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SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Fluidintelligenceisthetypeofintelligencethathastodowithshort-termmemoryandtheabilitytothinkquickly,logically,andabstractlyinordertosolvenewproblems.It1inyoungadulthood,levelsoutforaperiodoftime,andthen2startstoslowlydeclineasweage.But3agingisinevitable,scientistsarefindingoutthatcertainchangesinbrainfunctionmaynotbe.
Onestudyfoundthatmusclelossandthe4ofbodyfataroundtheabdomenareassociatedwithadeclineinfluidintelligence.Thissuggeststhe5thatlifestylefactorsmighthelppreventor6thistypeofdecline.
Theresearcherslookedatdatathat7measurementsofleanmuscleandabdominalfatfrommorethan4,000middle-to-older-agedmenandwomenand8thatdatatoreportedchangesinfluidintelligenceoverasix-yearperiod.Theyfoundthatmiddle-agedpeople9highermeasuresofabdominalfat10worseonmeasuresoffluidintelligenceastheyears11.
Forwomen,theassociationmaybe12tochangesinimmunitythatresultedfromexcessabdominalfat;inmen,theimmunesystemdidnotappeartobe13.Itishopedthatfuturestudiescould14thesedifferencesandperhapsleadtodifferent15formenandwomen.
16,therearestepsyoucan17tohelpreduceabdominalfatandmaintainleanmusclemassasyouageinordertoprotectbothyourphysicalandmental18.Thetwohighlyrecommendedlifestyleapproachesaremaintainingorincreasingyour19ofaerobicexerciseandfollowingMediterranean-style20thatishighinfiberandeliminateshighlyprocessedfoods.
1.[A]pauses[B]returns[C]peaks[D]fades
2.[A]alternatively[B]formally[C]accidentally[D]generally
3.[A]while[B]since[C]once[D]until
4.[A]detection[B]accumulation[C]consumption[D]separation
5.[A]possibility[B]decision[C]goal[D]requirement
6.[A]delay[B]ensure[C]seek[D]utilize
7.[A]modified[B]supported[C]included[D]predicted
8.[A]devoted[B]compared[C]converted[D]applied
9.[A]with[B]above[C]by[D]against
10.[A]lived[B]managed[C]scored[D]played
11.[A]ranout[B]setoff[C]drewin[D]wentby
12.[A]superior[B]attributable[C]parallel[D]resistant
13.[A]restored[B]isolated[C]involved[D]controlled
14.[A]alter[B]spread[C]remove[D]explain
15.[A]compensations[B]symptoms[C]demands[D]treatments
16.[A]Likewise[B]Meanwhile[C]Therefore[D]Instead
17.[A]change[B]watch[C]count[D]take
18.[A]well-being[B]process[C]formation[D]coordination
19.[A]level[B]love[C]knowledge[D]space
20.[A]design[B]routine[C]diet[D]prescription
1.【答案】C(peaks)
干扰选项：A项pauses(暂停)，B项returns(返回)和D项fades(逐渐消失)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
2.【答案】D(generally)
【解析】语境题。比较各选项语义，A项
alternatively(二者择一地)，B项formally(形式上地)，C项accidentally(偶然地)和D项generally(通常)，其中，D项generally(通常)最符合原文语义。本题答案为D项。
3.【答案】A(while)
【解析】逻辑关系题。观察选项可知，本题考查句内逻辑关系，比较agingisinevitable和scientistsarefindingoutthat…maynotbe可知，inevitable和maynotbe提示语义相反，即“衰老不可避免”，与“科学家们发现大脑功能的某些变化可能并非不可避免”二者语义相反。A项while(尽管)提示让步，符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为A项。
干扰选项：B项since(由于)提示因果关系，C项once(一旦)提示条件关系，D项until(到……为止)提示顺承关系，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
4.【答案】B(accumulation)
【解析】逻辑关系题。and提示并列，muscleloss和the4ofbodyfataroundtheabdomen(腹部脂肪的4)互相并列，借助muscleloss(肌肉流失)可知，B项accumulation(积累)符合原文逻辑关系，即，肌肉流失和腹部脂肪堆积。本题答案为B项。
干扰选项：A项detection(侦查)，C项consumption(消耗)和D项separation(分离)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
5.【答案】A(possibility)
【解析】语境题。This指代上句的研究发现，本句继续介绍研究发现。比较各选项语义，A项possibility(可能性)，B项decision(决定)，C项goal(目标)和D项requirement(要求)，可知，A项possibility符合原文语义，即，这表明生活方式因素可能有助预防这种下降的可能性。本题答案为A项。
6.【答案】A(delay)
【解析】逻辑关系题。or提示并列，借助prevent(预防)可知，A项delay(延期)符合原文逻辑关系，即预防或延迟流动智力下降。本题答案为A项。
干扰选项：B项ensure(保证)，C项seek(寻求)和D项utilize(利用)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
7.【答案】C(included)
【解析】语境题。本题考查连接data(数据)和measurements(测量结果)的动词词义。比较各选项语义，A项modified(修改)，B项supported(支持)，C项included(包括)和D项predicted(预测)，可知C项included符合原文语义，即研究人员查看了包括4,000多名中老年男性和女性瘦肌肉群和腹部脂肪测量结果的数据。本题答案为C项。
8.【答案】B(compared)
【解析】逻辑关系题。and提示并列，lookedatdata和8thatdatatoreportedchanges互相并列，借助lookedat(查看)可知，B项compared(比较)符合原文逻辑关系，且能与介词to构成固定搭配，compare…to…(将……与……相比)。本题答案为B项。
干扰选项：其余各项与介词to构成固定搭配，A项devoted…to…(把……用于)，C项converted…to…(把……转化为……)，D项applied…to…(把……应用于……)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
9.【答案】A(with)
【解析】固定搭配题。观察选项可知，本题考查介词用法。比较各选项，A项with(带有……)，B项above(在……上面)，C项by(通过……)和D项against(与……相反)，可知，A项with连接highermeasuresofabdominalfat，作后置定语修饰people，符合原文语义，即，有着更高腹部脂肪的中年人。本题答案为A项。
10.【答案】C(scored)
【解析】语境题。比较各选项语义，A项lived(生活)，B项managed(管理)，C项scored(得分)和D项played(玩耍)，可知，C项scored符合原文语义，即，他们发现，有着更多腹部脂肪的中年人，在流动智力方面得分较低。本题答案为C项。
11.【答案】D(wentby)
12.【答案】B(attributable)
【解析】语境题。结合resultedfromexcessabdominalfat(腹部脂肪过多所致)，并比较各选项与介词to构成的搭配，A项superiorto(比……好的)，B项attributableto(可归因于……)，C项parallelto(与……平行的)和D项resistantto(不受……损害的)，可知，B项attributable符合原文语义，即，对于女性来说，这种关联(腹部脂肪越高，流动智力方面的得分越低)可能要归因于腹部脂肪过多所致的免疫力变化。本题答案为B项。
13.【答案】C(involved)
【解析】逻辑关系题。Forwomen与inmen提示对比关系，借助theassociationmaybe12tochangesinimmunity(这种关联可能12免疫力变化)可知，C项involved(使成为必然部分，与be连用时，可理解为“与……有关”)符合原文语义，即，对男性来说，(这种关联)似乎与免疫系统无关;且符合原文逻辑。本题答案为C项。
