Inancienttimesthemostimportantexaminationswerespoken,notwritten.IntheschoolsofancientGreeceandRome,testingusuallyconsistedofsayingpoetryaloudorgivingspeeches.
IntheEuropeanuniversitiesoftheMiddleAges,studentswhowereworkingforadvanceddegreeshadtodiscussquestionsintheirfieldofstudywithpeoplewhohadmadeaspecialstudyofthesubject.Thiscustomexiststodayaspartoftheprocessoftestingcandidatesforthedoctor’sdegree.
Generally,however,modernexaminationsarewritten.Thewrittenexamination,whereallstudentsaretestedonthesamequestion,wasprobablynotknownuntilthenineteenthcentury.Perhapsitcameintoexistencewiththegreatincreaseinpopulationandthedevelopmentofmodernindustry.Aroomfullofcandidatesforastateexamination,timedexactlybyelectricclocksandcarefullywatchedoverbymanagers,resemblesagroupofworkersatanautomobilefactory.Generally,duringexaminationsteachersandstudentsareexpectedtoactlikemachines.
Onetypeoftestissometimescalledan“objective”test.Itisintendedtodealwithfacts,notpersonalopinions.Tomakeupanobjectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestions,eachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.Alongwitheachquestiontheteacherwritesthecorrectanswerandalsothreestatementsthatlooklikecorrectanswerstostudentswhohavenotlearnedthematerialproperly.
1.IntheMiddleAgesstudents_______.
A.tookobjectivetestsB.specializedinonesubject
C.weretimedbyelectricclocksD.neverwroteexams
2.Themainideaofparagraph3isthat_______.
A.workersnowtakeexaminations
B.thepopulationhasgrown
C.thereareonlywrittenexams
D.examinationsarenowwrittenandtimed
3.Thekindofexamswherestudentsmustselectanswersare_______.
A.personalB.spokenC.objectiveD.written
4.Modernindustrymusthavedeveloped_______.
A.beforetheMiddleAgesB.aroundthe19thcentury
C.inGreeceorRomeD.machinestotaketests
5.Itmaybeconcludedthattesting_______.
A.shouldtestonlyopinions
B.Shouldalwaysbewritten
C.haschangedsincetheMiddleAges
D.isgivenonlyinfactories
参考答案：1.D2.D3.C4.B5.C
Passage2
Whateveritsunderlyingreasons,thereisnodoubtthatmuchofthepollutioncausedcouldbecontrolledifonlycompanies,individualsandgovernmentswouldmakemoreefforts.Inthehomethereisanobviousneedtocontrollitterandwaste.Foodcomeswrappedupthereorfourtimesinpackagesthatallhavetobedisposedof;drinksareincreasinglysoldinbottlesortinswhichcannotbereused.Thisnotonlycausesalitterproblem,butalsoisagreatwasteofresources,intermsofglass,metalandpaper.Advertisinghashelpedthisprocessbypersuadingmanyofusnotonlytobuythingweneitherwantnorneed,butalsotothrowawaymuchofwhatwedobuy.Pollutionandwastecombinetobeaproblemeveryonecanhelptosolvebycuttingoutunnecessarybuying,excessuseandcarelessdisposal(处理)oftheproductsweuseinourdailylives.
1.Themaincauseofpollutionis_______.
A.thereleaseofartificialornaturalsubstancesintotheenvironment
B.theproductionofnewindustrialgoods
C.increasedamountsofanaturalsubstance
D.ourever-increasingpopulation
2.Muchofthepollutioncouldbecontrolledifonly_______.
A.peoplewouldpaymoreattentiontotheproblem
B.governmentswouldtakeeffectivemeasures
C.allsidesconcernedwouldmakemoreefforts
D.farmerswoulduselessartificialfertilizers
3.Foodpackages,bottlesandtinsfordrinkscancause_______.
A.airandwaterpollution
B.bothalitterproblemandawasteofresources
C.topayfortheservice
D.toproducethereceipt
4.Whichofthefollowingcannothelpsolvingtheproblemofpollution
A.Cuttingoutunnecessarybuying.
