1、法律渊源souiceoflaw制定法statute判例法caselaw;piecedent普通法conuiionlaw特别法speciallaw固有法nativelaw;indigenouslaw继受法adoptedlaw实体法substantiallaw程序法procedurallaw原则法fundamentallaw例外法exceptionlaw司法解释judicialmteipietation习惯法customaiylaw公序良俗publicorderandmoral自然法naturallaw罗马法RomanLaw私法privatelaw公法publiclaw市民法juscivile万民
3、ngnoim民法基本原则ftindamentalprinciplesofcivillaw平等原则principleofequality自愿原则principleoffreewill公平原则principleofjustice等价有偿原则pimcipleofequalvalueexcliange诚实信用原则pimcipleofgoodfaith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawfulact违法行为unlawfulact民事权利权利能力civilright绝对权absoluteright相对权relativeright优先权rightofpnonty先买权preemption原
4、权antecedentlight救济权riglitofrelief支配权rightofdonuiuon请求权rightofclaim物上请求权nglitofclaunfbirealthing形成权rightoffbimation撤销权rightofclaimingcancellanon1/15法神英语否认权rightofclanmiigcancellation解除权iiglitofrenouncement代位权subiogatednglit选择权nglitofchoice承认权nglitofadnussion终11：权nglitofteimination抗辩权nglitofdefense，时性
5、抗辩权momentaiyrightofdefense永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-aigumentnglit不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argumentright同时履行抗辩权defenselightofsimultaneousperformance既得权testedright期待权expectantright专属权exclusivelight非专属权non-exckisiveright人身权利personalright人权humanright人格权rightofpersonality生命健康权rightoflifeandhealth姓名权iigiitofname
6、名称权lightofname肖像权rightofpoitiainne自由权rightoffieedom名誉权riglitreputation隐私权nghtofpnvacy私生活秘密权nglitofprivacy贞操权viiginityright身份权nglitofstatus亲权parentalpower;paientalright亲属权lightofrelative探视权visitationright配偶权rightofspouse荣誉权rightofhonor权利的保护piotectionofright公力救济publicprotection私力救济self-piotection权利本位s
7、tandardofnglit社会本位standardofsociety无责任行为mesponsibleright正当防卫justifiableright;ligitnnatedefence防卫行为actofdefence自为If为self-conductingact紧急避险actofrescue,necessity自助行为actofself-help不可抗力forcemajeuie意外事件accident行为能力capacityfoiact意、思能力capacityofwill民事行为civilact意思表示declaiationofintention意思表示一致meetingofminds;
8、consensus完全行为能力perfectcapacityfoiact限制行为能力restrictivecapacityforact准禁治产人quasi-mteidictedperson保佐protection自治产人ininoiwhoiscapableofadnunistennghisowncapacity无行为能力mcapacityforact禁治产人interdictedperson自然人natuialpeison公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地fiequentlydwellingplace户籍censusregister监护guardianshi
9、p个体工商户individualbusmess农村承包经营户leaseholdmgimalhousehold合伙partnership合伙人paitnei合伙协议pailnershipagreement合伙财产piopeityofpaitiieislup合伙债务debtofpaitnerslup入伙joinpartneisliip退彳火withdrawalfiompailnership合伙企业partneislupbusinessestablishment个人合伙partneislup法人合伙paitiieislupoflegalperson特别合伙specialpaitneiship普通合伙
10、generalpaitneiship有限合伙limitedpaitnerslnp民事合伙civilpartnership隐名合伙sleepingpaitneiship,doimantpartnership私营企业privateenterpnse;piopnetoiship法人legalperson企业法人legalbodyofenteipiise企业集团groupofenteipiise关联企业affiliateenteipiise个人独资企业individualbusinessestablislunent国有独资企业solelystate-ownedenteipiise中外合资企业Smo-f
11、oreigiijomtventxireenteipiise中外合作企业Smo-foreigncontiacmalenteipiise社团法人legalbodyofmassoigamzation财团法人legalbodyoffinancialgroup联营jointventure法人型联营associationoflegalpersons合伙型联营coordmatedmanagementmpannership协作型联营cooperation-typecoordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行为civillegalact单方民事法律行为umlateialciv
12、illegalact双方民事法律行为bilateralcivillegalact多方民事法律行为jointactcivillegalact有偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithconsideration无偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithoutconsideiatioii;civillegalactwithoutaward实践性民事法律行为practicalcivillegalact法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consentalcivillegalact要式民事法律行为formalcivillegalact不要式民事法律行为nifonnalcivillegalact
