医学博士英语考试阅读选择题解题技巧（三）
技巧5：确定例证要支持的论点
例证理解题是医学博士英语考试中非常常见的一种题型。而文中的举例无一例外地都是为主题服务的，因此确定例证要支持的观点是解答此类题型的关键。绝大多数情况下，例子所要证明的论点位于例子前面。也有少数会在举例之后归纳概括论点。总之，只要仔细阅读例子前后语境，就不难找出正确答案。
例1：2020年医学统考真题（例题选自《华慧医学考博英语一本通》）
GianlucaViall,managerofChelseaFootballClub,expresseditexplicitlyenough:“Thefootisthetoolofthetradeofthefootballer.”Youmightthereforeexpectfootballerstotakeparticularlygoodcareoftheirfeet.ButresultspresentedatarecentconferenceofdermatologistsinAmsterdamsuggestotherwise.Professionalfootballersseemaslikelytosufferfromfungalinfectionsofthefootasotherpeople.
Onestudy,calledAchillesProject,lookedat76,475pairsoffeetbelongingtopeoplefrom18Europeancountries.Itfoundthat26%ofthesamplehadTineapedis,betterknownasathlete'sfoot,while30%hadOnychomycosis,aninfectionthatcausestoenailstobecomethickened,discoloredanddistorted.TheresultsshowedthatEastEuropeancountrieshaveconsistentlyhigherratesofinfection.Onaverage,30%ofBritons,GermansandBelgianshadsomeformoffungalinfection,comparedwith85%ofRussians,andlessthan10%ofSpaniards.
63.FromthedescriptionofTineapedisandOnychomycosis,wearesurethat________.
A.TineapedisaffectsathletesmorethanOnychomycosis
B.TineapedisandOnychomycosisarebothfungalinfections
C.TineapedisisamoreseriousinfectionthanOnychomycosis
D.Tineapedisismoresensitivetoanti-fungaldrugsthanOnychomycosis
【答案】B
技巧6：抓大放小，首尾是关键
例：2019年医学统考真题（例题选自《华慧医学考博英语一本通》）
Youarewhatyoueat,orsothesayinggoes.Butanewgenerationofmolecularbiologistsisstartingtogivethatoldadageadecidedlyhigh-techtwist.
Bycombiningthelatestdiscoveriesinhumangeneticswithadeeperunderstandingofthehundredsofcompoundsfoundinfood,investigatorshavebeguntoteaseapartsomeofthemorecomplexinteractionsbetweenyourdietandyourDNA.Intheprocess,theyhopeeventuallytogiveconsumersmorepersonalizedadviceaboutwhattoeatanddrinktostaveoffheartdisease,cancerandotherchronicconditionsofaging.
“Wearetryingtoputmoresciencebehindthenutrition,”saysJoseOrdovas,ageneticistattheFriedmanSchoolofNutritionatTufts.“Wewanttofinallyunderstandwhynutrientsdowhattheydoandtowhom—whyalow-fatdietmaynotworkforsomebutworksforothers.”
DoyoudrinkthreecupsormoreofcoffeeadayGenetictestscannowdeterminewhetheryou—likeapproximately10%to20%ofthepopulation—haveaspecificgeneticvariationthatmakesitharderforyourbodytoabsorbcalciuminthepresenceofcaffeine,thusincreasingyourrateofboneloss.
Areyougettingenoughfolicacid,foundinbeans,peasandfortifiedgrainsResearchershavelearnedthatmanypeoplehaveageneticpredispositionthatputsthematgreaterriskofdevelopingheartdiseasebecausetheyneedmorefolicacidthantheaveragepersontomaintainnormalbloodchemistry.
Wouldahigh-fatdietbeparticularlydamagingtoyourhealth,givenyourgeneticmakeupAbout15%offolksarebornwithaformofaliverenzymethatcausestheirHDL,orgoodcholesterol,leveltogodowninresponsetodietaryfat.InmostpeopletheHDLlevelgoesup,counterbalancingsomeofthebadeffectsofdietaryfatonLDL—thedangerouscholesterol.
Noneofthosegeneticvariationsareimmediatelylifethreatening.Infact,mostofthemhavenoapparenteffect.Thevariantsarenotlikethemutationsmostofuslearnedaboutinschool—alterationsthatcauseentiregenesorseriesofgenestomalfunctionandthatresultindiseaseslikesickle-cellanemiaandcysticfibrosis.
Insteadthechangesnutritionalgeneticistsarelookingforaremorelikenormalvariationsinthecorrectspellingofaword—say,theatreortheater,dependingonwhetheryouspeaktheQueen’sEnglishorAmerican.“Weallhavethesevariantsinourgenes,”saysRayRodriguez,ageneticistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis.“Andtheyaffecthowweabsorb,utilizeandstorevariousnutrients.”
Researchersnowhaveagoodreferenceguideforthe25,000orsogenesofthehumangenomeandthemorethan3millioncommonvariantsthatlurkwithinthosegenes.Theystillneedtofigureouthowallthosegeneticvariablesrelatetohealthanddisease.
Addthefactthatfoodisfullofhundredsofbioactivecompounds,eachofwhichvariesdependingonwhereplantsaregrownoranimalsareraised,andyou’vegotquitealotofinformationtopuzzleout.Intheend,you’llprobablyfindoutyoustillneedtoeatyourbroccoli.Butatleastyou’llhaveabetterunderstandingofwhy.
76.Whatdoesthepassagewanttoverify
A.Youarewhatyoueat.B.Youarenotwhatyoueat.C.Therelationshipbetweencancerandeatinghabit.D.Therelationshipbetweentechnologyandeating.
【答案】A
【解析】由第一段中“Youarewhatyoueat,orsothesayinggoes.Butanewgenerationofmolecularbiologistsisstartingtogivethatoldadageadecidedlyhigh-techtwist.常言道，你吃什么就是什么。不过新一代分子生物学家正着手给这句话作明确的高科技解读。”提出话题“从科学的角度对，你吃什么就是什么’进行解读”以及后续段落围绕该话题进行论述，可知A项“你吃什么就是什么。”正确，也由此知B项“你吃什么并不代表你是谁。”不正确。C项“癌症和饮食习惯的关系。”只是文中提及的一个内容，D项“科技和饮食的关系。”在文中没有提及。