbehindforthousandsofyears,builttheSunandMoonPavilioninfrontoftheTempleofHeaven,builtasundialplatformandaleakingteapotpavilion,andhopedtoaccuratelymeasurethelawsofthesunandmoon,calculatetheaccuratemorningandeveningtime,createacalendar,andbenefitthepeopleoftheworld.
Once,ZuyiwenttolearnabouttheprogressoftheTenThousandYearTestCalendar.WhenheclimbedontotheSunandMoonAltar,hesawapoemengravedonthestonewallnexttotheTempleofHeaven:
Thesunrisesandsetsinacycleof36,startingfromscratch.
Plantswitherandflourishinfourseasons,andoneyearhastwelvecircles.
Knowingthatthecalendarhasbeenestablishedfortenthousandyears,ZuYipersonallyclimbeduptotheSunMoonPaviliontovisittenthousandyears.WanNianpointedtothecelestialphenomenaandsaidtoZuYi,"Nowitistwelvemonthsold,theoldyearisover,andthenewyearisbeginningagain.Ipraytotherulertosetafestival.".ZuYisaid,"Springisthebeginningoftheyear,letscallitSpringFestival.".ItissaidthatthisistheoriginoftheSpringFestival.Winterhaspassedandspringhasarrived,yearafteryear.Throughlong-termobservationandcarefulcalculation,anaccuratesolarcalendarhasbeenformulated.Whenhepresentedthesolarcalendartohissuccessor,itwasalreadycoveredinsilverwhiskers.Themonarchwasdeeplymovedandnamedthesolarcalendar"EternalCalendar"tocommemoratetheachievementsoftenthousandyears,andconferredthetitleof"Sun,Moon,andLongevityStar"ontenthousandyears.Inthefuture,peoplewillhanglongevitychartsduringtheChineseNewYear,whicharesaidtobeinmemoryoftheesteemed10000years.
春节传说之三：贴春联和门神
据说贴春联的习俗，大约始于一千多年前的后蜀时期，这是有史为证的。此外根据《玉烛宝典》，《燕京岁时记》等著作记载，春联的原始形式就是人们所说的“桃符”。
在中国古代神话中，相传有一个鬼域的世界，当中有座山，山上有一棵覆盖三千里的大桃树，树梢上有一只金鸡。每当清晨金鸡长鸣的时候，夜晚出去游荡的鬼魂必赶回鬼域。鬼域的大门坐落在桃树的东北，门边站着两个神人，名叫神荼、郁垒。如果鬼魂在夜间干了伤天害理的事情，神荼、郁垒就会立即发现并将它捉住，用芒苇做的绳子把它捆起来，送去喂虎。因而天下的鬼都畏惧神荼、郁垒。于是民间就用桃木刻成他们的模样，放在自家门口，以避邪防害。后来，人们干脆在桃木板上刻上神荼、郁垒的名字，认为这样做同样可以镇邪去恶。这种桃木板后来就被叫做“桃符”。
到了宋代，人们便开始在桃木板上写对联，一则不失桃木镇邪的意义，二则表达自己美好心愿，三则装饰门户，以求美观。又在象征喜气吉祥的红纸上写对联，新春之际贴在门窗两边，用以表达人们祈求来年福运的美好心愿。
LegendoftheSpringFestival:PostingSpringFestivalcoupletsanddoorgods
ItissaidthatthecustomofpastingSpringFestivalcoupletsbeganaboutathousandyearsagoduringtheLaterShuperiod,asevidencedbyhistory.Inaddition,accordingtoworkssuchas"YuzhuBaodian"and"YanjingSuishiJi",theoriginalformofSpringFestivalcoupletsiswhatpeoplecall"Taofu".
InancientChinesemythology,itissaidthattherewasaworldofghosts,inwhichtherewasamountainwithalargepeachtreecoveringthreethousandmilesandagoldenroosteratthetop.Wheneverthegoldenroostercrowsinthemorning,theghoststhatwanderoutatnightwillrushbacktotheghostrealm.ThegateoftheGhostRealmislocatedinthenortheastofthepeachtree,withtwodivinefiguresstandingbythedoor,namedShentuandYulei.Ifaghostdoessomethingheinousatnight,ShenTuandYuLeiwillimmediatelynoticeandcatchit,tieitupwitharopemadeofreeds,andsendittofeedthetiger.Therefore,allghostsintheworldfearShentuandYulei.Sothepeopleusedpeachwoodtocarvetheirappearanceandplaceditattheirdoorsteptowardoffevilandpreventharm.Later,peoplesimplycarvedthenamesofShentuandYuleionpeachwoodboards,believingthatdoingsocouldalsosuppressevilandeliminateevil.Thistypeofpeachboardwaslatercalled"peachtalisman".
IntheSongDynasty,peoplebegantowritecoupletsonpeachwoodboards.Firstly,theydidnotlosethesignificanceofpeachwoodtowardoffevil,secondly,theyexpressedtheirbeautifulwishes,andthirdly,theydecoratedthedoorsforaesthetics.Writecoupletsonredpapersymbolizinggoodluckandgoodluck,andstickthemonbothsidesofdoorsandwindowsduringtheChineseNewYeartoexpresspeoplesbeautifulwishesforgoodluckinthecomingyear.
（一）民俗类别Folkcategories
传统节日仪式与习俗活动，是节日元素的重要内容，承载着丰富多彩的节日文化底蕴。岁节`（年节）是中国一个古老的节日，也是全年最重要的一个节日，在历史发展中，杂糅了多地多种民俗为一体，形成了一些较为固定的风俗习惯，有许多还相传至今。这些活动，可大体归纳为如下几个方面：奉祀神灵，以应天时；崇宗敬祖，维护亲情；驱邪祛恶，以求平安；休闲娱乐，放松心情。百节年为首，春节是中华民族最隆重的传统佳节，它不仅集中体现了中华民族的思想信仰、理想愿望、生活娱乐和文化心理，而且还是祈福攘灾、饮食和娱乐活动的狂欢式展示。
在春节期间，全国各地均有举行各种贺岁活动，各地因地域文化不同而又存在着习俗内容或细节上的差异，带有浓郁的各地域特色。春节期间的庆祝活动极为丰富多样，有舞狮、飘色、舞龙、游神、庙会、逛花街、赏花灯、游锣鼓、游标旗、烧烟花、祈福、掼春，也有踩高跷、跑旱船、扭秧歌等等。春节期间贴年红、守岁、吃团年饭、拜年等各地皆有之，但因风土人情的不同，细微处又各有其特色。春节民俗形式多样、内容丰富，是中华民族的生活文化精粹的集中展示。春节各种民俗仪式中经常看到祭神的内容。
春节是除旧布新的日子，春节虽定在农历正月初一，但春节的活动却并不止于正月初一这天。从年尾小年起，人们便开始“忙年”：祭灶、扫尘、购置年货、贴年红、洗头沐浴、张灯结彩等等，所有这些活动，有一个共同的主题，即“辞旧迎新”。春节是个欢乐祥和、合家团圆的节日，也是人们抒发对幸福和自由向往的狂欢节和永远的精神支柱。春节也是敦亲祀祖、祭祝祈年的日子。祭祀是一种信仰活动，是人类在远古生存活动而创造出来的期望与天地自然和谐共生的信仰活动。
Traditionalfestivalritualsandcustomsareimportantelementsoffestivals,carryingarichandcolorfulculturalheritage.NewYearsDayisanancientChinesefestivalandthemostimportantfestivaloftheyear.Inthedevelopmentofhistory,ithasmixedvariousfolkcustomsfromvariousregionsandformedsomerelativelyfixedcustoms,manyofwhicharestillpasseddowntothisday.Theseactivitiescanbebroadlysummarizedintothefollowingaspects:worshippinggodstorespondtothetimes;Respectingancestorsandupholdingfamilyties;Driveawayevilandseekpeace;Leisureandentertainment,relaxingthemood.Startingwithahundredfestivals,theSpringFestivalisthemostsolemntraditionalfestivaloftheChinesenation.Itnotonlyembodiestheideologicalbeliefs,idealwishes,lifeentertainment,andculturalpsychologyoftheChinesenation,butalsoservesasacarnivaldisplayforprayingforblessings,fightingdisasters,eating,andentertainmentactivities.
DuringtheSpringFestival,variousNewYearcelebrationsareheldthroughoutthecountry.Duetoregionalculturaldifferences,therearedifferencesincustomsanddetails,whichhavestrongregionalcharacteristics.ThecelebrationactivitiesduringtheSpringFestivalareextremelyrichanddiverse,includingliondance,floatingcolors,dragondance,wanderinggods,templefairs,flowerstreets,flowerlanterns,playinggongsanddrums,cursorflags,fireworks,prayingforblessings,andplayingspring.Therearealsoactivitiessuchaswalkingonstilts,runningdryboats,anddancingyangko.DuringtheSpringFestival,therearevariouslocalcustomssuchaspostingNewYearsgreetings,observingtheNewYear,eatingreunionmeals,andpayingNewYearsgreetings.However,duetodifferentcustomsandtraditions,eachhasitsownuniquefeaturesineverydetail.TheSpringFestivalfolkcustomshavediverseformsandrichcontent,whichisaconcentrateddisplayoftheessenceoftheChinesenationslifeandculture.InvariousfolkritualsduringtheSpringFestival,weoftenseethecontentofworshippinggods.
TheSpringFestivalisadayofgettingridoftheoldandreplacingthenew.Althoughitisscheduledonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth,theactivitiesoftheSpringFestivalarenotlimitedtothatday.SincetheendoftheChineseNewYear,peoplehavebeenbusywithactivitiessuchasofferingsacrificestostoves,sweepingdust,purchasingNewYearsgoods,stickingNewYearsredenvelopes,washinghairandbathing,anddecoratinglanternsanddecorations.Alloftheseactivitieshaveacommontheme,whichis"biddingfarewelltotheoldandwelcomingthenew".TheSpringFestivalisajoyful,peaceful,andfamilyreunionfestival,aswellasacarnivalforpeopletoexpresstheirlongingforhappinessandfreedom,andaneternalspiritualpillar.TheSpringFestivalisalsoadayforworshippingancestorsandprayingforthenewyear.Sacrificeisabeliefactivitycreatedbyhumanbeingsinancienttimes,hopingtocoexistharmoniouslywithnature.
