中华人民共和国刑法（修正）CRIMINALLAWOFTHEPEOPLE'SREPUBLICOFCHINA（AdoptedattheSecondSessionoftheFifthNationalPeople'sCongressonJuly1，1979，revisedattheFifthSessionoftheEighthNationalPeople'sCongressonMarch14，1997）颁布日期：19970314实施日期：19790701颁布单位：全国人大
ContentsPartOneGeneralProvisions
ChapterITheTasks，BasicPrinciplesandScopeofApplicationoftheCriminalLaw
ChapterIICrimes
Section1CrimesandCriminalResponsibility
Section2PreparationforaCrime，CriminalAttemptandDiscontinuationofaCrime
Section4Crimescommittedbyaunit
ChapterIIIPunishments
Section1TypesofPunishments
Section2PublicSurveillance
Section5TheDeathPenalty
Section6Fines
ChapterIVTheConcreteApplicationofPunishments
Section1Sentencing
Section2Recidivists
Section4CombinedPunishmentforSeveralCrimes
Section5SuspensionofSentence
Section6CommutationofPunishment
Section7Parole
Section8Limitation
ChapterVOtherProvisionsPartTwoSpecificProvisions
ChapterICrimesofEndangeringtheStateSecurity
ChapterIICrimesofEndangeringPublicSecurity
Section1CrimesofProductionandSaleofFakeorSubstandardCommodities
Section5CrimesofFinancialFraud
Section6CrimesofEndangeringTaxesCollectionandAdministration
Section8CrimesofDisturbingMarketOrder
ChapterIVCrimesofInfringingupontheRightsofthePersonandtheDemocraticRightsofCitizens
Section1CrimesofDisturbingPublicOrder
Section3CrimesofImpairingRegulationsofNationalBoundary（Borderline）
Section5CrimesofEndangeringPublicHealth
Section6CrimesofUnderminingProtectionofEnvironmentalResource
ChapterVIICrimesofEndangeringInterestsofNationalDefence
ChapterIXCrimesofDerelictionofDuty
PartOneGeneralProvisions
Article4Anyonewhocommitacrimeshallbeequalinapplyingthelaw.Nooneisprivilegedtobebeyondthelaw.
Article5Thelightnessorheavinessofthepunishmentsshallbeinaccordancewiththecriminalactsandthecriminalresponsibilityofthecriminals.
Article6ThisLawisapplicabletoanyonewhocommitsacrimewithintheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChina，unlessthecaseiscoveredbyspeciallegalprovisions.
ThisLawisalsoapplicabletoanyonewhocommitsacrimeonboardashiporanaircraftofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.
IfthecriminalactoritsconsequencetakesplacewithintheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChina，thecrimeshallbedeemedtohavebeencommittedwithintheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.
Article7ThisLawisapplicabletothecitizensofthePeople'sRepublicofChinawhocommitcrimesprescribedinthisLawoutsidetheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChina；however，theymaynotbeinvestigatedifforthosecrimesthisLawprescribesamaximumpunishmentoffixed-termimprisonmentofnotmorethanthreeyears.
Article8ThisLawmaybeapplicabletoanyforeignerwhocommitsacrimeoutsidetheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChina，againstthestateofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaoragainstitscitizens，ifforthatcrimethisLawprescribesaminimumpunishmentoffixed-termimprisonmentofnotlessthanthreeyears；however，thisdoesnotapplytoacrimethatisnotpunishableaccordingtothelawoftheplacewhereitwascommitted.
Criminalresponsibilityshallbeborneforintentionalcrimes.
Criminalresponsibilityshallbebornefornegligentcrimesonlywhenthelawsoprovides.
Article16Ifanactinfactresultsinharmfulconsequencesduetounavoidableorunforeseeablecausesratherthanintentornegligence，itshallnotbeacrime.
Article17Anypersonwhohasreachedtheageof16andwhocommitsacrimeshallbearcriminalresponsibility.
Anypersonwhohasreachedtheageof14butnottheageof18andwhocommitsacrimeshallbegivenalighterormitigatedpunishment.
Anymentalpatientwhodoesnotlosecompletelytheabilitytorecognizeorcontrolhisownconductandcommitsacrimeshallbearcriminalresponsibility，buthemaybegivenalighterormitigatedpunishment.
Article19Anydeaf-muteorblindpersonwhocommitsacrimemaybegivenalighterormitigatedpunishmentorbeexemptedfrompunishment.