B.Eatingless.
C.Reduceexcessuse.
D.Carefullydisposeourdailyproducts.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"litter"meaninparagraph2
A.notmany.
B.seriousproblem.
C.bitsofwastethings.
D.industrialpollution.
参考答案：ACBBC
Passage3
Obviouslytelevisionhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.
(3)Inthefirstplace,televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalsoacomparativelycheapone.WithaTVsetinthefamilypeopledon’thavetopayforexpensiveseatsatthetheatre,thecinema,ortheopera.Alltheyhavetodoistopushabuttonorturnaknob,andtheycanseeplays,films,operasandshowsofeverykind.Somepeople,however,thinkthatthisiswherethedangerlies.Thetelevisionviewersneeddonothing.Hedoesnotevenhavetousehislegsifhehasaremotecontrol.Hemakesnochoice,doesnoexercises,andmakesnojudgment.Heiscompletelypassiveandhaseverythingpresentedtohimwithoutanyeffortonhispart.
Television,itisoftensaid,keepsoneinformedaboutcurrenteventsandthelatestdevelopmentsinscienceandpolitics.Themostdistantcountriesandthestrangestcustomsarebroughtrightintoone’ssittingroom.Itcouldbearguedthattheradioperformsthisserviceaswell;butontelevisioneverythingismuchmoreliving,muchmorereal.Yethereagainthereisadanger.Thetelevisionscreenitselfhasaterrible,almostphysicalcharmforus.(4)Wegetsousedtolookingatthemovementsonit,sodependentonitspictures,thatitbeginstocontrolourlives.Peopleareoftenheardtosaythattheirtelevisionsetshavebrokendownandthattheyhavesuddenlyfoundthattheyhavefarmoretimetodothingsandthattheyhaveactuallybeguntotalktoeachotheragain.Itmakesonethink,doesn’tit
Therearemanyotherargumentsforandagainsttelevision.Wemustrealizethattelevisionitselfisneithergoodnorbad.Itistheusesthatitisputtothatdetermineitsvaluetosociety.
1.Whatisthemajorfunctionofparagraph1
A.Toarousethereader’sconcern.
B.Tointroducethethemeofthewholepassage.
C.Tosummarizethewholepassage.
D.TostatetheprimaryusesofTV.
2.Television,asasourceofentertainment,is_______.
A.notveryconvenientB.veryexpensive
C.quitedangerousD.relativelycheap
3.WhyaresomepeopleagainstTV
A.BecauseTVprogramsarenotinteresting.
B.BecauseTVviewersaretotallypassive.
C.BecauseTVpricesareveryhigh.
D.BecauseTVhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.
4.OneofthemostobviousadvantagesofTVisthat_______.
A.itkeepsusinformedB.itisverycheap
C.itenablesustohavearestD.itcontrolsourlives
5.Accordingtothepassage,whetherTVisgoodornotdependson_______.
A.itsqualityB.people’sattitudetowardsit
C.howweuseitD.whenweuseit
参考答案：BDBAC
Passage4
Whenwetalkaboutintelligence,wedonotmeantheabilitytogetgoodscoresoncertainkindsoftestsoreventheabilitytodowellinschool.Byintelligencewemeanawayoflivingandbehaving,especiallyinaneworupsettingsituation.Ifwewanttotestintelligence,weneedtofindouthowapersonactsinsteadofhowmuchheknowswhattodo.
(18)Forinstance,wheninanewsituation,anintelligentpersonthinksaboutthesituation,notabouthimselforwhatmighthappentohim.Hetriestofindoutallhecan,andthenheactsimmediatelyandtriestodosomethingaboutit.Heprobablyisn’tsurehowitwillallworkout,butatleasthetries.And,ifhecan’tmakethingsworkoutright,hedoesn’tfeelashamedthathefailed;hejusttriestolearnfromhismistakes.Anintelligentperson,evenifheisveryyoung,hasaspecialoutlookonlife,aspecialfeelingaboutlife,andknowshowhefitsintoit.