游老爷MasterYou
春节更是民众娱乐狂欢的节日。元日子时交年时刻，鞭炮齐响、烟花满天，辞旧岁、迎新年等各种庆贺新春活动达于高潮。年初一早上各家焚香致礼，敬天地、祭列祖，然后依次给尊长拜年，继而同族亲友互致祝贺。元日以后，各种丰富多彩的娱乐活动竞相开展，为新春佳节增添了浓郁的喜庆气氛。节日的热烈气氛不仅洋溢在各家各户，也充满各地的大街小巷。这期间花灯满城，游人满街，热闹非凡，盛况空前，直要闹到正月十五元宵节过后，春节才算真正结束。因此，集祈年、庆贺、娱乐为一体的盛典春节成了中华民族最隆重的佳节。春节反映了自然时空的新旧交换，具有除旧布新、祈福纳祥、感念先恩、阖家团圆的美好寓意。
（二）传统习俗traditionalcustom
●买年货BuyNewYearsgoods
中国的年俗文化源远流长，全国各地衍生出纷繁多样的过年习俗，南北迥异，各具特色。虽然各地习俗不尽相同，但是备年货、送年礼却是几乎全国上下的“过年必备”。置办年货，包括吃的、穿的、戴的、用的、贴的（年红）、送的（拜年）礼物等等，统名曰之“年货”，而把采购年货的过程称之为“办年货”。办年货是中国人过春节的一项重要活动。
民间谚语称“腊月二十六，割年肉”，说的是这一天主要筹备过年的肉食。将“割年肉”放入年谣，是因为农耕社会经济不发达，人们只有在一年一度的年节中才能吃到肉，故此称为“年肉”。
ChinastraditionalChineseNewYearculturehasalongandrichhistory,andavarietyofChineseNewYearcustomshaveemergedthroughoutthecountry,withdistinctcharacteristicsinthenorthandsouth.Althoughcustomsvaryindifferentregions,preparingNewYearsgoodsandgivingNewYearsgiftsarealmostamust-havethroughoutthecountry.TheprocessofpurchasingNewYearsgoods,includingfood,clothing,wearing,using,pasting(NewYearsred),giving(NewYearsgreetings)gifts,etc.,iscollectivelyreferredtoas"NewYearsgoods",andtheprocessofpurchasingNewYearsgoodsiscalled"processingNewYearsgoods".SellingNewYearsgoodsisanimportantactivityforChinesepeopleduringtheSpringFestival.
Thefolkproverbgoes"Onthe26thdayofthetwelfthlunarmonth,cutthemeatoftheNewYear",whichmeansthatonthisday,themainpreparationisformeatfortheChineseNewYear.Thereasonwhy"cuttingNewYearsmeat"isincludedintheNewYearsrhymeisbecausetheagriculturalsocietyandeconomyarenotdeveloped,andpeoplecanonlyeatmeatduringtheannualfestival,soitiscalled"NewYearsmeat".
●祭灶Sacrificialstove
民间祭灶，源于古人拜火习俗。如《释名》中说：“灶。造也，创食物也。”灶神的职责就是执掌灶火，管理饮食，后来扩大为考察人间善恶，以降福祸。祭灶在中国民间有几千年历史了，灶神信仰是中国百姓对“衣食有余”梦想追求的反映。Thefolkworshipofthestoveoriginatedfromtheancientcustomofworshippingfire.Asstatedin"ShiMing":"Stove.Create,createfood."TheresponsibilityoftheKitchenGodistocontrolthestove,managefood,andlaterexpandittoexaminethegoodandevilofhumanity,inordertobringgoodandevil.TheworshipoftheKitchenGodhasahistoryofthousandsofyearsinChinesefolkculture,anditreflectstheChinesepeoplespursuitofthedreamofhavingmorethanenoughfoodandclothing.
●扫尘Sweepingdust
●贴年红（挥春）StickingNewYearsRed(SwingingSpring)
年廿八、廿九或三十日家家户户“贴年红”（年红是春联、门神、年画、福字、横批、窗花等的统称，因这些是过年时贴的红色喜庆元素，所以统称为“年红”）。贴年红是中华传统过年习俗，它反映了人民大众的风俗和信仰，增添喜庆的节日气氛，并寄予着人们对新年新生活的美好期盼。
⑵贴年画：春节挂贴年画在城乡也很普遍，浓墨重彩的年画给千家万户平添了许多兴旺欢乐的喜庆气氛。年画是中国的一种古老的民间艺术，反映了人民朴素的风俗和信仰，寄托着他们对未来的希望。随着木板印刷术的兴起，年画的内容已不仅限于门神之类单调的主题，变得丰富多彩。
⑶窗花与“福”字：在民间人们还喜欢在窗户上贴上各种剪纸——窗花。窗花不仅烘托了喜庆的节日气氛，也集装饰性、欣赏性和实用性于一体。同时，一些人家要在屋门上、墙壁上、门楣上贴上大大小小的“福”字。民间还有将“福”字精描细做成各种图案的，图案有寿星、寿桃、鲤鱼跳龙门、五谷丰登、龙凤呈祥等。
(1)PostingSpringFestivalcouplets:Accordingtoliteraryworkssuchas"JadeCandleTreasureEncyclopedia"and"YanjingSuishiJi",theoriginalformofSpringFestivalcoupletsiswhatpeoplecall"peachsymbols".Anothersourceofspringcoupletsisspringcouplets.Inancienttimes,theword"Yichun"wasoftenpastedonthedayofthebeginningofspring,whichgraduallydevelopedintospringcouplets.PostingSpringFestivalcouplets,alsoknownasdoorcouplets,springcouplets,couplets,couplets,andpeachsymbols,isauniqueliteraryforminChinathatdepictsthehistoricalbackgroundwithneat,dual,concise,andexquisitewriting,expressingbeautifulwishes.EverySpringFestival,whetherinurbanorruralareas,everyhouseholdshouldcarefullyselectalargeredSpringFestivalcouplettostickontheirdoors,addingafestiveatmospheretothefestival.
⑵PostingNewYearpaintings:ItisalsocommontohangNewYearpaintingsduringtheSpringFestivalinurbanandruralareas.ThecolorfulNewYearpaintingsaddalotofprosperityandjoytothousandsofhouseholds.NewYearpaintingsareanancientfolkartinChina,reflectingthesimplecustomsandbeliefsofthepeople,andexpressingtheirhopeforthefuture.Withtheriseofwoodblockprinting,thecontentofNewYearpaintingsisnolongerlimitedtomonotonousthemessuchasdoorgods,buthasbecomerichandcolorful.
⑶Windowdecorationsandtheword"Fu":inthefolkpeoplealsoliketostickvariousPaperCuttingsonthewindows-windowdecorations.Windowdecorationsnotonlyenhancethefestiveatmosphere,butalsointegratedecoration,appreciation,andpracticality.Atthesametime,somefamiliesneedtopastethewords"fu"ofallsizesonthedoor,wall,andlintel.Therearealsofolkdesignsthatfinelydepictthecharacter"fu"intovariouspatterns,includinglongevitystars,longevitypeaches,carpjumpingoverthedragongate,abundantgrains,andauspiciousdragonsandphoenixes.
●年夜饭NewYearsEvedinner
年夜饭，又称年晚饭、团年饭等，特指岁末除夕的阖家聚餐。年夜饭源于古代的年终祭祀仪，拜祭神灵与祖先后团圆聚餐。年夜饭是年前的重头戏，不但丰富多彩，而且很讲究意头。吃团年饭前先拜神祭祖，待拜祭仪式完毕后才开饭。席上一般有鸡（寓意有计）、鱼（寓意年年有余）、蚝豉（寓意好市）、发菜（寓意发财）、腐竹（寓意富足）、莲藕（寓意聪明）、生菜（寓意生财）、腊肠（寓意长久）等以求吉利。中国人的年夜饭是家人的团圆聚餐，这顿是年尾最丰盛、最重要的一顿晚餐。
年夜饭的名堂很多，南北各地不同，而且各有讲究。北方人过年习惯吃饺子，这是古时候流传下来的习惯。由于地理气候方面原因，春节期间北方还处于万物闭藏的寒冬，冬天的北方地区白茫茫一片，冰天雪地，基本上没办法种植作物，资源匮乏，可选用的食材不多。而南方地区，尤其是沿海一些地方，基本上四季绿意盎然，南方冬季在蔬果等食材上占有极大的优势，所以在饮食的选择上具有更多的选择性；在地利方面，又得益于水资源充沛分布广所以各类渔获充足食材多样；所以在一些重要的节日上，南方的饮食会丰富多样一些。
NewYearsEvedinner,alsoknownasNewYearsdinnerandreuniondinner,referstothefamilydinnerattheendoftheyearandNewYearsEve.TheNewYearsEvedinneroriginatedfromtheancientyear-endritual,wheregodsandancestorswereworshippedandreunitedforameal.TheNewYearsEvedinneristhehighlightoftheNewYearsEve,notonlyrichandcolorful,butalsoverythoughtful.BeforeeatingtheChineseNewYearmeal,payhomagetothegodsandancestors,andonlyserveaftertheworshipceremonyiscompleted.Generally,therearechicken(meaningthereisaplan),fish(meaningthereismorethanoneyear),oystersauce(meaninggoodmarket),hairdish(meaningrich),Rollsofdriedbeanmilkcreams(meaningrich),lotusroot(meaningsmart),lettuce(meaningrich),sausage(meaninglong),etc.onthetableforluck.TheChineseNewYearsEvedinnerisafamilyreuniondinner,anditisthemostsumptuousandimportantdinnerattheendoftheyear.
TherearemanyfamousplacesfortheNewYearsEvedinner,differentfromthenorthandsouth,andeachhasitsownuniquestyle.NorthernershaveatraditionofeatingdumplingsduringtheChineseNewYear,whichhasbeenpasseddownfromancienttimes.Duetogeographicalandclimaticreasons,duringtheSpringFestival,thenorthernregionisstillinacoldwinterwithallthingshiddenaway.Inwinter,thenorthernregioniscoveredinavastexpanseofwhite,withiceandsnow,anditisbasicallyimpossibletoplantcrops.Resourcesarescarce,andtherearenotmanyavailableingredientstochoosefrom.Inthesouthernregion,especiallyalongthecoast,thereisgenerallyabundantgreenerythroughouttheyear.Inwinter,thesouthernregionhasagreatadvantageinvegetablesandfruits,soithasmorechoicesinfoodchoices;Intermsofgeographicaladvantage,italsobenefitsfromabundantwaterresourcesandwidedistribution,whichleadstoabundantfishinganddiversefoodingredients;Soonsomeimportantfestivals,thecuisineinthesouthwillbemorediverseanddiverse.