13、要因民事法律行为causativecivillegalact不要因民事法律行为noncausativecivillegalact主民事法律行为principalcivillegalact在斡英语从民事法律行为accessoiycivillegalact附条件民事法律行为conditionalcivillegalact附期限民事法律行为civillegalactwithterm生前民事法律行为civillegalactbeforedeath死后民事法律行为civillegalactafterdeath准民事法律行为quasi-civillegalact无效彳了为ineffectiveact可撤销
14、民事行为revocablecivilact违法行为illegalact;unlawfulact侵权行为tort欺诈fiaud胁迫duress乘人之危takingadrantageofothers,precariousposition以合法形式掩盖非法目的legalfonnconcealmgillegalintention恶意串通maliciouscollaboration重大误解grossmisundeistanduig显失公平obviousunjust误传nusiepiesentation代理agency本人pnncipal被代理人principal受托人tmstee代理人agent本代理人
16、ncy律师代理agencybylawyer普通代理generalagency全权代理generalagency全权代理委托书generalpowerofattorney共同代理jointagency独家代理soleagency居间biokeiage居间人broker彳了纪comimssion.biokerhouse信托tnist时效timelimit,piescnption,linutation时效中止suspensionofprescnption/limitation时效中断inteniiptionoflimitatioii/prescnption时效延长extensionofImutati
17、on取得时效acquisitivepiescnption时效终止lapseoftime;terminationofprescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civilrelationswithforeignelements冲突规范mleofconflict准据法applicablelaw;governmglaw反致renvoi;lenussion转致transnussion识别identification公共秩序保留leseiveofpublicoidei法律规避evasionoflaw国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legalliabi
18、lity民事责任civilliability/responsibility彳了政责任adimnistiativeliability/iesponsibility刑事贵任crmunalliability/responsibility违咨J责任liabilityofbreachofcontract;lesponsibilityofdefault有限责任limitedliability无限责任unlinutedliability按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任jomtandseveralliability过失责任liabilityfbrnegligence;neglig
19、entliabilityJ过错责任faultliability;liabilityforfault单独过错solefault共同过错jointfault混合过错mixedfault被害人过错victimsfault第三人过错thirdparty*sfault推定过错presumptivefault恶意badfaith;malice故意deliberateintention,mtention;willfulness过失negligence重大过失giossnegligence疏忽大意的过失carelessandinadvertentnegligence过自信的过失negligencewithun
20、dueassumption损害事实factsofdamage有形损失tangibledamage/loss无形4员失intangibledamage/loss财产损失propertydamage/loss人身损失peisonaldamage/loss精神损失spiritualdamage/loss民事责任承担方式methodsofbeaiingcivilliability停止侵害ceasetheinfringingact排除妨碍exclusionoflundiance;lemovalofobstacle消除危险elimmationofdanger返还财产lestmitionofproperty
21、恢复原状restitution,lestimtionofongmalstate赔偿损失compensatefbialoss;indemnifyfbialoss支付违约金paymentofliquidateddamage消除影响eliminateilleffects恢复名誉lehabilitateonesreputation赔礼道歉extendafbnnalapology5/15法痔英语物权jusadrem.lightinrem;lealright物权制度realrightsystem;lightinremsystem一物一权原则thepnncipalofOnething.OneRight物权法
22、定主义principaloflegalityofrightmrem物权公示原则principalofpublicsummonsofnglitinrem物权法jusleiem物property生产资料rawmaterialfbipioduction生活资料meansoflivelihood;meansofsubsistence流通物resinconunercium;athinginconmieice限制流通物limitedmerchantablethmg禁止流通物resextraconunercium;atliuigoutofconuneice资产asset固定资产fixedasset流动资产c
23、urrentasset;floatingasset动产movables;chattel不动产iniinovable;lealestate特定物resceitae;aceitamtlung种类物genus;mdefimtething可分物resdivisibiles;divisiblethings不可分物resmdivisibiles;indivisibledungs主物rescapitalis;aprincipaltiling从物resaccessona;anaccessorything原物originalthing孳息fiuits天然孳息natxualfnnts法定孳息legalfruits
24、无主物bonavacatia;vacantgoods;owneilessgoods遗失物lostproperty漂流物driftingobject埋藏物fortuna,hiddenpioperty货币currency证券secunties债券bond物权分类classificationofnglitinleni/realright门物权jusmlepiopna;lightoffullownership所有权donumum;owneiship;title所有权凭证documentoftitle;titleofownership占有权donumumutile;equitableownership使