Whereadefenceisconductedtoanimmediateviolentcrimeofcommittingphysicalassault，committinghomicide，robbery，rape，kidnapping，andothercrimesseriouslyendangeringthesecurityofaperson，anditcausesbodilyinjurordeathtotheunlawfulinfringer，suchanactshallnotbedefencethatexceedsthelimitsofnecessity，andcriminalresponsibilityshallnotbeborneforsuchanact.
Article21Criminalresponsibilityshallnotbeborneforanactthatapersoniscompelledtocommitinanemergencytoavertanimmediatedangertothestate'sinterestorthepublicinterestortohisownoranotherperson'srightsofthepersonorpropertyrightsorotherrights，andthatcausesharm.
Article22Preparationforacrimereferstothepreparationoftheinstrumentsorthecreationoftheconditionsforacrime.
Article23Acriminalattemptreferstoacasewhereanoffenderhasalreadybeguntocommitacrimebutispreventedfromcompletingitforreasonsindependentofhiswill.
Anoffenderwhoattemptstocommitacrimemay，incomparisonwithonewhocompletedthecrime，begivenalighterormitigatedpunishment.
Article24Discontinuationofacrimereferstocaseswhere，intheprocessofcommittingacrime，theoffendervoluntarilyquitscontinuingthecrimeorvoluntarilyandeffectivelypreventstheconsequencesofthecrimefromoccurring.
Whereanoffenderwhodiscontinuesacrimeandcausesnoharm，exemptedfrompunishmentshallbegiven；whereanoffendercausesharm，amitigatedpunishmentshallbegiven.
Section3JointCrimes
Anegligentcrimecommittedbytwoormorepersonsjointlyshallnotbepunishedasajointcrime；thosewhoshouldbearcriminalresponsibilityshallbeindividuallypunishedaccordingtothecrimestheyhavecommitted.
Article26Aprincipalcriminalreferstoanypersonwhoorganizesandleadsacriminalgroupincarryingoutcriminalactivitiesorplaysaprincipalroleinajointcrime.
Aringleaderwhoorganizesandleadsacriminalgroupshallbegivenapunishmentaccordingtoallthecrimesthegrouphascommitted.
Anaccompliceshallbegivenalighterormitigatedpunishmentorbeexemptedfrompunishment.
Article28Apersonwhoiscompelledtoparticipateinacrimeshall，accordingtothecircumstancesofhiscrime，begivenamitigatedpunishmentorbeexemptedfrompunishment.
Section4CrimesCommittedbyaUnit
Article30Acompany，enterprise，institution，organ，orpublicorganizationthatconductsanactharmfultosociety，wheresuchanactisstipulatedasacrime，shallbearcriminalresponsibility.
Article32Punishmentsaredividedintoprincipalpunishmentsandsupplementarypunishments.
Article33Theprincipalpunishmentsareasfollows：
（1）publicsurveillance；
（2）criminaldetention；
（3）fixed-termimprisonment；
（4）lifeimprisonment；and
（5）thedeathpenalty.
Article34Thesupplementarypunishmentsareasfollows：
（1）fines；
（2）deprivationofpoliticalrights；and
（3）confiscationofproperty.
Supplementarypunishmentsmaybeimposedindependently.
Article36Ifavictimhassufferedeconomiclossesasaresultofacrime，thecriminalshall，inadditiontoreceivingacriminalsanctionaccordingtolaw，besentencedtomakecompensationfortheeconomiclossesinthelightofthecircumstances.
Ifacriminalwhobearscivilresponsibilityandispunishedwithafineinthemeantime，hasnoenoughpropertytopayoff，orispunishedwithconfiscationofproperty，heshallfirstbearresponsibilityofcivilcompensationtothevictim.
Section2PublicSurveillance（*1）
Article38Thetermofpublicsurveillanceshallnotbelessthanthreemonthsandnotmorethantwoyears.
Whereacriminalissentencedtopublicsurveillance，hissentenceshallbeexecutedbyapublicsecurityorgan.
Article39Acriminalwhoissentencedtopublicsurveillancemustobservethefollowingrulesduringtheterminwhichhissentenceisbeingexecuted：
（3）reportonhisownactivitiesaccordingtothedemandoftheorganexecutingthepublicsurveillance；
（4）observethestipulationonmeetingwithguestsbytheorganexecutingthepublicsurveillance；and
（5）reportandobtainapprovalfromtheorganexecutingpublicsurveillancefordeparturefromthecountyorcitywherehelivesorchangeinresidence.
Criminalssentencedtopublicsurveillanceshall，whileengagedinlabour，receiveequalpayforequalwork.