●守岁Shousui
除夕守岁是年俗活动之一，守岁之俗由来已久。守岁的民俗主要表现为所有房子都点燃岁火，合家欢聚，并守“岁火”不让熄灭，等着辞旧迎新的时刻，迎接新岁到来。除夕夜灯火通宵不灭，曰“燃灯照岁”或“点岁火”，所有房子都点上灯烛，还要专门在床底点灯烛，遍燃灯烛，谓之“照虚耗”，据说如此照过之后，就会使来年家中财富充实。WatchingtheNewYearsEveisoneofthetraditionalactivities,andthecustomofwatchingtheNewYearhasalonghistory.Thefolkcustomofstayingupforthenewyearismainlymanifestedinallhouseslightingupthefire,familiesgatheringtogether,andkeepingthefireburning,waitingforthemomentofbiddingfarewelltotheoldandwelcomingthenewyear.OnNewYearsEve,thelightsremainlitallnight,knownas"lightingtheNewYearsEve"or"lightingtheNewYearsEvefire".Allhousesarelitwithcandles,andspecialcandlesarealsolitunderthebed.Burningthecandlesrepeatedlyiscalled"lightingupwaste".Itissaidthatafterbeingilluminatedinthisway,itwillenrichthewealthofthefamilyinthecomingyear.
●压岁钱NewYearsmoney
压岁钱，年俗之一，年晚饭后长辈要将事先准备好的压岁钱派发给晚辈，据说压岁钱可以压住邪祟，晚辈得到压岁钱就可以平平安安度过一岁。压岁钱在民俗文化中寓意辟邪驱鬼，保佑平安。压岁钱最初的用意是镇恶驱邪。因为人们认为小孩容易受鬼祟的侵害，所以用压岁钱压祟驱邪。
在历史上，压岁钱是分多种的，一般在新年倒计时时由长辈派发给晚辈，表示压祟，包含着长辈对晚辈的关切之情和真切祝福；另一种就是晚辈给老人的，这个压岁钱的“岁”指的是年岁，意在期盼老人长寿。可追溯的最早压岁钱文字记载在汉代，又叫压胜钱，并不在市面上流通，而是铸成钱币形式的玩赏物，有避邪的功能。
NewYearsmoney,oneofthecustomsoftheChineseNewYear,isdistributedbyelderstoyoungergenerationsafterdinner.ItissaidthatNewYearsmoneycansuppressevilspirits,andyoungergenerationscanspendayearpeacefullybyreceivingNewYearsmoney.NewYearsmoneysymbolizeswardingoffevilspiritsandwardingoffghosts,andblessingpeaceinfolkculture.TheoriginalpurposeofNewYearsmoneywastosuppressevilanddriveawayevilspirits.Becausepeoplebelievethatchildrenaresusceptibletosneakyattacks,theyuseluckymoneytosuppressandwardoffevilspirits.
Inhistory,NewYearsmoneyhasbeendividedintovarioustypes.Generally,duringthecountdowntotheNewYear,itisdistributedbyelderstoyoungergenerationstoexpresstheirgratitudeandgenuineblessings;Anothertypeisthemoneygivenbyyoungergenerationstotheelderly,andthe"year"ofthisluckymoneyreferstoyears,hopingfortheelderlytolivealonglife.TheearliestwrittenrecordofChineseNewYearcoinscanbetracedbacktotheHanDynasty,alsoknownasChineseNewYearcoins.Theywerenotcirculatedinthemarket,butweremintedintocoinsasaformofentertainment,withthefunctionofwardingoffevilspirits.
●游神WanderingGod
游神，是传统贺岁习俗之一。游神，又称圣驾巡游、游老爷、营老爷、游菩萨、游神赛会、年例、迎神、迎年、游春、行香、菩萨行乡、抬神像、神像出巡等等，是指人们在新年期间或其它喜庆节日里，又或诸神圣诞的'这一天，到神庙里将行身神像请进神轿里，然后抬出庙宇游境，接受民众的香火膜拜，寓意神明降落民间，巡视乡里，保佑合境平安。主旨是酬神、消灾、祈福等。游神沿途伴随有锣鼓、唢呐、神偶、舞狮、舞龙、飘色、标旗、游灯、八音、杂技及乐队演奏等丰富多彩艺阵表演。是集拜神、祈祷、欢庆、宴客为一体的传统民俗活动。
ThewanderinggodisoneofthetraditionalNewYearcustoms.Thewanderingdeity,alsoknownastheHolyDrivingParade,LordYou,LordYing,BodhisattvaYou,GodYouCompetition,Annals,WelcomingtheGods,WelcomingtheNewYear,SpringFestival,Incense,BodhisattvasHometown,CarryingGods,andStatuesonaTour,referstopeoplebringingwalkingdeitiesintothedivinesedanchairatthetempleduringtheNewYearorotherfestivefestivals,oronthedayofthegodsChristmas,andthencarryingthemoutofthetempletoreceiveincenseandworshipfromthepeople,symbolizingthelandingofgodsamongthepeople,Patrolthevillageandblessthepeaceoftheborder.Themainthemeistorewardthegods,dispeldisasters,prayforblessings,etc.Alongtheway,thewanderinggodsareaccompaniedbycolorfulperformancessuchasgongsanddrums,suona,divinedolls,liondances,dragondances,flutteringcolors,flags,lanterns,eightnotes,acrobatics,andbandperformances.Itisatraditionalfolkactivitythatintegratesworshippinggods,praying,celebrating,andentertainingguests.
Youshen,alsoknownas"YoushenCompetition"or"Yinglaoye"intheChaoshanarea,isatraditionalfolkactivityintheChaoshanarea;DuringtheSpringFestivaleveryyear,inchronologicalorder,eachvillageandtowntakesturnstoholdfolkgodactivities,andthesceneislivelyandextraordinary.InthewesternregionofGuangdong,itisalsoknownas"YouLaoye","YouBodhisattva",or"NianLi";Theso-calledchronologicalorderreferstothepracticeoftracingbacktothepastandpresent,withannualorders.IntheBeiliuarea,itisalsoknownasthe"annualcalendar".InthePearlRiverDeltaregion,alsoknownasthe"BodhisattvaTravelingVillage,"peoplecarrydeitiesandparadearoundthevillagetoreceiveblessings.InFuzhou,alsoknownas"welcomingthegods",thethirdtofifteenthdayofthefirstlunarmonthisthetimetovisitthegods,whichhasbecomeoneoftheimportantactivitiesforruralNewYearcelebrations;Thewanderinggodsoftentakevillagesasaunit,andsometimesseveralvillagesjoinforcestopatrolthevillagewiththesoundofgongs,drums,andfirecrackers.Thepeoplewatchandwelcomethemalongtheway,creatingalivelyscene.
●拜岁NewYearsgreetings
●庙会Templefairs
逛庙会是春节期间的民俗活动之一。广府庙会与北京地坛庙会并称中国两大庙会。涵盖木偶荟萃、中华绝活、武林大会、元宵灯会等主题活动，包含了祈福文化、民俗文化、美食文化、商贸休闲文化等丰富的内容。VisitingtemplefairsisoneofthefolkactivitiesduringtheSpringFestival.GuangfuTempleFairandBeijingDitanTempleFairarebothknownasthetwomajortemplefairsinChina.ItcoversthemeactivitiessuchasPuppetGathering,ChineseUniqueSkills,WulinConvention,Yuanxiao(Filledroundballsmadeofglutinousrice-flourforLanternFestival)LanternFestival,etc.,andcontainsrichcontentssuchasblessingculture,folkculture,foodculture,tradeandleisureculture.
●拜年NewYearsgreetings
春节期间走访拜年是年节传统习俗之一，是人们辞旧迎新、相互表达美好祝愿的一种方式。初二、三就开始走亲戚看朋友，相互拜年，道贺祝福，说些恭贺新喜、恭喜发财、恭喜、新年好等话。拜年的意义所在是亲朋好友之间走访联络感情、互贺新年，表达对亲朋间的情怀以及对新一年生活的美好祝福。随着时代的发展，拜年的习俗亦不断增添新的内容和形式。
VisitingandpayingrespectsduringtheSpringFestivalisoneofthetraditionalcustomsofthefestival,whichisawayforpeopletobidfarewelltotheoldandwelcomethenew,andexpressgoodwishestoeachother.Startingfromthesecondandthirddayofjuniorhighschool,westartvisitingrelativesandfriends,payingNewYeargreetingstoeachother,wishingeachothergoodluck,andsayingthingssuchascongratulationsonthenewyear,wealth,happiness,andahappynewyear.ThesignificanceofNewYearsgreetingsistovisitandconnectwithfamilyandfriends,congratulateeachotherontheNewYear,expressfeelingsforfamilyandfriends,andoffergoodwishesforthenewyearslife.Withthedevelopmentofthetimes,thecustomofpayingNewYearsgreetingshasalsocontinuouslyaddednewcontentandforms.
●烧炮竹Burningfirecrackers
中国民间有“开门炮仗”一说。即在新的一年到来之际，家家户户开门的第一件事就是烧炮竹，以哔哔叭叭的爆竹声除旧迎新。炮竹是中国特产，亦称“爆仗”、“爆竹”、“炮仗”、“鞭炮”。其起源很早，关于爆竹的演变过程，《通俗编排优》记载道：“古时爆竹。皆以真竹着火爆之，故唐人诗亦称爆竿。后人卷纸为之。称曰“爆竹”。
炮竹的原始目的是迎神与驱邪。后来以其强烈的喜庆色彩发展为辞旧迎新的象征符号。烧炮竹可以创造出喜庆热闹的气氛，是节日的一种娱乐活动，可以给人们带来欢愉和吉利。
ThereisasayingamongtheChinesepeoplethat"openthedoorandengageinartillerybattles".Ontheoccasionofthenewyear,thefirstthingeveryhouseholddoeswhentheyopentheirdoorsistosetfiretofirecrackers,usingthebeepingsoundoffirecrackerstodispeltheoldandwelcomethenew.FirecrackersareaChinesespecialty,alsoknownas"explosivefirecrackers","firecrackers","firecrackers",and"firecrackers".Itsorigindatesbackalongtime.Regardingtheevolutionprocessoffirecrackers,"PopularArrangementExcellence"records:"Inancienttimes,firecrackerswereallmadeofrealbamboothatcaughtfireandexploded,soTangpoetryisalsoknownasexplosiverods.Latergenerationsrolledpaperandcalledthem"firecrackers".".