干扰选项：A项restored(被恢复)，B项isolated(被孤立)和D项controlled(被控制)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
14.【答案】D(explain)
干扰选项：A项alter(改变)，B项spread(展开)和C项remove(去掉)，均不符合原文语义。
15.【答案】D(treatments)
【解析】语境题。借助leadtodifferent15formenandwomen(促成针对女性和男性的不同15)，并结合thesedifferences所指的免疫力与流体智力间二者间的关联在男性和女性中体现不同，可知，D项treatments(疗法)符合原文语义，即，或许会促成针对女性和男性的不同疗法。本题答案为D项。
干扰选项：A项compensations(补偿)，B项symptoms(症状)和C项demands(要求)，均不符合原文语义。
16.【答案】B(Meanwhile)
干扰选项：A项Likewise(同样地)提示并列关系，C项Therefore(因此)提示因果关系，D项Instead(相反地)提示转折关系，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
17.【答案】D(take)
【解析】固定搭配题。takesteps(采取措施)为固定搭配，且符合原文语义，即，您可以采取一些措施来帮助减少腹部脂肪并保持瘦肌肉群。本题答案为D项。
干扰选项：A项change(改变)，B项watch(观察)和C项count(数)，均不能与steps构成符合原文语义的固定搭配。
18.【答案】A(well-being)
【解析】语境题。由protectbothyourphysicalandmental…(保护您身体和心理的……)可知，A项well-being(健康)符合原文语义，即，为了保护您的身心健康。本题答案为A项。
干扰选项：B项process(过程)，C项formation(形成)和D项coordination(协调)，均不符合原文语义。
19.【答案】A(level)
【解析】语境题。结合aerobicexercise(有氧运动)，并比较各选项，A项level(水平)，B项love(热爱)，C项knowledge(知识)和D项space(空间)，可知，A项符合原文语义，即，维持或提高有氧运动水平。本题答案为A项。
20.【答案】C(diet)
【解析】逻辑关系题。and提示并列，借助exercise(锻炼)，并结合空格后highinfiber(高纤维)和eliminateshighlyprocessedfoods(去除高度加工的食品)，可知，C项diet(日常饮食)符合原文逻辑，即，两种强烈推荐的生活方式分别为：维持或提高有氧运动水平，以及遵循高纤维、去除高度加工食品的地中海式饮食习惯。本题答案为C项。
干扰选项：A项design(设计)，B项routine(常规)和D项prescription(药方)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
HowcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfaresIthasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear’srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear’s,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.
Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer....Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.
However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears....Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.
TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,...,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalisationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.
21.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear’sincreaseinrailpassengersfares______.
A.willeasetrainoperators’burden
B.haskeptpacewithinflation
C.isabigsurprisetocommuters
D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure
22.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor______.
A.cardrivers
B.railtravellers
C.localinvestors
D.ordinarytaxpayers
23.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators______.
A.areofferingcompensationtocommuters
B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions
C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice
D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes
24.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface______.
A.thelossofinvestment
B.thecollapseofoperations
C.areductionofrevenue
D.achangeofownership
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext
A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes
B.ConstantComplainingDoesn’tWork
C.CanNationalisationBringHope
D.Ever-RisingFaresAren’tSustainable
21.【答案】D(remainsanunreasonablemeasure)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词railpassengersfares定位到第一段①句。①句没有体现作者的观点，因此往下看一句，定位到②句：Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual...imposingasignificantextraburdenonthose...由grimly(冷酷地，讨厌地)和asignificantextraburden(一个巨大的额外负担)可知，作者对铁路乘客车费上涨的态度是负面的。再根据题干关键词thisyear’sincrease定位到第一段③句：Thisyear’srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear’s,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.(今年平均2.7%的上涨，也许比去年的上涨稍微低一些，但是它仍然远远高于官方消费者物价指数衡量的通货膨胀程度)。由此进一步确定车费上涨是unreasonable(不合理的)。所以本题选D。
22.【答案】B(railtravellers)
【解析】本题为例证题。根据题干关键词stockbroker定位到例子所在句，即第二段②句：Why...shouldacar-drivingpensioner...havetosubsidisethedailycommuteofastockbroker...(为什么一个开车的养老金领取者必须要补贴一个股票经纪人的日常通勤呢)再找到前面的论点句：Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer(历届政府允许这种上涨，因为投资和运营铁路网的成本应该由使用它的人们来承担，而不是一般纳税人)。这段论述认为，没有使用铁路网的一般纳税人如开车的养老金领取者不应该承担铁路网成本，使用铁路网的人如股票经纪人才应该承担此成本。定位句中的stockbroker指的就是论点句中的thosewhouseit。所以本题选B。
23.【答案】C(havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词trainoperators定位到第三段②句：Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel(火车运营商宣扬他们对铁路网作出的改进无可非议，但考虑到乘客如今为出行支付的大量费用，他们理应能够期待基本水平的服务)。可见，火车运营商没能提供合格的服务。所以本题选C。
24.【答案】D(achangeofownership)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers定位到第四段④句：Thethreatofnationalisationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder(国有化的威胁也许暂时可以避免，但是，如果乘客的正当愤怒不能被立即解决，这种威胁会卷土重来)。Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers是ifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder的同义表达。可见，如果铁路公司不能让乘客镇静下来，铁路公司将会面临国有化的威胁，即所有权的变更。所以本题选D。
25.【答案】D(Ever-RisingFaresAren’tSustainable)
Text2
LastyearmarkedthethirdyearinarowofwhenIndonesia’sbleakrateofdeforestationhasslowedinpace.Onereasonfortheturnaroundmaybethecountry’santipovertyprogram.