Section3CriminalDetention
Article42Atermofcriminaldetentionshallnotbelessthan1monthsandnotmorethan6months.
Article43Whereacriminalissentencedtocriminaldetention，hissentenceshallbeexecutedbythepublicsecurityorganinthevicinity.
Duringtheperiodofexecution，acriminalsentencedtocriminaldetentionmaygohomeforonetotwodayseachmonth；anappropriateremunerationmaybegiventothosewhoparticipateinlabour.
Article44Atermofcriminaldetentionshallbecountedfromthedatethejudgmentbeginstobeexecuted；ifthecriminalisheldincustodybeforetheexecutionofthejudgment，eachdayincustodyshallbeconsideredasonedayofthetermsentenced.
Section4Fixed-TermImprisonmentandLifeImprisonment
Article45Atermoffixed-termimprisonment，unlessotherwisestipulatedinArticle50andArticle69，shallnotbelessthan6monthsandnotmorethan15years.
Article46Acriminalsentencedtofixed-termimprisonmentorlifeimprisonmentshallservehissentenceinprisonoranotherplaceforexecution.Anyonewhoisabletoworkshallparticipateinlabour，andacceptseducationandreform.
Article47Atermoffixed-termimprisonmentshallbecountedfromthedatethejudgmentbeginstobeexecuted；ifthecriminalisheldincustodybeforetheexecutionofthejudgment，eachdayincustodyshallbeconsideredasonedayofthetermsentenced.
Article49Thedeathpenaltyshallnotbeimposedonpersonswhohadnotreachedtheageof18atthetimethecrimewascommittedortowomenwhoarepregnantatthetimeoftrial.
Article51Thetermofsuspensionofexecutionofadeathpenaltyshallbecountedfromthedatethejudgmentbecomesfinal.Thetermofafixed-termimprisonmentthatiscommutedfromadeathpenaltywithsuspensionofexecutionshallbecountedfromthedateofexpirationofthetermofsuspensionofexecutionofadeath.
Article52Theamountofanyfineimposedshallbedeterminedaccordingtothecircumstancesofthecrime.
Section7DeprivationofPoliticalRights
Article54Deprivationofpoliticalrightsreferstodeprivationofthefollowingrights：
（1）therighttovoteandtostandforelection；
（2）therightsoffreedomofspeech，ofthepress，ofassembly，ofassociation，ofprocession，andofdemonstration；
（3）therighttoholdapositioninastateorgan；and
（4）therighttoholdaleadingpositioninanystate-ownedcompanyorenterprise，institutionorpeople'sorganization.
Article55Atermofdeprivationofpoliticalrightsshallnotbelessthanoneyearandnotmorethanfiveyears，exceptasstipulatedinArticle57ofthisLaw.
Ifapersonsentencedtopublicsurveillanceisdeprivedofpoliticalrightsasasupplementarypunishment，thetermofdeprivationofpoliticalrightsshallbethesameasthetermofpublicsurveillance，andthepunishmentsshallbeexecutedsimultaneously.
Article56Criminalswhocommitcrimesofendangeringthestatesecurityshallbesentencedtodeprivationofpoliticalrightsasasupplementarypunishment；Criminalswhocommitcrimesofintentionalhomicide，rape，arson，causingexplosion，spreadingpoisons，robberyandothercrimeswhichseriouslyunderminepublicordermayalsobesentencedtodeprivationofpoliticalrightsasasupplementarypunishment.
Ifdeprivationofpoliticalrightsisimposedindependently，stipulationoftheSpecificProvisionsofthisLawshallbeapplied.
Article57Criminalswhoaresentencedtodeathortolifeimprisonmentshallbedeprivedofpoliticalrightsforlife.
Ifadeathpenaltywithasuspensionofexecutioniscommutedtoafixed-termimprisonment，oralifeimprisonmentiscommutedtoafixed-termimprisonment，thetermofthesupplementarypunishmentofdeprivationofpoliticalrightsshallbechangedtonotlessthanthreeyearsandnotmorethantenyears.
Article58Atermofdeprivationofpoliticalrightsasasupplementarypunishmentshallbecountedfromthedateonwhichimprisonmentorcriminaldetentionendsorfromthedateonwhichparolebegins.Deprivationofpoliticalrightsshallofcoursebeineffectduringtheperiodinwhichtheprincipalpunishmentisbeingexecuted.
Section8ConfiscationofProperty
Whenasentenceofconfiscationofpropertyisimposed，propertythatthecriminal'sfamilymembersownorshouldownshallnotbesubjecttoconfiscation.