Theoriginalpurposeoffirecrackerswastowelcomegodsandwardoffevilspirits.Later,itsstrongfestivecolordevelopedintoasymbolicsymbolforbiddingfarewelltotheoldandwelcomingthenew.Burningfirecrackerscancreateafestiveandlivelyatmosphere,andisaformofentertainmentduringfestivalsthatcanbringjoyandgoodlucktopeople.
●生旺火Generateastrongfire
新年正月十五元宵，在院子里点燃火把，火堆，民间称为“生旺火”、或“点发宝柴”。现代民间生旺火常常是点燃禾杆堆或炮纸堆，火势越旺越好，象征燎去旧灾晦，迎来新气象。Onthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonthoftheNewYear,Yuanxiao(Filledroundballsmadeofglutinousrice-flourforLanternFestival)Festival,peoplelighttorchesintheyard.Thefireiscalled"ShengWangHuo"or"DianFaBaoChai".Inmodernfolkculture,alivelyfireisoftenignitedbyapileofstraworcannonpaper.Thestrongerthefire,thebetter,symbolizingtheeliminationofolddisastersandtheusheringinanewatmosphere.
（三）节期活动Festivalactivities
忙年（小年）BusyYear(SmallYear)
年尾十二月廿三或廿四开始忙年，又称“小年”。小年并非专指一个日子，由于各地风俗不同，被称为“小年”的日子也不尽相同。在清朝之前，民间传统的小年祭灶日是十二月廿四，从清朝中后期开始，帝王家就于十二月廿三举行祭天大典，为了“节省开支”，顺便把灶王爷也给拜了，上行下效，北方地区民间百姓相效仿，多在十二月廿三过小年；南方大部分地区，仍然保持着十二月廿四过小年的传统。小年是整个春节庆祝活动的开始和伏笔，其主要活动有两项：扫尘和祭灶。
传统习俗：祭灶、蒸花馍、买年红、吃灶糖、扫尘。
Onthetwentythirdortwentyfourthdayofthetwelfthlunarmonthattheendoftheyear,abusyyearbegins,alsoknownas"XiaoNian".Xiaoniandoesnotrefertoaspecificday,andduetodifferentcustomsindifferentregions,thedaysknownas"Xiaonian"arealsodifferent.BeforetheQingDynasty,thetraditionalfolkfestivalforworshippingtheKitchenGodwasonthe24thdayofthetwelfthlunarmonth.StartingfromthemidtolateQingDynasty,theimperialfamilyheldagrandfestivalonthe23rddayofthetwelfthlunarmonth.Inordertosaveexpenses,theyalsopaidhomagetotheKitchenGod,followingtheexampleofthepeopleinthenorthernregions,oftencelebratingtheChineseNewYearonthe23rddayofthetwelfthlunarmonth;Inmostsouthernregions,thetraditionofcelebratingtheChineseNewYearonDecember24thisstillmaintained.XiaonianisthebeginningandforeshadowingoftheentireSpringFestivalcelebration,withtwomainactivities:sweepingthedustandofferingsacrificestothestove.
Traditionalcustoms:offeringsacrificestothestove,steamingsteamedbuns,buyingNewYearsredwine,eatingstovecandy,andsweepingawaydust.
年廿八Year28
年廿八除旧布新，清除旧的年红，有的地方年廿八开始贴年红。广东有一句俗语“年廿八，洗邋遢”，意思是说在农历十二月廿八日这一天全家人要留在家里打扫卫生，贴年红，迎接新年。北方一些地方有年谣云：“腊月二十八，打糕蒸馍贴花花”或“二十八，把面发”。所谓贴花花，就是张贴年画、春联、窗花和各种春节张贴之物。
Onthetwentyeighthdayoftheyear,oldredenvelopesareremovedandreplacedwithnewones.Insomeplaces,redenvelopesarepastedstartingfromthetwentyeighthdayoftheyear.ThereisacommonsayinginGuangdongthatgoes,"Onthetwentyeighthdayofthetwelfthlunarmonth,washupthemess."Itmeansthatonthisday,thewholefamilyshouldstayathometocleanup,pasteNewYearsred,andwelcometheNewYear.Insomeplacesinthenorth,thereisanewsaying:"Onthe28thdayofthetwelfthlunarmonth,ricecakemakingsteamedbunsarepastedwithflowers"or"Onthe28thday,noodlesaresent".Theso-calledflowerpastingreferstopostingNewYearpaintings,SpringFestivalcouplets,windowdecorations,andvariousitemspostedduringtheSpringFestival.
除夕NewYearsEve
除夕，为岁末的最后一天夜晚。岁末的最后一天称为“岁除”，意为旧岁至此而除，另换新岁。除，即去除之意；夕，指夜晚。除夕是除旧布新、阖家团圆、祭祀祖先的日子。除夕，在国人心中是具有特殊意义的，这个年尾最重要的日子，漂泊再远的游子也是要赶着回家去和家人团聚，在爆竹声中辞旧岁，烟花满天迎新春。除夕，祭祖、吃团年饭，年夜饭后有派发压岁钱和守岁的习俗。
传统习俗：置天地桌、祭祖、烧炮、吃年夜饭、接神、踩祟、接财神。
NewYearsEveisthelastnightoftheyear.Thelastdayattheendoftheyeariscalled"SuiChu",whichmeanstoremovetheoldyearandreplaceitwithanewone.Exclusionmeanstoremove;Xireferstothenight.NewYearsEveisadayforNewYearsEve,familyreunion,andancestorworship.NewYearsEveholdsspecialsignificanceintheheartsofChinesepeople.Themostimportantdayattheendoftheyeariswheneventhefarthestwanderersmustrushhometoreunitewiththeirfamilies,bidfarewelltotheoldyearwiththesoundoffirecrackers,andwelcomethenewyearwithfireworks.OnNewYearsEve,itiscustomarytopayrespectstoancestorsandhaveareuniondinner.Afterthedinner,thereisatraditionofdistributingNewYearsmoneyandobservingtheNewYear.
Traditionalcustoms:settingupaheavenandearthtable,worshippingancestors,burningcannons,havingNewYearsEvedinner,receivinggods,steppingontheearth,andreceivingtheGodofWealth.
正月初一Onthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth
从年初一开始便进入迎禧接福、拜祭神祖、祈求丰年主题。元日子时交年时刻，鞭炮齐响、烟花照天、辞旧岁、迎新年等各种庆贺新春活动达于高潮。炮竹声中辞旧岁，烟花满天迎新春。春节早晨开门大吉，先烧炮竹，叫做“开门炮仗”，送旧迎新。爆竹声后，碎红满地，灿若云锦，称为“满堂红”。正月初一迎新岁，拜岁。早上各家焚香致礼，敬天地、祭列祖，拜岁神。然后依次给尊长拜年，继而同族亲友互致祝贺。新年初一，人们都早早起来，穿上最漂亮的衣服，打扮得整整齐齐出门，恭祝新年大吉大利。《占书》中说，正月初一是“鸡日”。
传统习俗：开门炮仗、拜岁、祈年、拜年、占岁、聚财。
Traditionalcustoms:openingthedoorwithfirecrackers,payingrespectstotheNewYear,prayingfortheNewYear,payingrespectstotheNewYear,occupyingtheNewYear,andgatheringwealth.
正月初二Ontheseconddayofthefirstlunarmonth
大年初二是开年日，早上拜祭天地神灵，祭礼完毕，烧炮、烧纸宝，然后吃“开年饭”。这餐“开年饭”一般备发菜、生菜、鱼等，意在取其生财利路之意。这天出嫁的女儿回娘家，要夫婿同行，所以俗称“迎婿日”。回娘家的女儿必须携带一些礼品和红包，分给娘家的小孩，并且在娘家吃午饭，但必须在晚饭前赶回婆家。《占书》中说，正月初二是“狗日”。
传统习俗：拜神，开年饭等。
OntheseconddayoftheLunarNewYear,itistheNewYearsDay.Inthemorning,wepayhomagetothegodsandgodsofheavenandearth.Aftertheceremonyiscompleted,weburncannonsandpapertreasures,andthenhavea"NewYearsmeal".This"NewYearsmeal"usuallyincludesseaweed,lettuce,fish,etc.,withtheintentionofgeneratingwealthandbenefitingtheroad.Onthisday,thedaughterwhogotmarriedreturnedtohermothershouseandaskedherhusbandtoaccompanyher,soitiscommonlyknownas"welcomingson-in-lawday".Thedaughterwhoreturnstohermothershousemustbringsomegiftsandredenvelopes,distributethemtoherchildren,andhavelunchathermothershouse,butmustrushbacktoherhusbandshousebeforedinner.IntheBookofDocuments,itissaidthattheseconddayofthefirstlunarmonthis"DogDay".
Traditionalcustoms:Worshipingthegods,havingNewYearsmeals,etc.
正月初三Onthethirddayofthefirstlunarmonth
大年初三又称赤狗日，与“赤口”同音，为熛怒之神，是上古五帝（东方青帝灵威仰、南方赤帝赤熛怒、中央黄帝含枢纽、西方白帝白招拒、北方黑帝汁先纪）之一，即南方之神，司夏天。俗以为是日赤熛怒下兄，遇之则不吉，故此，“小年朝”例应祀祖祭神。“赤口”通常不会外出拜年，传说这天容易与人发生口角争执。古时在中国南方民间，大年初三的早上要贴“赤口”（禁口），认为这一天里易生口角，不宜拜年。所谓“赤口”，一般是用约长七八寸、宽一寸的红纸条，上面写上一些出入平安吉利的话。总之，贴“赤口”，是使人们心理上觉得一年到头都能出入平安，不与人发生口角或各种不幸的灾难，家中多多招财进宝，万事如意。
传统习俗：烧门神纸。
Traditionalcustom:Burningdoorgodpaper.