Ifyoulookatchildren,you’llseegreatdifferencebetweenwhatwecall“bright”childrenand“not-bright”children.Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsofpeople,notjustthesamekindwithdifferentamountofintelligence.Forexample,thebrightchildreallywantstofindoutaboutlife---hetriestogetintouchwitheverythingaroundhim.(19)But,theunintelligentchildkeepsmoretohimselfandhisowndream-world;heseemstohaveawallbetweenhimandlifeingeneral.
1.Accordingtothispassage,intelligenceis_______.
A.theabilitytostudywell
B.theabilitytodowellinschool
C.theabilitytodealwithlife
D.theabilitytogethighscoresonsometests
2.Inanewsituation,anintelligentperson_______.
A.knowsmoreaboutwhatmighthappentohim
B.issureoftheresulthewillget
C.concentratesonwhattodoaboutthesituation
D.caresmoreabouthimself
3.Ifanintelligentpersonfailed,hewould_______.
A.trynottofeelashamedB.learnformhisexperiences
C.trytoregretasmuchaspossibleD.makesurewhatresulthewouldget
4.Brightchildrenandnot-brightchildren_______.
A.aretwodifferenttypesofchildren
B.aredifferentmainlyintheirdegreeofcleverness
C.havedifferenceonlyintheirwayofthinking
D.havedifferentknowledgeabouttheworld
5.Theauthorofthispassagewillprobablycontinuetotalkabout_______.
A.howtodeterminewhatintelligenceis
B.howeducationshouldbefound
C.howtosolvepracticalproblems
D.howanunintelligentpersonshouldbetaught
参考答案：CCBAD
Passage5
Today,cigarettesmokingisacommonhabit.Aboutforty-threepercentoftheadultmenandthirty-onepercentoftheadultwomenintheUnitedStatessmokecigarettesregularly.Itisencouragingtoseethatmillionsofpeoplehavegivenupsmoking.
Itisafactthatmenasagroupsmokemorethanwomen.Amongbothmenandwomentheagegroupwiththehighestproportionofsmokersis24-44.
Income,education,andoccupationallplayapartindeterminingaperson’ssmokinghabit.Citypeoplesmokemorethanpeoplelivingonfarms.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettesthanmenwithfeweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes.Ontheotherhand,ifawell-educatedmanwithahigherincomesmokedatall,heislikelytosmokemorepacksofcigarettesperday.
Thesituationissomewhatdifferentforwomen.(40)Thereareslightlymoresmokersamongwomenwithhigherfamilyincomeandhighereducationthanamongthelowerincomeandlowereducationalgroups.Thesemorehighlyeducatedwomentendtosmokemoreheavily.
Amongteenagersthepictureissimilar.Therearefewerteenagedsmokersfromupper-income,well-educatedfamilies,andfewerfromfamilieslivinginfarmareas.Childrenaremostlikelytostartsmokingifoneorbothoftheirparentssmoke.
1.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph
A.Moreandmorepeopletakeupthehabitofsmoking.
B.TherearemoresmokingwomenthansmokingmeninUSA.
C.Itisgoodnewsthatmorepeoplehavegivenupsmoking.
D.TheU.S.hasmoresmokingpeoplethananyothercountry.
2.Whatfactorsdetermineaperson’ssmokinghabits
A.Age,incomeandeducation.
B.Age,sexandincome.
C.Occupation,incomeandsex.
D.Occupation,incomeandeducation.
3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage
A.Citypeoplearelesslikelytosmoke.
B.Peopleinruralareasaremorelikelytosmoke.
C.Menwithhigherincometendtosmoke.
D.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesaregenerallylesslikelytosmoke.
4.Whatisthesmokingsituationforwomen
A.Thesituationisquitethesameforwomenasformen.
B.Better-educatedwomenarelikelytosmokeheavily.
C.Therearemorewomensmokerswithlowincomes.
D.Womenwithhigherincomesandhighereducationdonottendtosmoke.
5.Whatcanwesayaboutteenagedsmokers
A.Thepictureabouttheteenagesmokersissimilartothatofwomensmokers.