In2007,Indonesiastartedphasinginaprogramthatgivesmoneytoitspoorestresidentsundercertainconditions,suchasrequiringpeopletokeepkidsinschoolorgetregularmedicalcare.CalledconditionalcashtransfersorCCTs,thesesocialassistanceprogramsaredesignedtoreduceinequalityandbreakthecycleofpoverty....InIndonesia,theprogramhasprovidedenoughfoodandmedicinetosubstantiallyreduceseveregrowthproblemsamongchildren.
ButCCTprogramsdon’tgenerallyconsidereffectsontheenvironment.Infact,povertyalleviationandenvironmentalprotectionareoftenviewedasconflictinggoals,saysPaulFerraro,aneconomistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.
That’sbecauseeconomicgrowthcanbecorrelatedwithenvironmentaldegradation,whileprotectingtheenvironmentissometimescorrelatedwithgreaterpoverty.However,thosecorrelationsdon’tprovecauseandeffect.Theonlypreviousstudyanalyzingcausality,basedonanareainMexicothathadinstitutedCCTs,supportedthetraditionalview.There,aspeoplegotmoremoney,someofthemmayhavemoreclearedlandforcattletoraiseformeat,Ferrarosays.
Suchprogramsdonothavetonegativelyaffecttheenvironment,though.FerrarowantedtoseeifIndonesia’spoverty-alleviationprogramwasaffectingdeforestation....
Ferraroanalyzedsatellitedatashowingannualforestlossfrom2008to2012—includingduringIndonesia’sphase-inoftheantipovertyprogram—in7,468forestedvillagesacross15provincesandmultipleislands.FerraroseparatedtheeffectsoftheCCTprogramonforestlossfromotherfactors,...,“weseethattheprogramisassociatedwitha30percentreductionindeforestation,”Ferrarosays.
That’slikelybecausetheruralpoorareusingthemoneyasmakeshiftinsurancepoliciesagainstinclementweather,Ferrarosays.Typically,ifrainsaredelayed,peoplemayclearlandtoplantmorericetosupplementtheirharvests.WiththeCCTs,individualsinsteadcanusethemoneytosupplementtheirharvests.
Whetherthisresearchtranslateselsewhereisanybody’sguess.FerrarosuggeststheirresultsmaytransfertootherpartsofAsia,duetocommonalitiessuchastheimportanceofgrowingriceandmarketaccess.Andregardlessoftransferability,thestudyshowsthatwhat’sgoodforpeoplemayalsobegoodfortheenvironment,Ferrarosays.Evenifthisprogramdidn’treducepoverty,hesays,“thevalueoftheavoideddeforestationjustforcarbondioxideemissionsaloneismorethantheprogramcosts.”
26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,CCTprogramsaimto______.
A.facilitatehealthcarereform
B.helppoorfamiliesgetbetteroff
C.improvelocaleducationsystems
D.lowerdeforestationrates
27.ThestudybasedonanareainMexicoiscitedtoshowthat______.
A.cattlerearinghasbeenamajormeansoflivelihoodforthepoor
B.CCTprogramshavehelpedpreservetraditionallifestyles
C.antipovertyeffortsrequiretheparticipationoflocalfarmers
D.economicgrowthtendstocauseenvironmentaldegradation
28.InhisstudyaboutIndonesia,Ferrarointendstofindout______.
A.itsacceptancelevelofCCTs
B.itsannualrateofpovertyalleviation
C.therelationofCCTstoitsforestloss
D.theroleofitsforestsinclimatechange
29.AccordingtoFerraro,theCCTprograminIndonesiaismostvaluableinthat______.
A.itwillbenefitotherAsiancountries
B.itwillreduceregionalinequality
C.itcanprotecttheenvironment
D.itcanboostgrainproduction
30.Whatisthetextcenteredon
A.Theeffectsofaprogram.
B.Thedebatesoveraprogram.
C.Theprocessofastudy.
D.Thetransferabilityofastudy.