正月初四Thefourthdayofthefirstlunarmonth
大年初四是祭财神的日子，迎神接神。《占书》中，传说正月初四是女娲造羊的日子，故称“羊日”，在这一天里，人们不能杀羊，如果天气好，则意味着这一年里，羊会养得很好，养羊的人家会有个好收成。
传统习俗：迎神接神，接五路，吃折罗，扔穷。
OnthefourthdayoftheLunarNewYear,itisadaytoworshiptheGodofWealthandwelcomehim.IntheBookofZhan,itissaidthatthefourthdayofthefirstlunarmonthisthedaywhenNüwamadesheep,henceitiscalled"SheepDay".Onthisday,peoplecannotkillsheep.Iftheweatherisgood,itmeansthatthesheepwillbewellraisedinthisyear,andthesheepfarmerswillhaveagoodharvest.
Traditionalcustoms:welcomingthegodsandreceivingthem,followingthefivepaths,eatingZheluo,andthrowingawaypoverty.
正月初五Onthefifthdayofthefirstlunarmonth
正月初五，按民间习俗是五路财神的生日，因此要迎接财神进家，保佑自家新的一年财源滚滚、年年有余。同时自然也是送走“穷”的日子，故有“送穷出门”一说。这一天又俗称“破五”，意思是之前几天的诸多禁忌至此就结束了。破五习俗除了以上禁忌外，主要是送穷，迎财神，开市贸易。北方民间有吃饺子的习俗，寓意着招财进宝。传说正月初五是“牛日”。
传统习俗：祭财神（南方）、送穷、开市。
Onthefifthdayofthefirstlunarmonth,accordingtofolkcustoms,itisthebirthdayoftheFiveWealthGods.Therefore,itisnecessarytowelcometheWealthGodsintoyourhomeandblessyourfamilywithabundantwealthandsurpluseveryyear.Atthesametime,itisalsoadaytobidfarewelltopoverty,sothereisasayingof"sendingpovertyout".Thisday,alsoknownas"PoWu",meansthatthemanytaboosofthepreviousdayshavecometoanend.Inadditiontotheabovetaboos,themaincustomsofbreakingtheFiveCustomsaretosendawaythepoor,welcometheGodofWealth,andopenmarketsfortrade.Thereisafolkcustomofeatingdumplingsinthenorth,whichsymbolizesattractingwealthandtreasures.Legendhasitthatthefifthdayofthefirstlunarmonthis"OxDay".
Traditionalcustoms:WorshipingtheGodofWealth(Southern),sendingoffthepoor,andopeningthemarket.
正月初六Onthesixthdayofthefirstlunarmonth
正月初六是“马日”，叫六六大顺。这一天，每家每户要把节日积存的垃圾扔出去，这叫送穷鬼。大年初六也是启市日，商店酒楼才正式开张营业，而且要大放鞭炮，不亚于除夕的境况。
传统习俗：送穷，启市。
Thesixthdayofthefirstlunarmonthisknownasthe"HorseDay",alsoknownastheGreatShunofthesixthlunarmonth.Onthisday,everyhouseholdhastothrowawaythegarbageaccumulatedduringtheholiday,whichiscalledsendingthepooraway.OnthesixthdayoftheLunarNewYear,whichisalsotheopeningdayofthemarket,shopsandrestaurantsofficiallyopenforbusiness,andtheyhavetosetofffirecrackers,nolessthanthesituationonNewYearsEve.
Traditionalcustoms:Sendingoffpovertyandopeningupthemarket.
正月初七Ontheseventhdayofthefirstlunarmonth
初七是人日，即人的生日，通常不外出拜年。《占书》说，由初一开始，上天创造万物的次序是“一鸡二狗、三猪四羊、五牛六马、七人八谷”，所以初七就是人日。从汉朝的文献开始有人日节俗的文字记载，魏晋后开始重视。古代人日有戴“人胜”的习俗，人胜是一种头饰，又叫彩胜、华胜。
传统习俗：熏天、吃七宝羹、送火神。
Ontheseventhdayofthelunarnewyear,itisthebirthdayofapersonandtheyusuallydonotgoouttopayNewYearsgreetings.AccordingtotheBookofDocuments,startingfromthefirstdayofthelunarnewyear,theorderinwhichheavencreatedallthingsis"onechicken,twodogs,threepigs,foursheep,fiveoxen,sixhorses,sevenpeople,andeightvalleys".Therefore,theseventhdayofthelunarnewyearisknownastheHumanDay.StartingfromtheliteratureoftheHanDynasty,therewerewrittenrecordsofpeoplesdailycustoms,whichbegantobevaluedaftertheWeiandJindynasties.Inancienttimes,therewasacustomofwearing"RenSheng"onpeoplesdays.RenShengisatypeofheadwear,alsoknownasCaiShengorHuaSheng.
Traditionalcustoms:smokingthesky,eatingSevenTreasureSoup,andsendingtheFireGod.
正月初八Ontheeighthdayofthefirstlunarmonth
年初八是开工日，派发开工利是，是广东老板过年后第一天上班首要做的事；利是利是，寓意着一年都能利利是是，大红大紫。年初八前走亲访友拜年基本完毕，从年初八起民间便陆续开展敬神、游神、摆宗、舞狮、舞龙、飘色、游灯、做醮、标炮、做大戏以及各种文艺表演活动。传说初八是谷子的生日，这天天阴则年歉，天气晴朗则这一年稻谷丰收。
传统习俗：顺星、游神、做斋头、放生祈福。
OntheeighthdayoftheLunarNewYear,whichisthestartdate,distributingconstructionbenefitsisthetoppriorityforGuangdongbossesontheirfirstdayofworkaftertheChineseNewYear;Profitisprofit,symbolizingtheabilitytomakeprofitsthroughouttheyear,withgreatsuccess.Beforetheeighthdayoftheyear,visitingrelativesandfriendstopayNewYearsgreetingswasbasicallycompleted.Startingfromtheeighthdayoftheyear,folkactivitiessuchasworshipinggods,wanderinggods,settingupschools,liondances,dragondances,flutteringcolors,lanterndances,makingceremonies,markingcannons,performinggrandplays,andvariousculturalperformanceshavebeencarriedoutoneafteranother.Legendhasitthattheeighthdayofthelunarnewyearisthebirthdayofthemillet.Ifitiscloudyonthisday,theyearwillbeagoodone,andiftheweatherisclear,theyearwillbeabountifulharvestofrice.
Traditionalcustoms:followingthestars,wanderinggods,makingvegetarianofferings,andreleasinganimalsforblessings.
正月初九Ontheninthdayofthefirstlunarmonth
正月初九是天日，在我国南方的东南沿海一带，尤其是闽南地区，有一个特别盛行且隆重的民间习俗，这就是“拜天公”。古人认为九是最大的阳数，古人以天为阳，以地为阴，所以用“九”来代表天。许多地区的人们在这一天都要望空叩拜，举行最隆重的祭祀仪式。以三牲、水果拜祭玉皇大帝的生日，求天公赐福，希望来年风调雨顺，有好收成。在各地祭拜天公习俗中，以福建闽南地区最为隆重。
Theninthdayofthefirstlunarmonthisthedayofheaven.InthesoutheasterncoastalareasofsouthernChina,especiallyinthesouthernFujianregion,thereisaparticularlypopularandsolemnfolkcustom,whichis"worshippingtheHeavenlyGod".Theancientsbelievedthatninewasthelargestnumberofyang,andtheyregardedheavenasyangandearthasyin,sotheyused"nine"torepresentheaven.Onthisday,peopleinmanyregionsworshipandholdthemostsolemnsacrificialceremonies.OfferingsacrificesofthreeanimalsandfruitstothebirthdayoftheJadeEmperor,prayingforblessingsfromtheheavensandhopingforagoodharvestinthecomingyear.AmongthecustomsofworshippingtheHeavenlyGodinvariousregions,thesouthernFujianregionisthemostsolemn.
正月初十Onthetenthdayofthefirstlunarmonth
正月初十，南方部分地区有开灯的习俗，设开灯酒宴。河南风俗这一日家家向石头焚香致敬，认为“十”，谐音“石”，因此初十为石头生日，这天凡磨、碾等石制工具都不能动，甚至设祭享祀石头，恐伤庄稼。也称“石不动”“十不动”；午餐必食馍饼，认为吃饼一年之内便会财运亨通。在山东郓城等地有抬石头神之举。Onthetenthdayofthefirstlunarmonth,thereisacustominsomesouthernregionstoturnonlightsandholdabanquetwithlightson.Onthisday,everyfamilyinHenanpaystributetostonesbyburningincense,believingthat"ten"soundslike"stone".Therefore,onthetenthdayofthelunarnewyear,itisthebirthdayofstones.Onthisday,allstonetoolssuchasgrindingandgrindingcannotbemoved,andevenofferingsacrificestostonesmayharmcrops.Alsoknownas"stonenotmoving"or"tennotmoving";Imusteatbreadforlunch,andIbelievethateatingbreadwillbringgoodfinancialluckwithinayear.InplacessuchasYunchenginShandong,thereareactsofliftingstonegods.
正月十一January11th
正月十一“子婿日”，此日是岳父宴请子婿的日子。初九庆祝“天公生”剩下的食物，除了在初十吃了一天外，还剩下很多，所以娘家不必再破费，就利用这些剩下的美食招待女婿及女儿，民歌称为“十一请子婿”。Ontheeleventhdayofthefirstlunarmonth,itisthedaywhenthefather-in-lawinviteshisson-in-lawtoabanquet.Ontheninthdayofthelunarnewyear,theleftoverfoodforcelebratingthebirthoftheHeavenlyGodwasnotonlyeatenalldayonthetenthday,butalsoleftalot.Therefore,thefamilydidnotneedtospendanymoremoneyandusedtheseleftoverdelicaciestoentertaintheirson-in-lawanddaughter.Thefolksongiscalled"ElevenInvitingSon-in-law".