B.Thesituationamongteenagersisquitethesamewithmen.
C.Highschoolstudentsaremorelikelytosmokethancollegestudents.
D.Farmers’childrentendtosmokemore.
参考答案：CDDBB
Passage6
Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Buttheyallenduplisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginsuchawayisthatthecrowdisdoingit.Theyhavecomeoutoftheircocoon(茧)intoalargercocoon.
(56)Ithasbecomeharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandtogohisorherownway.Industryhasfirmlycarvedoutamarketforteenagers.Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementswhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.Thisisagreatbarrierfortheteenagerwhowantstofindhisorherownpath.
A.readershowtobepopularwithpeoplearound
B.teenagershowtolearntomakeadecisionforthemselves
C.parentshowtocontrolandguidetheirchildren
D.peoplehowtounderstandandrespecteachother
207.Accordingtotheauthor,manyteenagersthinktheyarebraveenoughtoactontheirown,butinfactmostofthem_______.
A.havemuchdifficultyunderstandingeachother
B.lackconfidence
C.darenotcopewithanyproblemsalone
D.areverymuchafraidofgettinglost
208.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage
A.Thereisnopopularitythatreallycounts.
B.Manyparentsthinkthattheirchildrenarechallengingtheirauthority.
C.Itisnotnecessarilybadforateenagertodisagreewithhisorherclassmates.
D.Mostteenagersareactuallydoingthesame.
209.Theauthorthinksofadvertisementsas_______toteenagers.
A.inevitableB.influentialC.instructiveD.attractive
210.Themainideaofthelastparagraphisthatateenagershould_______.
A.differfromothersinasmanywaysaspossible
B.becomepopularwithothers
C.findhisrealself
D.rebelagainsthisparentsandthepopularitywave
参考答案：BCABC
Passage7
(76)Apparentlymanypeoplebelievethatthemoretimeapersonspendsatwork,themoreheorsheaccomplishes.Whenemployersevaluateemployees,theyoftenconsidertheamountoftimeonthejobinadditiontojobperformance.Employeesknowthis.Althoughmanyworkingpeoplecandotheirjobeffectivelyduringaregular40-hourworkweek,theyfeeltheyhavetospendmoretimeonthejobafternormalworkinghourssothatthepeoplewhocanpromotethemseethem.
Agroupofheadhunters(猎头)wereaskedtheiropinionaboutasituation.Theyhadachoiceoftwocandidatesforanexecutivepositionwithanimportantcompany.Thecandidateshadsimilarqualificationsforthejob.Forexample,theywerebothreliable.Onecoulddothejobwellina40-hourworkweek.Theotherwoulddothesamejobinan80-hourworkweekjustaswell.Accordingtoaheadhuntingexpert,the80-hour-a-weekcandidatewouldgetthejob.Thetimethiscandidatespendsonthejobmayencourageotheremployeestospendmoretimeatwork,too.Employersbelievethatiftheemployeesstayatworklater,theymayactuallydomorework.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage
A.Manypeopleworklonghoursbutdonotalwaysdoalotofwork.
B.Mostpeoplecangetmoreworkdonebyworkinglongerhours.
C.MostAmericanswork80hoursaweek,andsomeworkevenlonger.
D.Peoplecanmakemoremoneybyworkinglongerhours.
2.Themanagementconsultantwantedtofindout
A.howhardtheinvestmentbankerworkedduringhisworkhours
B.whenpeoplespenttimedoingunnecessaryworkintheiroffice
C.ifpeopleneededvacationafterworkinghardforacertainperiodoftime
D.whetherAmericanswerereallyworkingharderthantheyhaddonebefore
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE
A.Themoretimeapersonspendsatwork,themoreheorsheaccomplishes.
C.Somepeopleworkmorethan40hoursaweekinthehopeofgettingpromotion.
D.Allemployeesarewillingtospendextratimeatwork.
4.The80-hour-a-weekcandidatewouldgetthejobbecauseemployersbelieve_____.