26.【答案】B(helppoorfamiliesgetbetteroff)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词firsttwoparagraphs，CCTprograms和aimto定位到第二段②句，其中aimto对应aredesignedto：CalledconditionalcashtransfersorCCTs,thesesocialassistanceprogramsaredesignedtoreduceinequalityandbreakthecycleofpoverty。helppoorfamiliesgetbetteroff是对breakthecycleofpoverty的同义替换。所以本题选B。
27.【答案】D(economicgrowthtendstocauseenvironmentaldegradation)
【解析】本题为例证题。根据题干关键词ThestudybasedonanareainMexico定位到第四段③句，再找到前面的论点句：That’sbecauseeconomicgrowthcanbecorrelatedwithenvironmentaldegradation,whileprotectingtheenvironmentissometimescorrelatedwithgreaterpoverty。所以本题选D。
28.【答案】C(therelationofCCTstoitsforestloss)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Indonesia和Ferraro，并结合题文同序原则定位到第五段②句：FerrarowantedtoseeifIndonesia’spoverty-alleviationprogramwasaffectingdeforestation。therelationofCCTstoitsforestloss是对Indonesia’spoverty-alleviationprogramwasaffectingdeforestation的同义替换，其中CCTs对应Indonesia’spoverty-alleviationprogram，forestloss对应deforestation。所以本题选C。
29.【答案】C(itcanprotecttheenvironment)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Ferraro，program和valuable定位到第八段④句：Evenifthisprogramdidn’treducepoverty,hesays,“thevalueoftheavoideddeforestationjustforcarbondioxideemissionsaloneismorethantheprogramcosts.”。由④句可知，Ferraro认为“即使CCT项目不能减少贫困，仅就二氧化碳排放量而言，避免森林砍伐的价值也超过了该项目的成本”。故可推知Ferraro认为CCT项目能够保护环境，因此具有重要价值。所以本题选C。
30.【答案】A(Theeffectsofaprogram.)
Text3
Asahistorianwho’salwayssearchingforthetextortheimagethatmakesusre-evaluatethepast,I’vebecomepreoccupiedwithlookingforphotographsthatshowourVictorianancestorssmiling(whatbetterwaytoshattertheimageof19th-centuryprudery).I’vefoundquiteafew,and—sinceIstartedpostingthemonTwitter—theyhavebeencausingquiteastir.PeoplehavebeensurprisedtoseeevidencethatVictorianshadfunandcould,anddid,laugh.TheyarenotingthattheVictorianssuddenlyseemtobecomemorehumanasthehundred-or-soyearsthatseparateusfadeawaythroughourcommonexperienceoflaughter.
Ofcourse,Ineedtoconcedethatmycollectionof‘SmilingVictorians’makesuponlyatinypercentageofthevastcatalogueofphotographicportraiturecreatedbetween1840and1900,...Howdoweexplainthistrend
Duringthe1840sand1850s,intheearlydaysofphotography,exposuretimeswerenotoriouslylong:thedaguerreotypephotographicmethod(producinganimageonasilveredcopperplate)couldtakeseveralminutestocomplete,..,andsoanon-committalblankstarebecamethenorm.
Butexposuretimesweremuchquickerbythe1880s,andtheintroductionoftheBoxBrownieandotherportablecamerasmeantthat,thoughslowbytoday’sdigitalstandards,theexposurewasalmostinstantaneous.Spontaneoussmileswererelativelyeasytocapturebythe1890s,sowemustlookelsewhereforanexplanationofwhyVictoriansstillhesitatedtosmile.
Oneexplanationmightbethelossofdignitydisplayedthroughacheesygrin.“Naturegaveuslipstoconcealourteeth,”ranonepopularVictoriansaying,alludingtothefactthatbeforethebirthofproperdentistry,mouthswereofteninashockingstateofhygiene.Aflashingsetofhealthyandclean,regular‘pearlywhites’wasararesightinVictoriansociety,thepreserveofthesuper-rich(andeventhen,dentalhygienewasnotguaranteed).
Atoothygrin(especiallywhenthereweregapsorblackenedteeth)lackedclass:drunks,trampsandmusichallperformersmightgurnandgrinwithasmileaswideasLewisCarroll’sgum-exposingCheshireCat,butitwasnotabecominglookforproperlybredpersons.EvenMarkTwain,amanwhoenjoyedaheartylaugh,saidthatwhenitcametophotographicportraitstherecouldbe“nothingmoredamningthanasilly,foolishsmilefixedforever”.
31.AccordingtoParagraph1,theauthor’spostsonTwitter______.
A.changedpeople’simpressionoftheVictorians
B.highlightedsocialmedia’sroleinVictorianstudies
C.re-evaluatedtheVictorians’notionofpublicimage
D.illustratedthedevelopmentofVictorianphotography
32.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheVictorianportraitshehascollected
A.Theyareinpopularuseamonghistorians.
B.Theyarerareamongphotographsofthatage.
C.Theymirror19th-centurysocialconventions.
D.Theyshoweffectsofdifferentexposuretimes.
33.WhatmighthavekepttheVictoriansfromsmilingforpicturesinthe1890s
A.Theirinherentsocialsensitiveness.
B.Theirtensionbeforethecamera.
C.Theirdistrustofnewinventions.
D.Theirunhealthydentalcondition.
34.MarkTwainisquotedtoshowthatthedisapprovalofsmilesinpictureswas______.