正月十二January12th
正月十二，搭灯棚，花灯酒会，做斋头，做醮，标炮等。从即日起人们开始准备庆祝元宵佳节，选购灯笼，搭盖灯棚，做醮，标炮。有童谣云：“十一嚷喳喳，十二搭灯棚，十三人开灯，十四灯正明，十五行月半，十六人完灯。”Onthetwelfthdayofthefirstlunarmonth,wesetuplanternsheds,holdflowerlanternbanquets,makevegetarianofferings,performrituals,andmarkcannons.Fromnowon,peoplebegintopreparetocelebratetheYuanxiao(Filledroundballsmadeofglutinousrice-flourforLanternFestival),buylanterns,buildlamphouses,doceremonies,andmarkcannons.Thereisanurseryrhymethatgoes:"Elevenshoutsandchatters,twelvesetsuplampshades,thirteenpeopleturnonthelights,fourteenlightsarebright,fifteenlinesofmoonandahalf,sixteenpeoplefinishthelights."
正月十三、十四January13thand14th
正月十三、十四，舞狮、飘色、游神、逛庙会。有传说正月十三是“灯头生日”，民间在这一天要在厨灶下点灯，称为“点灶灯”。
Onthe13thand14thofthefirstlunarmonth,liondance,floatingcolors,wanderinggods,andvisitingtemplefairs.Thereisalegendthatthe13thdayofthefirstlunarmonthisthe"LanternBirthday",andpeoplelightlampsunderthekitchenstoveonthisday,knownas"lightingstovelamps".
正月十五（元宵节）The15thdayofthefirstmonth(Yuanxiao(Filledroundballsmadeofglutinousrice-flourforLanternFestival))
正月十五，习俗活动主要有赏灯、游灯、押舟、烧炮、烧烟花、采青、闹元宵等。元宵节的节俗非常有特色，节期与节俗活动，也随历史的发展而延长扩展。元宵节习俗自古以来就以热闹喜庆的观灯习俗为主。每到正月，自贡灯会就成为南方最上相、最具有想象力的“跨年活动”。这一习俗起源于唐宋时期，当时的人们燃灯、赏灯，是过年时重要的节俗。
Onthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth,thecustomactivitiesmainlyincludeappreciatinglanterns,touringlanterns,holdingboats,burningguns,burningfireworks,pickinggreenflowers,andmakingYuanxiao(Filledroundballsmadeofglutinousrice-flourforLanternFestival).ThefestivalcustomsoftheYuanxiao(Filledroundballsmadeofglutinousrice-flourforLanternFestival)Festivalareverydistinctive.Thefestivalperiodandfestivalcustomsactivitiesalsoextendwiththedevelopmentofhistory.Sinceancienttimes,thecustomofYuanxiao(Filledroundballsmadeofglutinousrice-flourforLanternFestival)hasbeendominatedbylivelyandfestivelanternwatching.EveryJanuary,theZigongLanternFestivalbecomesthemostpopularandimaginativeNewYearsEveeventinthesouth.ThiscustomoriginatedintheTangandSongdynasties,whenpeoplelitandenjoyedlanterns,whichwereimportantcustomsduringtheChineseNewYear.
1、MaythejoyofNewYearbewithyouthroughouttheyear.
愿新年的快乐一年四季常在。
2、WishingyouasparklingNewYearandbrighthappyNewYear!Maytheseasonbringmuchpleasuretoyou.
愿你的新年光彩夺目，愿你的新年灿烂辉煌！佳节快乐！
3、HopeallyourNewYeardreamscometrue!
愿你所有的新年梦想都成真！
4、Mayitsblessingsleadintoawonderfulyearforyouandallwhomyouholddear.
祝福你及你所爱的人新的一年中万事如意。
6、WithbestwishesforahappyNewYear!
祝新年快乐，并致以良好的祝福。
7、WithverybestwishesforyourhappinessintheNewYear.
致以最良好的祝福，原你新年快乐幸福。
8、Goodhealth,goodluckandmuchhappinessthroughouttheyear.
恭祝健康、幸运，新年快乐。
9、IhopeyouhaveamosthappyandprosperousNewYear.
谨祝新年快乐幸福，大吉大利。
10、SeasonsgreetingsandbestwishesfortheNewYear.
祝福您，新年快乐。
11、SeasonsgreetingsandsincerewishesforabrightandhappyNewYear!
献上节日的问候与祝福，愿你拥有一个充满生机和欢乐的新年。
12、PleaseacceptourwishesforyouandyoursforahappyNewYear.
请接受我们对你及你全家的美好祝福，祝你们新年快乐。
13、Towishyoujoyatthisholyseason.Wishingeveryhappinesswillalwaysbewithyou.
恭祝新年吉祥，幸福和欢乐与你同在。
14、AllowmetocongratulateyouonthearrivaloftheNewYearandtoextendtoyouallmybestwishesforyourperfecthealthandlastingprosperity.
请允许我祝贺你在新的一年，向你表示最衷心的祝福你身体健康、事业发达。
15、MaythecomingNewYearbringyoujoy,loveandpeace.
愿新年为你带来快乐，友爱和宁静。
16、BestwishesfortheholidaysandhappinessthroughouttheNewYear.
恭贺新禧，万事如意。
17、PleaseacceptmysincerewishesfortheNewYear.Ihopeyouwillcontinuetoenjoygoodhealth.
请接受我诚挚的新年祝福，顺祝身体健康。
18、Goodluck,goodhealth,hoodcheer.IwishyouahappyNewYear.
祝好运、健康、佳肴伴你度过一个快乐新年。
19、Wishingyoualltheblessingsofabeautifulseason.
愿你拥有美丽的新年所有的祝福。
20、WishingyouallthejoyoftheseasonandaNewYearofhealth,happinessandgoodfortune.
祝你在新的一年里身体健康、幸福快乐、好运连连。
21、Towishyouspecialjoyattheholidaysandallyear.
祝你在节日和新的一年中享有无限的.快乐。
Happynewyear,mybestfriend.
22、祝我的挚友新年快乐。
Anewyeargreetingtocheeryou,mygoodfriend.
希望新年祝福给你带来欢乐，我的好朋友。
23、新的一年，愿领导继续保持卓越的工作表现，事业更上一层楼！
Inthenewyear,mayleaderscontinuetomaintainoutstandingworkperformanceandtaketheircareerstothenextlevel!
24、祝老板新年快乐，财源滚滚来。
Wishingthebossahappynewyearandabundantfinancialresources.
25、愿领导在新的一年里事业一帆风顺，生活幸福美满！
Maytheleadershaveasmoothcareerandahappyandfulfillinglifeinthenewyear!
26、老板，新年好，感谢你的关照。祝开心如意，财源滚滚！
GoodNewYear,boss.Thankyouforyourcare.Wishingyouhappinessandabundantwealth!
27、新的一年，愿老板事业有成，家庭美满，万事如意！
Inthenewyear,maythebosshaveasuccessfulcareer,ahappyfamily,andallthebest!
28、新的一年，愿老板继续带领我们共同发展壮大公司！
Inthenewyear,maythebosscontinuetoleadusinjointlydevelopingandstrengtheningthecompany!
29、MayyouhaveahealthyandsafeNewYear,happyandjoyful!
愿你新年健康加平安，幸福又快乐！
30、Inthenewyear,mayeverythingbesmoothandprosperous,peacefulandhappy!
新的一年，愿一切顺顺利利，平平安安，幸福快乐！
TheSpringFestival，ChineseNewYear，isthemostimportantfestivalforallofus.AllfamilymembersgettogetheronNewYearEvetohaveabigmeal.
Atthesametime，everyonecelebratestoeachother.Atabout12oclock，someparentsandchildrenlightcrackers.Thewholeskyislightedbrightly.Wemaywatchthefireworksexcitedly.Howbeautifulitis!
Onthefirstearlymoringofoneyear，manyseniorcitizengetupearlyandtheystickthereversedFuorhangsomecoupletsonthefrontdoor.Somehouseswindowsarestickedonredpapercutlings.
TheChineseNewYearlastsfifteendays.Soduringthefifteendays，wealwaysvisitourrelativesfromdoortodoor.Atthattime，childrenarethehappiestbecausetheycangetmanyredpacketsformtheirparents，grandparents，uncles，auntsandsoon.ThelastdayoftheChineseNewYearisanotherfestival.ItnamestheLanternFestival.
SotheChineseNewYearcomestotheend.
中国新年，春节是我们所有的人最重要的节日。在春节期间，所有的家庭成员都会在新年前夕聚在一起吃一顿大餐。
与此同时，每个人都互相庆祝。大约12点，一些家长和孩子们会一起放鞭炮，整个天空都是明亮的。我们可以高高兴兴地欣赏着这写烟花。啊，多么美丽的烟花啊!
新年里的第一个早上，许多老年人会很早的就起来，将福字倒贴在门上并把对联也贴在门上。一些房子的窗户上都贴上了红色的`剪纸。
中国的新年会持续15天，所以在这十五天里，我们总是会去挨家挨户去拜年。那时，孩子是最幸福的，因为他们可以从爸爸妈妈、爷爷奶奶、叔叔婶婶那里得到一些红包。中国新年的最后一天是另一个节日。这个节日叫做“元宵节”。
等到元宵节来时，这个新年也就结束了。
FallingonthefirstdayofthefirstmonthoftheChineselunarcalendar,theSpringFestivalisinfacttheChineseNewYear.Beforeit,peopleusuallygivetheirhouseathoroughcleaninganddoalotofshopping.
OntheNewYear’sEve,peoplecomehomeandthewholefamilyhaveabigdinnertogether.OntheNewYear’sDayandthefewdaystofollow,peopleoftenvisittheirrelativesandfriendstogiveoneanothertheirbestwishesforthenewyear.
Throughoutthisfestivalperiodfirecrackerscanbeheardeverywhere.ThisfestivalisthemostimportantfestivalfortheChinese.