A.thatheismorereliable
B.hisexamplewouldleadotheremployeestoworklongerhours
C.hehasbetterqualifications
D.hecouldencourageotheremployeestodoabetterjob
5.Theexpression“todoboth”inthelastparagraphis_____.
A.tofinishtheirworksatisfactorilyandrelaxandenjoythemselves
B.topayattentiontobothperformanceandproductivity
C.toworklonghoursandhaveshortvacations
D.torelaxandenjoythemselvesquitefrequently
参考答案：ADCBA
Passage8
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Itissuchcolleges,thrivingbutthreatened,thatIworryabout.Lowenrollmentisnottheirchiefproblem.Evenwithfullenrollments,theymaygounder.Effortstosavethem,andpreferablytokeepthemprivate,areanationalnecessity.(79)Thereisnobasis.forarguingthatprivateschoolsareboundtobebetterthanpublicschools.Thereareplentifulexamplestothecontrary.Anyonecannamestateuniversitiesandcollegesthatrankasthefinestinthenationandtheworld.Itisnowinevitablethatpublicinstitutionswillbedominant,andthereforediversity(多样性)isanationalnecessity.Diversityinthewaywesupportschoolstendstogiveusahealthydiversityintheformsofeducation.Inahimperfectsocietysuchasours,uniformityofeducationthroughoutthenationcouldbedangerous,haanimperfectsociety,diversityisapositivegood.Eagersupportersofpublichighereducationknowtheimportanceofkeepingprivatehighereducationhealthy.
6.Inthepassage,theauthorasksthepublictosupport_____.
A.privatehighereducationingeneral
B.publichighereducationingeneral
C.high-qualityprivateuniversitiesandcolleges
D.high-qualitystateuniversitiesandcolleges
7.Accordingtothepassage,schoolsarebadbusinessesbecauseof_____.
A.thenatureofschoolB.poorteachers
C)badmanagementD.toofewstudents.
8.Thephrase“gounder”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____.
A.havelowfeesB.getintodifficulties
C.doabad]obeducationallyD.havelowteachingstandards
9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE
A.Therearemanycasesindicatingthatprivateschoolsaresuperiortopublicschools.
B.Theauthorthinksdiversityofeducationispreferabletouniformityofeducation.
C.Ahigh-qualityuniversityisalwaysagoodbusiness.
D.Eachtimefeesareraised,theenrollmentgoesup.
A.fullenrollmentB.raisingfees
C.reducingstudentaidD.nationalsupport
参考答案：CABBD
Passage9
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
TheclassroomsceneatMcCormickisunusual,butitmaysoonbeacommonphenomenoninAmericanschools,whereChineseisrapidlybecomingthehotnewlanguage.GovernmentofficialshavelongwantedmorefocusonusefullanguageslikeChinese,andpressurefromthem--aswellasfrombusinessleaders,politicians,andparents--hasproducedaquickgrowthinthenumberofprograms.
11.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe_____.
A.NextHotLanguagetoStudy:Chinese
B.NextHotLanguagetoStudy:Spanish
C.NextHotLanguagetoStudy:French
D.ChicagoIsthePlacetoLearnChinese
12.Themostdifficultthingtodoisfinding_____.
A.enoughtextbooksfortheChineseprograms
B.enoughmoneyfortheChineseprograms
C.enoughteachersfortheChineseprograms
D.enoughstudentsfortheChineseprograms
13.Welearnfromthepassagethat_____.
A.ScottMcGinnishasbeenaChineseteacherfor15years
B.JackieChanisaChineseteacheratMcCormickElementarySchool
C.ChicagoofficialsirerequiredtolearnChinese
D.ScottMcGinnisisgoodatgivinghisopinionsoneverything
14.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT_____.
A.thenumberofstudentslearningChineseissmall
B.ChineseprogramshavefoundtheirwayinseveralmajorCitiesintheU.S.
leadersandparentstostartChineseprograms
D.Chinaisbecomingmoreandmoreinfluentialintheworld
15Theword"quadrupled"inthelastparagraphiscloseinmeaningto‘multipliedby_____’.