A.adeep-rootbelief
B.amisguidedattitude
C.acontroversialview
D.athought-provokingidea
35.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthetextanswer
A.WhydidmostVictorianslooksterninphotographs
B.WhendidtheVictoriansstarttoviewphotographs
C.WhatmadephotographydevelopslowlyintheVictorianperiod
D.Howdidsmilinginphotographsbecomeapost-Victoriannorm
31.【答案】A(changedpeople’simpressionoftheVictorians)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Paragraph1和theauthor’spostsonTwitter定位到第一段②句：I’vefoundquiteafew,and—sinceIstartedpostingthemonTwitter—theyhavebeencausingquiteastir。③句进一步解释stir，即PeoplehavebeensurprisedtoseeevidencethatVictorianshadfunandcould,anddid,laugh。A项changedpeople’simpressionoftheVictorians是对该句的概括。所以本题选A。
32.【答案】B(Theyarerareamongphotographsofthatage.)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词theVictorianportraitshehascollected定位到第二段①句中的mycollectionof‘SmilingVictorians’makesuponlyatinypercentageofthevastcatalogueofphotographicportraiturecreatedbetween1840and1900。Theyarerareamongphotographsofthatage是对makesuponlyatinypercentageofthevastcatalogueofphotographicportraiturecreatedbetween1840and1900的概括总结。所以本题选B。
33.【答案】D(Theirunhealthydentalcondition.)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词kepttheVictoriansfromsmilingforpicturesinthe1890s定位到第四段②句Spontaneoussmileswererelativelyeasytocapturebythe1890s,sowemustlookelsewhereforanexplanationofwhyVictoriansstillhesitatedtosmile。该句指出在19世纪90年代，自然的微笑相对容易捕捉，因此需要寻找其他的原因。紧接着第五段作出另一种可能的解释，其中第五段②句中的beforethebirthofproperdentistry,mouthswereofteninashockingstateofhygiene说明了口腔卫生状况常常令人震惊，导致维多利亚人拍照时不露齿笑，对应了Theirunhealthydentalcondition。所以本题选D。
34.【答案】A(adeep-rootbelief)
【解析】本题为例证题。根据题干关键词MarkTwain定位到第六段②句，该句引用了MarkTwain的具体话语。再向前寻找他所要证明的观点，从而定位到第六段①句Atoothygrin(especiallywhenthereweregapsorblackenedteeth)lackedclass，即“露齿微笑缺少修养”，这是一种根深蒂固的观念，对应A项adeep-rootbelief。所以本题选A。
35.【答案】A(WhydidmostVictorianslooksterninphotographs)
Text4
Fromtheearlydaysofbroadband,advocatesforconsumersandweb-basedcompaniesworriedthatthecableandphonecompaniessellingbroadbandinternetconnectionshadthepowerandincentivetofavortheirownortheirpartners’websitesandservicesoverthoseoftheirrivals.That’swhytherehasbeensuchastrongdemandforrulesthatwouldpreventbroadbandprovidersfrompickingwinnersandlosersonline,preservingthefreedomandinnovationthathavebeenthelifebloodoftheinternet.
Yetthatdemandhasbeenalmostimpossibletofill—inpartbecauseofpushbackfrombroadbandproviders,...,itonlyprolongedthefight.AtissuebeforetheU.S.CourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbiaCircuitwasthelatesttakeoftheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)onnetneutrality,adoptedonaparty-linevotein2017.TheRepublican-pennedordernotonlyeliminatedthestrictnetneutralityrulestheFCChadadoptedwhenithadaDemocraticmajorityin2015,butrejectedthecommission’sauthoritytorequirebroadbandproviderstodomuchofanythingbeyonddisclosinginformationabouttheirservices.Theorderalsodeclaredthatstateandlocalgovernmentscouldn’tregulatebroadbandproviderseither.
ThecommissionarguedthattheFederalTradeCommissionandtheU.S.DepartmentofJusticewouldprotectconsumersandwebsitesagainstanti-competitivebehavior,suchasabroadband-providingconglomeratelikeAT&Tfavoringitsownvideo-streamingserviceattheexpenseofNetflixandAppleTV.YettheFCCalsoendedtheinvestigationsofbroadbandprovidersthatimposeddatacapsontheirrivals’streamingservicesbutnottheirown.
OnTuesday,theappealscourtunanimouslyupheldthe2017orderderegulatingbroadbandproviders,...,”andsaidCongressortheSupremeCourtcouldinterveneto“avoidtrappinginternetregulationintechnologicalanachronism.”
Inthemeantime,thecourtthrewouttheFCC’sattempttoblockallstaterulesonnetneutrality,whilepreservingthecommission’spowertopreemptindividualstatelawsthatundermineitsorder....,whichenactedatoughnetneutralitylawinthewakeoftheFCC’sabdication.
Theendlesslegalbattlesandback-and-forthattheFCCcryoutforCongresstoact.Itneedstogivethecommissionexplicitauthorityonceandforalltobarbroadbandprovidersfrommeddlinginthetrafficontheirnetworkandtocreateclearrulesprotectingopennessandinnovationonline.
36.Therehaslongbeenconcernthatbroadbandproviderswould______.
A.bringweb-basedfirmsundercontrol
B.slowdownthetrafficontheirnetwork
C.showpartialityintreatingclients
D.intensifycompetitionwiththeirrivals
37.Facedwiththedemandfornetneutralityrules,theFCC______.
A.stickstoanout-of-dateorder
B.takesananti-regulatorystance
C.hasissuedaspecialresolution
D.hasallowedthestatestointervene
38.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAT&TfromParagraph3
A.Itprotectsagainstunfaircompetition.
B.
Itengagesinanti-competitivepractices.
C.ItisundertheFCC’sinvestigation.
D.Itisinpursuitofqualityservice.
39.JudgePatriciaMillettarguesthattheappealscourt’sdecision______.
A.focusesontrivialities
B.conveysanambiguousmessage
C.isatoddswithitsearlierrulings
D.isoutoftouchwithreality
40.Whatdoestheauthorargueinthelastparagraph
A.Congressneedstotakeactiontoensurenetneutrality.
B.TheFCCshouldbeputunderstrictsupervision.
C.Rulesneedtobesettodiversifyonlineservices.
D.Broadbandproviders’rightsshouldbeprotected.