春节实际上是中国的新年，它在中国农历正月初一的第一天。在春节开始之前，人们通常会给他们的房子进行彻底的清理，并进行大量的购物。
除夕的时候，人们会回到家里，这时，全家人都会在一起吃了一顿大餐。在新年和接下来的这些天里，人们经常会去拜访他们的亲戚和朋友，给他们一个新的一年的最好的祝福。
在这个节日期间，到处都可以听到烟花爆竹的`声音。这个春节是中国人最重要的节日。
FavoriteSpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalinChina.It’stocelebratethelunarcalendar‘snewyear.IntheeveningbeforetheSpringFestival,familiesgettogetherandhaveabigmeal.Inmanyplacespeopleliketosetofffirecrackers.Dumplingsarethemosttraditionalfood.Childrenlikethefestivalverymuch,becausetheycanhavedeliciousfoodandwearnewclothes.Theycanalsogetsomemoneyfromtheirparents.Thismoneyisgiventochildrenforgoodluck.PeopleputNewYearscrollsonthewallforgoodfortune.
春节是中国最重要的节日，它是为了庆祝农历新年，在春节前的晚上，家人聚在一起吃大餐，很多地方人们喜欢放鞭炮，饺子是最传统的食物，孩子们最喜欢的节日，因为他们可以吃到美味的`食物和穿新衣服。这笔钱是给孩子们的好运气。人们把新的一年的卷轴在墙上为好运气。
TheSpringFestivallastsabout15dayslong.Peoplevisitrelativesandfriendswiththewords“Haveallyourwishes”.PeopleenjoytheSpringFestival,duringthistimetheycanhaveagoodrest.
春节大约持续15天，人们拜访亲戚和朋友，这句话“有你所有的愿望”。人们享受春节，在此期间，他们可以有一个良好的休息。
IlikeTheSpringFestival.TheSpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalfortheChinesepeopleandiswhenallfamilymembersgettogether，justlikeChristmasintheWest.Allpeoplelivingawayfromhomegoback，becomingthebusiesttimefortransportationsystemsofabouthalfamonthfromtheSpringFestival.Airports，railwaystationsandlong-distancebusstationsarecrowdedwithhomereturnees.
我喜欢春节。正如在西方国家的圣诞节一样，春节对于中国人来说是最重要的节日，在这一天所有家庭成员欢聚一堂。所有离家在外的人都会返回家乡，交通系统在春节前后的半个月之内变成最繁忙的时期。飞机场，火车站和长途汽车站都挤满了旅客。
DuringSpringFestival，themostimprotantdaysareSpringFestivalEveandthefirstthreedays.ManycustomsaccompanytheSpringFestival.
在春节期间，而最重要的日子是春节的前一天和春节后的三天，许多民间风俗都在春节前后。
DuringSpringFestivaltime，youcanseekindsofdecorations.youcangototemplefairsandenjoysuperbperformancesofthedances，stilt-walkingandamazingacrobaticshows.
在春节期间，你就可以看到各式各样的装饰品。你当然也可以去礼堂欣赏精湛的'舞蹈表演，高跷行走和惊人的杂技表演。
Thehappyspringfestivalspringfestivalisonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth.chinesepeoplemostlikethespringfestival.duringspringfestival,chinesepeoplelikehavingmealswiththeirfamilies,playingfireworksintheopenair.mysistersandiplayedfireworksonthatday.wehadmanyfireworks.theywereverybeautiful.theywererunningintotheskyandbreakingintopieces.theylookedlikeflowersinthesky.wewereveryhappyandexcited.afterthat,imadeawish.ihopethat,wecanhaveahappyandhealthylifenextyearandeveryoneinmyfamilycanbehappy.ienjoythefestivalveryhappy.
春节，中国新年，是我们大家最重要的节日。所有的家庭成员都得到新大吃一顿。同时，大家互相庆祝。大约十二点，一些家长和孩子们放鞭炮，天空是明亮的。我们可以兴奋地看烟花！
在一年的第一个清晨，许多老年人早早起床，贴上颠倒的礼物，或在前门挂上对联。一些房子的窗户上贴上红纸。
中国新年持续十五天。所以在这十五天里，我们总是登门拜访我们的.亲戚。那时，孩子们最快乐，因为他们可以从父母、祖父母、叔叔、阿姨那里得到很多红包。春节的最后一天是另一个节日。它把元宵节命名为元宵节。
所以中国新年就要到了。
TheSpringFestivalisveryimportanttoChinesepeople.Inthepast，peoplecouldnotoftenhavemeat，riceorotherdeliciousfood.TheycouldonlyeattheseduringtheSpringfestival.SoeveryyeartheyhopedthattheSpringFestivalwouldcomesoon.Now，althoughpeople‘slifeismuchbetter，andwecaneatthedeliciousfoodseveryday.Peoplestilllikethefestival.Becausemostpeoplecanhavealongholiday，andwearefreetogoonatriporvisitourfriendsorhavepartieswithourfamily.Intheevenings，wecanhaveabigmealintherestaurantorstayathomewithfamilyandwatchtheTVprograms.
IliketheSpringFestivalverymuch.HowwonderfultheSpringFestivalis！
春节对中国人来说非常重要。在过去，人们往往没有肉，大米或其他美味的食物吃。他们通常只能在春节吃到这些。所以每年他们都希望春节可以快点来。现在，虽然人们的生活好多了，我们每天都可以吃美味的食物。人们仍然喜欢的'春节。因为大多数人可以有一个很长的假期，我们可以自由地去旅行或拜访我们的朋友或与我们的一家人聚会。晚上，我们可以在餐厅大吃一顿，或与家人留在家里看电视节目。
我十分喜欢春节。春节是多么的美妙啊！
TheSpringFestivalesafterNewYearsDay.ItsusuallyinJanuaryorFebruary.ItstheChineseNewYearsDay.TheSpringFestivalisthebiggestfestivalinChina.
AlloftheChineselikethisfestival.Whenites,peoplearebusy.Theyusuallydosomecleaning,gotothestorestobuysomenewclothesandalotofmeat,vegetablesandfruit.
Ontheeveofthefestival,everyoneinthefamilyesbackhomefromotherplaces.Theygettogetherandhaveabigsupper.
Theyeatdumplings,NewYearscakeandsomeotherdeliciousfoodintheirhouses.SomepeoplelikeNewYearscake,butmorepeoplethinkdumplingsarethemostdeliciousfoodofall.Somefamilieshaveaparty.
Theysing,danceandhaveagoodtime.IlikethisfestivalverymuchbecauseIcanplaywithmyfriendsandIcanget"redenvelopes".
翻译：
春节是在新年的第一天.通常是在一月或二月.这是中国新年的日子.春节是中国最大的节日.所有的中国人喜欢这个节日当它来了,人正忙着他们通常通过清洁、去商店去买些新的衣服和大量的肉类、蔬菜、水果。
孩子们更是喜欢过节，因为他们不仅可以吃到美味佳肴、穿上新衣服，还可以得到很多压岁钱。晚辈得到压岁钱就可以平平安安度过一岁。
FarandawaythemostimportantholidayinChinaisSpringFestival,alsoknownastheChineseNewYear.TotheChinesepeopleitisasimportantasChristmastopeopleintheWest.ThedatesforthisannualcelebrationaredeterminedbythelunarcalendarratherthantheGREgoriancalendar.
sothetimingoftheholidayvariesfromlateJanuarytoearlyFebruary.TotheordinaryChinese,thefestivalactuallybeginsontheeveofthelunarNewYearsDayandendsonthefifthdayofthefirstmonthofthelunarcalendar.Butthe15thofthefirstmonth,whichnormallyiscalledtheLanternFestival,meanstheofficialendoftheSpringFestivalinmanypartsofthecountry.
SpringFestivalisthemostimportantandpopularfestivalinChina.BeforeSpringFestival,thepeopleusuallycleananddecoratetheirhouses.AndtheygototheFlowerFairstobuysomeflowers.DuringSpringFestival,theadultsusuallygiveluckymoneytochildren.Peopleoftengettogetherandhaveabigmeal.Somepeopleeatdumplingfordinner.
很久以前，中国历史上最重要的节日是春节，而且据说是中国的新年。对于中国人来说，它的'重要程度和西方的圣诞节一样。这一年一度的庆典日期被定在了阴历相当于格里高利历，所以假日改变的日期从一月末变为二月初。
春节在中国是最重要最流行的节日。在很久以前，过春节时，人们经常需要整理打扫房间。并且去花市买些鲜花。春节期间，成年人常常要给小子压岁钱。人们常要在一起聚餐，有些人午夜还会吃饺子。
ThespringfestivalistheloveliestinChina,whichiscomesinFebruary.Everyonelovesitsomuchthatpreparelotsofthingsofthespringfestivalbeforeitcomes.Inthespringfestivalholiday,peopledomanythings,suchaseatthedinnerontheNewYears,setofffireworks,strollthefamousfairlikes"Baiyunguan"fair.Especiallyforsomechildrenorteenageris"luckymoney"。
Onthefirstdayoflunar,theyounggenerationcongratulatestheoldgenerationwith"HappyNewYear!"
Thentheoldgenerationwillgivetheyoungsomeluckymoneywhichwrappedwithredpaperorredenvelope.Becauseredisacolorwithjoyful.Luckymoneymeanstheoldgenerationslovetotheyoungandhopethemcanhaveagoodluckinthisnewyear.thisistheluckymoneywhichlotsoftheyoungwant.
春节是中国最隆重的节日，春节通常在二月份。每个人都非常重视它，并且在春节到来之前做很多节日准备。在春节假期，人们会有很多活动，比如吃年夜饭，放烟花，逛“白云观”之类的著名庙会。孩子和年轻人还有“压岁钱”可以领。
农历新年的第一天，晚辈会跟长辈们说“新年快乐!”
然后长辈们会给晚辈一些用红纸或者红信封装着的'压岁钱。因为红色代表着喜庆。压岁钱意味着长辈对晚辈的爱，并且希望他们能在新的一年有一个好运气。这是幸运红包，很多孩子都希望收到。
AncientChineselegendhadhadamonsternamednianheadlongsharpedges,fierceabnormalities,in"thebeastintheseabed,eachelderdeepintotheNewYearseveandclimbedouttoswallowcattledamagelives,eachtoNewYearseve,peopleCunCunZhaiZhaiFuLaoXieYouandfledtothemountains,toavoid"nian"damage.
AgainayearNewYearseve,folkslikeeverbusytidyupthingtopreparefledtothemountains,comeatimevillageheadeastwhite-hairedoldman,awhite-hairedoldmantojehuoldwomansayaslongaslethiminherfamilylivesanight,hewillsurely"nian"beastdrivenaway.Theydonotbelieve,oldwomanadviseditsstillwentupintothemountainfromthegood,buttheoldmanstayed,allseeadvisedhimnottolive,thenwentupthemountaininsuccessionfrom.
When"nian"beastlikeusualreadytoburstintovillage,whensuddenlyspreadacrossthefirecracker,"nian"beastmixbodychills,andneverforwardpool,originally"year"beastmostafraidofred,thelightoffire,andexploding.Thendooropen,seetheoldmanwearingrednosocomialalaugh,"nian"beastwassurprisedandhastyretreat.
Thenextday,whenthepeoplebacktothevillagefrommountains,hefoundthevillagesafeandsound,thisissuddenlyenlighted,originallywhite-hairedoldmanistohelpyouevict"nian"beastimmortals,peoplealsofoundawhite-hairedoldexpel"nian"beastthreepiecesofmagicweapon.Sincethen,theNewYearseve,everybodypastedredcouplets,firecrackers,everyhouseholdlights,ShouGengforyears.Thiscustomsmorespreadsesmoreandwidely,becometheChinesefolkceremonioustraditionalfestival"ChineseNewYear".
传说中国古时侯有一种叫“年”的怪兽，头长尖角，凶猛异常，年”兽长年深居海底，每到除夕，爬上岸来吞食牲畜伤害人命，因此每到除夕，村村寨寨的人们扶老携幼，逃往深山，以躲避“年”的伤害。
又到了一年的除夕，乡亲们象往年都忙着收拾东西准备逃往深山，这时候村东头来了一个白发老人，白发老人对一户老婆婆说只要让他在她家住一晚，他定能将“年”兽驱赶走．众人不信，老婆婆劝其还是上山躲避的好，但老人坚持留下，众人见劝他不住，便纷纷上山躲避去了。
当“年”兽象往年一样准备闯进村肆虐的'时候，突然传来爆竹声，“年”兽混身颤栗，再也不敢向前凑了，原来“年”兽最怕红色，火光和炸响．这时大门大开，只见院内一位身披红袍的老人哈哈大笑，“年”兽大惊失色，仓惶而逃．
第二天，当人们从深山回到村里时，发现村里安然无恙，这才恍然大悟，原来白发老人是帮助大家驱逐“年”兽的神仙，人们同时还发现了白发老人驱逐“年”兽的三件法宝．从此，每年的除夕，家家都贴红对联，燃放爆竹，户户灯火通明，守更待岁．这风俗越传越广，就成了中国民间最隆重的传统节日“过年”。
1、腊八粥LabaCongee
2、年糕Ricecake
3、饺子Dumplings
4、元宵Yuanxiao(Filledroundballsmadeofglutinousrice-flourforLanternFestival)
南方叫做“汤圆”，在江苏，上海等地，大年初一早晨都有吃汤圆的习俗。元宵节，道教称之为“上元节”。据元代伊土珍《（女郎）环环记》引《三余帖》记：嫦娥奔月后，羿思念成疾。正月十四日夜忽有童子求见，自称为嫦娥之使，说：“夫人知君怀思，无从得降，明日乃月圆之候，君宜用米粉作丸，团团如月，置室西北方，叫夫人之名，三夕可降而。”羿如法而行，嫦娥果然降临。可见元宵节吃元宵，是取“团团如月”的吉祥之意。明代时，元宵在北京已很常见，做法也与今天无异。清代康熙年间朝野盛行“八宝元宵”、马思远元宵。民国初年还有袁世凯因元宵与“袁消”音同，故下令禁喊元宵之事。
5、春卷Springrolls
一、过年期间的饮食注意DietaryprecautionsduringtheChineseNewYear
规律饮食，不要“暴饮暴食”Eataregulardietandavoidovereating
春节期间走亲访友，家家户户的茶几上、餐桌上、零食、菜肴都很丰富，很多人在春节那是控制不住自己的嘴的，饮食极其不规律，且很容易暴饮暴食。不规律的进食和暴饮暴食，都极大的加重了胃肠道的负担，因而容易造成消化不良、腹胀、口苦，甚至恶心、呕吐、腹泻等。
DuringtheSpringFestival,visitingrelativesandfriends,theteatables,diningtables,snacks,anddishesineveryhouseholdareveryrich.ManypeoplecannotcontroltheirmouthsduringtheSpringFestival,andtheirdietisextremelyirregular,makingiteasytoovereat.Irregulareatingandovereatinggreatlyincreasetheburdenonthegastrointestinaltract,whichcaneasilyleadtoindigestion,bloating,bittertaste,andevennausea,vomiting,diarrhea,etc.
多食蔬菜，主食也不要忘记Eatmorevegetables,anddontforgetthestaplefood
节日期间荤腥吃的多，也要注意多吃蔬菜。新鲜蔬菜是一种碱性食物，不仅含有丰富的纤维素，可解油腻，维持肠胃正常蠕动，预防便秘，而且能中和体内多余的酸性物质，维持人体的平衡。
Duringfestivals,itisimportanttoeatmoremeatandvegetables.Freshvegetablesareanalkalinefoodthatnotonlycontainsrichfiber,whichcanrelievegreasiness,maintainnormalgastrointestinalmotility,preventconstipation,butalsoneutralizeexcessacidicsubstancesinthebodyandmaintainbalanceinthehumanbody.
饮酒适量Moderatealcoholconsumption
过量的饮酒会造成肝脏、大脑、神经系统和消化系统等损伤，节假日也必须注意限量饮酒，不要因为高兴或“面子”而来者不拒，醉酒、酗酒后容易伤己，喝醉耍酒疯，还会破坏春节和气的氛围，尤其应避免酒后开车，不是为了交警和罚单，而是为了自己及家人的生命安全。
Excessivealcoholconsumptioncancausedamagetotheliver,brain,nervoussystem,anddigestivesystem.Itisalsoimportanttolimitalcoholconsumptionduringholidaysandnotrefusetodrinkbecauseofjoyor"facesaving".Drunkandexcessivedrinkingcaneasilyharmoneself,causingdrunkenbehavioranddisruptingtheharmoniousatmosphereoftheSpringFestival.Itisespeciallyimportanttoavoiddrivingundertheinfluenceofalcohol,notforthesakeoftrafficpoliceandfines,butforthesafetyofoneselfandonesfamily.
二、春节的禁忌有哪些WhatarethetaboosduringtheSpringFestival
1、早上非常忌讳催人起床Verytabootourgepeopletowakeupinthemorning
春节期间，睡觉睡到自然醒。因为，在古人看来，如果春节催别人起床，那么就会表示：他一年都要别人催着才能做事!当然，如果别人在睡觉，你是不能过去拜年的，因为这会让对方一年都在病床上。
DuringtheSpringFestival,sleepuntilyouwakeupnaturally.Becauseintheeyesoftheancients,iftheSpringFestivalurgedotherstowakeup,itwouldmeanthattheyhadtobeurgedbyothersallyeartodothings!Ofcourse,ifsomeoneissleeping,youcannotgotopayNewYearsgreetingsbecauseitwillkeeptheminbedforthewholeyear.
2、不许坐家中最高贵的座位Notallowedtositinthemostnobleseatathome
我们这里讲究过年祖宗要回家过年，最尊贵的座位留给他们，三十和初一要留着，很多家庭还会摆上贡品，专门让祖宗享用，当然这种情况，家人都会避开那些座位了。WeemphasizethatduringtheChineseNewYear,ourancestorsshouldgohomeandcelebrate.Themostprestigiousseatsshouldbereservedforthem,andonthe30thandfirstdayofthelunarnewyear,theyshouldbekept.Manyfamiliesalsooffertributeitemsspecificallyfortheirancestorstoenjoy.Ofcourse,inthissituation,familieswillavoidthoseseats.
3、忌讳倒污水垃圾扫地等Taboos:Pouringsewage,garbage,sweepingthefloor,etc
这一点，重点是指大年初一不能做。在古人看来，污水、垃圾等，都可能蕴含家里的财气，所以如果扫地或倒掉这些垃圾，就可能把家里财气倒掉!当然，五天不做这些事不可能，所以尽量大年初一别做。
ThekeypointisthatitcannotbedoneonthefirstdayoftheLunarNewYear.Intheeyesoftheancients,sewage,garbage,etc.maycontainthewealthofthefamily,soifyousweepthefloorordisposeofthesegarbage,youmaydrainthewealthofthefamily!Ofcourse,itsimpossiblenottodothesethingsforfivedays,sotrynottodothemonthefirstdayoftheLunarNewYear.
4、冰箱米缸为空不吉Isitunluckyfortherefrigeratorricejartobeempty
DuringtheentireChineseNewYearperiod,therefrigeratorandricejarshouldnotbeemptyandneedtobefilledatanytime,becausethesetwoitemsarecloselyrelatedtoourfoodandclothing.Fillingthemupsymbolizesthatourfamilywillbeabletohaveworryfreefoodandclothingandfullofmoneyinthecomingyear.Inaddition,iftherearebrokenpots,bowls,ladles,andpotsathome,itisrecommendedtoreplacethemtogether,otherwiseitwillaffectthefinancialluckofthecomingyearanditisalsoeasytolosemoney.
5、床不能乱动Thebedcannotmoverandomly
卧室的床是我们平时睡觉休息的地方，也是我们藏气纳财的位置所在。如果摆放的`不好或着随意的移动，轻则会使我们睡不安稳，诸事不顺，重的话还会影响到夫妻的感情以及家人的健康。尤其是孕妇的床，是万万不可动的。因为胎儿在肚子里也是有感觉的，如果察觉到自己身边的环境，发生了变化会很容易导致不安，从而发生胎动。
Thebedinthebedroomistheplacewhereweusuallysleepandrest,aswellastheplacewherewestoreenergyandwealth.Ifplacedimproperlyormovedcasually,itcancauseustohavedifficultysleepingandeverythinggoeswrong.Inseverecases,itcanalsoaffecttherelationshipbetweenspousesandthehealthoffamilymembers.Especiallyforpregnantwomen,theirbedsareabsolutelyimmovable.Becausefetusesalsohavefeelingsintheirstomachs,iftheyperceivechangesintheirsurroundings,itcaneasilyleadtoanxietyandfetalmovements.