36.【答案】C(showpartialityintreatingclients)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词longbeenconcernthatbroadbandproviders定位到第一段①句：Fromtheearlydaysofbroadband,advocatesforconsumersandweb-basedcompaniesworriedthatthecableandphonecompaniessellingbroadbandinternetconnectionshadthepowerandincentivetofavortheirownortheirpartners’websitesandservicesoverthoseoftheirrivals，题干中long与文中Fromtheearlydaysofbroadband对应，concern与worried对应，thecableandphonecompaniessellingbroadbandinternetconnections与broadbandproviders对应。showpartialityintreatingclients(不公平对待客户)是对favortheirownortheirpartners’websitesandservicesoverthoseoftheirrivals(相对于竞争对手的网站和服务，它们偏袒自己或合作伙伴的)的合理推断。所以本题选C。
37.【答案】B(takesananti-regulatorystance)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词neutralityrules和theFCC定位到第二段③④句，且由④⑤句TheRepublican-pennedorder…Theorderalso…可知，⑤句与④句并列。③句指出“在哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院问题的焦点是FCC针对网络中立性的最新观点”;④句阐释FCC的最新观点(其中句首TheRepublican-pennedorder字面意思为“由共和党执笔的规定”，根据④句提到的whenithadaDemocraticmajorityin2015，即“2015年民主党人占FCC的多数”可推知，TheRepublican-pennedorder出台时共和党人占FCC的多数，故The…order指代“FCC的规定”，也即③句所述FCC的最新观点)：不仅取消了严格的网络中立性规则，而且拒绝了该委员会要求宽带提供商除了披露其服务信息之外做其他任何事情的权力;⑤句补充指出：该规定还宣布州和地方政府也不能监管宽带提供商。综上可推知，FCC采取反监管立场。所以本题选B。
【注】本题也可借助第五段首句提到的theFCC’sattempttoblockallstaterulesonnetneutrality(FCC试图阻止所有关于网络中立性的州规)解题，据此推知FCC的立场是“反对监管”。
38.【答案】B(Itengagesinanti-competitivepractices.)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词AT&T定位到第三段①句：ThecommissionarguedthattheFederalTradeCommissionandtheU.S.DepartmentofJusticewouldprotectconsumersandwebsitesagainstanti-competitivebehavior,suchasabroadband-providingconglomeratelikeAT&Tfavoringitsownvideo-streamingserviceattheexpenseofNetflixandAppleTV。由suchas引出事例的功能可知，abroadband-providingconglomeratelikeAT&Tfavoringitsownvideo-streamingservice...是以AT&T为例，对anti-competitivebehavior(反竞争行为)予以说明，因此可知AT&T参与了反竞争行为。所以本题选B。
39.【答案】D(isoutoftouchwithreality)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词JudgePatriciaMillett定位到第四段②句：ButJudgePatriciaMillettrightlyarguedinaconcurringopinionthat“theresultisunhingedfromtherealitiesofmodernbroadbandservice,”andsaid...，结合①句(OnTuesday,theappealscourtunanimouslyupheldthe2017order...)可知，引号中theresult指代题干中的theappealscourt’sdecision。isoutoftouchwithreality(脱离现实)是对isunhingedfromtherealitiesofmodernbroadbandservice(脱离了现代宽带服务的现实)的同义替换。所以本题选D。
40.【答案】A(Congressneedstotakeactiontoensurenetneutrality.)
【解析】本题为推断题。根据thelastparagraph定位到最后一段。本段首句指出“没完没了的法律斗争和联邦通信委员会的反反复复迫切需要国会采取行动”，第二句进一步介绍国会应采取的行动(句首It指代Congress)：需要给予委员会明确的权力，一劳永逸地禁止宽带提供商干预其网络上的流量，并制定明确的规则来保护网络的开放性和创新。Congressneedstotakeactiontoensurenetneutrality(国会需要采取行动确保网络中立)是对本段内容的合理推断，其中takeaction与首句中act对应，toensurenetneutrality是对tobarbroadbandprovidersfrommeddlinginthetrafficontheirnetworkandtocreateclearrulesprotectingopennessandinnovationonline的概括总结。所以本题选A。
PartB
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41~45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA~Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Inthemoviesandontelevision,artificialintelligenceistypicallydepictedassomethingsinisterthatwillupendourwayoflife.WhenitcomestoAIinbusiness,weoftenhearaboutitinrelationtoautomationandtheimpendinglossofjobs,butinwhatwaysisAIchangingcompaniesandthelargereconomythatdon’tinvolvedoom-and-gloommassunemploymentpredictions
ArecentsurveyofmanufacturingandserviceindustriesfromTataConsultancyServicesfoundthatcompaniescurrentlyuseAImoreoftenincomputer-to-computeractivitiesthaninautomatinghumanactivities.OnecommonapplicationPreventingelectronicsecuritybreaches,which,ratherthaneliminatingITjobs,actuallymakesthosepersonnelmorevaluabletoemployers,becausetheyhelpfirmspreventhackingattempts.
HereareafewotherwaysAIisaidingcompanieswithoutreplacingemployees:
Betterhiringpractices
Companiesareusingartificialintelligencetoremovesomeoftheunconsciousbiasfromhiringdecisions.“Thereareexperimentsthatshowthat,naturally,theresultsofinterviewsaremuchmorebiasedthanwhatAIdoes,”saysPedroDomingos,authorofTheMasterAlgorithm:HowtheQuestfortheUltimateLearningMachineWillRemakeOurWorldandacomputerscienceprofessorattheUniversityofWashington.Inaddition,“41._______________”Onecompanythat’sdoingthisiscalledBlendoor.Itusesanalyticstohelpidentifywheretheremaybebiasinthehiringprocess.
Moreeffectivemarketing
SomeAIsoftwarecananalyzeandoptimizemarketingemailsubjectlinestoincreaseopenrates.OnecompanyintheUK,Phrasee,claimstheirsoftwarecanoutperformhumansbyupto10percentwhenitcomestoemailopenrates.Thiscanmeanmillionsmoreinrevenue.42._______________Theseare“toolsthathelppeopleusedata,notareplacementforpeople,”saysPatrickH.Winston,aprofessorofartificialintelligenceandcomputerscienceatMIT.
Savingcustomersmoney
EnergycompaniescanuseAItohelpcustomersreducetheirelectricitybills,savingthemmoneywhilehelpingtheenvironment.Companiescanalsooptimizetheirownenergyuseandcutdownonthecostofelectricity.Insurancecompanies,meanwhile,canbasetheirpremiumsonAImodelsthatmoreaccuratelyaccessrisk.Domingossays,“43._______________”
Improvedaccuracy
“Machinelearningoftenprovidesamorereliableformofstatistics,whichmakesdatamorevaluable,”saysWinston.It“helpspeoplemakesmarterdecisions.”44._______________
Protectingandmaintaininginfrastructure
Anumberofcompanies,particularlyinenergyandtransportation,useAIimageprocessingtechnologytoinspectinfrastructureandpreventequipmentfailureorleaksbeforetheyhappen.“Iftheyfailfirstandthenyoufixthem,it’sveryexpensive,”saysDomingos.“45._______________”
[A]AIreplacestheboringparts.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.
[B]Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.
[C]TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisio,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdwords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillbemosteffective.
[D]Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.
[E]Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcostthecompanymoney.
[F]We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.
[G]AIlooksatrésumésingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.
41.【答案】G(AIlooksatrésumésingreaternumbersthan...)
【解析】
41题标题为Betterhiringpractices(更好的雇佣选择)，空前有hiringdecisions(雇佣决定)和interviews(面试)，这些话题与G项résumés(简历)和candidates(候选者)相符，且在文意上也是顺承。所以本题选G。
42.【答案】C(TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisio,whichanalyzes...)
42题空前提到OnecompanyintheUK,Phrasee(一家在英国名为Phrasee的公司)，与C项中TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisio(也有像Acquisio这样的公司)匹配。所以本题选C。
43.【答案】E(Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighrisk...)
43题空前提到Insurancecompany(保险公司)和risk(风险)等词，与E项insure(承保)和highrisk(高风险)匹配，且43题空前和E项都是围绕“AI对保险公司和保险人的帮助”展开的。所以本题选E。
44.【答案】B(Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreview...)
44题的小标题Improvedaccuracy(提高准确性)与B项中isfasterandmoreaccurate(更快更准确)相匹配，且B项...anAIsystem...helpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit...isfasterandmoreaccurate(AI系统在审计期间帮助审查合同，更快更准确)是一个论证AI提高准确性的事例，与本段小标题即中心相符。所以本题选B。
45.【答案】D(Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowand...)
PartC
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
WWIIwasthewatershedeventforhighereducationinmodernWesternsocieties.(46)Thosesocietiescameoutofthewarwithlevelsofenrollmentthathadbeenroughlyconstantat3-5%oftherelevantagegroupsduringthedecadesbeforethewar.Butafterthewar,greatsocialandpoliticalchangesarisingoutofthesuccessfulwaragainstFascismcreatedagrowingdemandinEuropeanandAmericaneconomiesforincreasingnumbersofgraduateswithmorethanasecondaryschooleducation.(47)Andthedemandthatroseinthosesocietiesforentrytohighereducationextendedtogroupsandsocialclassesthathadnotthoughtofattendingauniversitybeforethewar.Thesedemandsresultedinaveryrapidexpansionofthesystemsofhighereducation,beginninginthe1960sanddevelopingveryrapidlythoughunevenlyinthe1970sand1980s.
Thegrowthofhighereducationmanifestsitselfinatleastthreequitedifferentways,andtheseinturnhavegivenrisetodifferentsetsofproblems.Therewasfirsttherateofgrowth:(48)inmanycountriesofWesternEurope,thenumbersofstudentsinhighereducationdoubledwithinfive-yearperiodsduringthe1960sanddoubledagaininseven,eight,or10yearsbythemiddleofthe1970s.Second,growthobviouslyaffectedtheabsolutesizebothofsystemsandindividualinstitutions.Andthird,growthwasreflectedinchangesintheproportionoftherelevantagegroupenrolledininstitutionsofhighereducation.
46.Thosesocietiescameoutofthewarwithlevelsofenrollmentthathadbeenroughlyconstantat3-5%oftherelevantagegroupsduringthedecadesbeforethewar.
【译文】二战结束后，这些西方社会有一定的高等教育水平(1分)，在战前几十年间(0.5分)，该水平大概保持在相对年龄群体的3%到5%(0.5分)。
【重难点】本句的主句为thosesocieties…enrollment，定语从句thathadbeen…decadesbeforethewar修饰levelsofenrollment;其中，thosesocieties指代前句Westernsocieties，译为“这些西方社会”，thewar指代前文WWII(第二次世界大战)，译为“二战”，enrollment意为“入学”，withlevelsofenrollment为状语，修饰cameoutof。
47.Andthedemandthatroseinthosesocietiesforentrytohighereducationextendedtogroupsandsocialclassesthathadnotthoughtofattendingauniversitybeforethewar.
【译文】在这些社会中兴起的接受高等教育的需求(1分)，扩展到了一些群体和社会阶层(0.5分)，这些群体和社会阶层在战前没想过上大学(0.5分)。
【重难点】本句的主句为Andthedemandextendedtogroupsandsocialclasses;定语从句thatroseinthose…education修饰demand，放先行词前译出。thathadnotthought…thewar也是定语从句，修饰groupsandsocialclasses，从句较长，重复先行词单独译出从句，译为“这些群体和社会阶层在战前没想过上大学”;其中，socialclass意为“社会阶层”。
48.inmanycountriesofWesternEurope,thenumbersofstudentsinhighereducationdoubledwithinfive-yearperiodsduringthe1960sanddoubledagaininseven,eight,or10yearsbythemiddleofthe1970s.
【译文】在西欧的许多国家(0.5分)，接受高等教育的学生数量在20世纪60年代的五年期内翻了一番(1分)，到20世纪70年代中期，该数量又在七年、八年或十年内翻了一番(0.5分)。
49.…andwhenthenewstaffarepredominantlyyoungmenandwomenfreshfrompostgraduatestudy,theylargelydefinethenormsofacademiclifeinthatfaculty.
【译文】且当新员工主要是刚从研究生阶段毕业的年轻男女时(1分)，他们很大程度上决定了该院系的学术生活规范(1分)。
50.Highgrowthratesincreasedthechancesforacademicinnovation;theyalsoweakenedtheformsandprocessesbywhichteachersandstudentsareadmittedintoacommunityofscholarsduringperiodsofstabilityorslowgrowth.
第二次世界大战是现代西方社会高等教育的分水岭。（46）战争结束后，这些西方社会有一定的高等教育水平，在战前几十年间，该水平大概保持在相对年龄群体的3%到5%。但在二战之后，反法西斯战争的胜利引起了巨大的社会和政治变革，这使欧洲和美国的经济对接受过中学以上教育的毕业生需求越来越大。（47）在这些社会中兴起的接受高等教育的需求，扩展到了一些群体和社会阶层，这些群体和社会阶层在战前没想过上大学。这些需求导致了高等教育系统的迅速扩张——始于20世纪60年代，到20世纪70年代和80年代虽不均衡但发展得十分迅猛。
以上三种增长的相应表现都伴随着其特有的问题。例如，高增长率对现有的管理、行政、尤其是社会化结构造成很大的压力。当一个学院或系在三到四年内，从比如说5名成员发展到20名成员时，（49）且当新员工主要是刚从研究生阶段毕业的年轻男女时，他们很大程度上决定了该院系的学术生活规范。如果研究生人数也增长迅速，教师和学生之间将失去亲密的学徒关系，学生文化将成为研究生新生的主要社交力量，这会影响学校的思想和学术生活——这些影响在美国、法国、意大利、西德和日本都能看到。（50）高增长率增加了学术创新的可能性，同样也弱化了形式和过程——稳定或缓慢增长期学者团体接收教师或学生的形式和过程。20世纪60年代和70年代，欧洲大学的管理措施发生了显著的变化，赋予了初级教员和一定量的学生权力。
SectionIIIWriting
51.Directions:
AforeignfriendofyourshasrecentlygraduatedfromcollegeandintendstofindajobinChina.Writehim/heranemailtomakesomesuggestions.
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.
Donotuseyourownnameintheemail;use“LiMing”instead.(10points)
【审题】
应用文类型
建议信，由suggestions可判断。
收信人
aforeignfriendofyours
写信背景
AforeignfriendofyourshasrecentlygraduatedfromcollegeandintendstofindajobinChina
内容要点
makesomesuggestions
署名
LiMing
【参考范文】
DearFriend,
IamwritingthisemailtoyoutomakesuggestionsforyourjobhuntinginChina.
Foronething,itwouldbegreatlyappreciatedifyoucoulddressformallyfortheinterviewbecauseitisbeneficialforshowingyoursincerityandleavingagoodimpression.Foranother,itisadvisabletodisplayyourconfidencewhenansweringquestions,becauseemployersaremorelikelytojudgeyourcapacitybyyourexternalperformance.
Isincerelyhopethatmyadvicecandrawyourattentionandwishyoutofindadesirablejob.
Sincerelyyours,
【语言素材】
1.建议求职时要目标明确。
Itisadvisabletohuntforajobwithacleartarget.
2.多和面试官进行眼神沟通可能会取得更好的效果。
Makingmoreeyecontactwiththeinterviewerwouldyieldbetterresults.
3.在面试中保持微笑会有助于拉近与面试官之间的距离。
Itishelpfulforyoutosmileduringtheinterviewprocesstogetclosertotheinterviewer.
52.Directions:
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould
1)describethepicturebriefly,
2)interprettheimpliedmeaning,and
3)giveyourcomments.
WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)
图画类型
图画说明
写作主题
一幅图
一个父亲和穿着戏服的孩子在对话。孩子问：“爸爸，好多同学说唱戏不好玩”，爸爸告诉他“你不是喜欢吗？那就够了”。
自信
Asisvividlydepictedinthephoto,afatherandhissoninacostumearehavingaconversation,whichsuccessfullyattractsourattention.Whatmakesthephotomoreattractiveisthefactthatthekidsaysunhappily,“Dad,myclassmatesconsiderChineseoperaboring”,whilehisfatherreplies,“Itisgoodenoughaslongasyoulikeit.”Clearly,thephotohasshownanimpliedmeaningthatitisimportanttobeconfident,whichneedstobegivenfurtheranalysis.
Whathasbeenconveyedintheabovepictureisthatself-confidenceplaysavitalroleinourdailylife.Tobeginwith,duringourlifetime,therewillalwaysbeoccasionswhenweencounterchallengesandgetintoratherdifficultsituations.Themainadvantageofself-confidenceisthatitgivesusthestrengthtoovercomedifficultiesandtheresolutiontosolveproblems.Besides,itissuchapositiveattitudethatdrivesustomoveforwardandachieveourgoals.Evenifsometimesthingsdon’tgoyourway,youstillbelievethattheyeventuallywill.
Self-confidenceisn’tinbornbutacquired.Itcanbelearned,practiced,andmastered—justlikeanyotherskill.Onceyouacquireit,everythinginyourlifeisgoingtochangeforthebetter.
1.其他主题
(1)坚持自己的兴趣爱好sticktoyourinterests
(2)文化自信strengthenculturalconfidence
(3)鼓励培养个人兴趣encouragepersonalinterests
2.作用分析
(1)有了自信，你就能从消极想法中解脱出来，采取符合自己价值观的行动。
Withconfidence,you’llbeabletobefreedfromyournegativethoughtsandtakeactioninlinewithyourvalues.
(2)对一些人来说，坚持自己的兴趣可能是决定因素，因为基于兴趣的职业选择能带来个人满足感和职业上的成功。
Stickingtopersonalinterestsmaybethedecidingfactorforsomebecauseacareerchoicebasedoninterestscanbringthempersonalsatisfactionandprofessionalsuccess.