25、用权rightofuse;righttouseof收益权righttoeainmgs;righttoyields处分权rightofdisposmg;jusdispodendi善意占有possessioningoodfaith恶意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession共同共有jointpossession他物权jusmrealiena用益物权tealrightforusufinct使用权righttouse;rightofuse土地使用权nghttotheuseofland材，权forestownership采矿权miningownership法斡
26、英语经营权managenalautlionty;powerofmanagement承包经营权nghttocontiactedmanagement相邻权neighbonnglight;lelatednght地上权superficies永佃权jusemphyteuticum;lighttolandedestategrantedinpeipetiutytluoughacontract地役权seivitude;easement人役权seivimspeisonaium;personalservitude担保物权leallightforsecuiity物的担保securityforthing物的瑕疵担保w
27、aiiantyagainstdefectofathmg抵押权hypotheca,hypothecation;righttomortgage抵押权的设定cieationoflighttomongage抵押人moitgagoi抵押权人mongagee抵押标的物collateial;estateundermortgage抵押权的效力deffectofrighttomortgage抵押权的次序sequenceoflighttomortgage抵押权的抛弃abandomnentofrighttomortgage抵押权的让与alienationofrighttomortgage抵押权的实现matenali
28、zationoflighttomongage抵押权的消灭extinctionofrighttomortgageiegistrationofestateundermongage抵押物登记legistiationofestateundermortgage抵押优先权priorityofmoilgage留置权hen一般留置权generallien特别留置权speciallien质权hypotheque;pledge;rightofpledge佃权tenantlight债权jusmpersonam;nglittogiveorprocure;clann;creditor1slight债权人creditor
29、债务人debtor相对人counteipail;offeree给付give;pay债务debt;liability;obligation债务的偿还paymentofdebt债务的偿清dischargeofdebt债务的担保guaranteeofdebt债务的合并consolidationofdebt债务的给付口期debtmaninty债务的免除exemptionofdebt债的分类obhgatio;obligation法定之债legalobligation任意之债vohintaiyobligationjuj单之债simpleobligation选择之债alternativeobligation
30、主债piune/pnncipalobligation从债accessoiyobligation单一之债smgleobligation按份之债severalobligation连带之债jointobligation特定之债certamobligation种类之债mdefimteobligation合同之债contiactualobligation侵权行为之债tortobligation损害赔偿之债obligationofcompensationfoiinjury,obligationofdamages人身损害damagetoperson精神损害moial/mental/spintiialdama
31、ge医药费hospitaltreatmentexpense医疗费medicalchaige抚恤金pension慰问金consolationmoney产品瑕疵defectofproduct不当得利unjusteiuicluiient无因管理voluntaiyseivice债的担保guaranteeofobligation财产担保propertyguaiantee信用担保creditguarantee让与担保alienationguaiantee保证guaiaiity明示保证expressguaranty默示保证impliedguaranty保证人guarantor彳呆证合同contractofg
32、iiaranty/suretyship保证金guarantybond;seciuitydeposit押金deposit;fbregift预付款advancedpayment定金earnestmoney；deposit违约金liquidateddamages法定违约金liquidateddamagesbylaw约定违约金liquidateddamagesbyagreement债的履行perfbimanceofobligation实际履行原则doctnneofspecificpeifbnnaiice情事变更原则doctimeofchangeofcuciinistances不当履行misfeasan
33、ce清偿dischaige;satisfaction提存debtor,ssubmissionofthesubjectmatterofobligationtocompetentauthoiity抵销setoff知识尸、厂权intellectualpiopeity知识产权国际保护internationalprotectionofintellectualpiopeny国民待遇原则doctrmeofnationaltieatment优先权原则alightofpnontydoctnne自动保护原则doctimeofautomaticprotection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intelle
36、uidustnalpiopeity专利权patentright优先权口pnoiitydate申请在先原则priorapplicationrule使用在先pnoiityofuse新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明仓U造uiventionandcreation实用新型utilitymodel外观设计design;uidustnaldesign发明权rightofinvention发现权nglitofdiscoveiy专利申请patentapplication专利异议objectiontoapatent专利公告patentgazette专利续展费re
37、newalfeeofpatent专利许可协议patentlicensingagieement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书cenificateofpatent专利事务所patentoffice专利代理patentagency中华人民共和国专利局PatentOfficeofthePeoplesRepublicofChina商标权tiademarkright商标国际注册internationallegistiationoftiademark商品商标commoditytrademark服务商标seivicetrademaik驰名商标reputedtrademaikJ告商标a
38、dveitisementtiademaik近似商标similaitrademark商标评审委员会tradereviewandappraisalboard商标申查tiademaikexanimation商标侵权tiademaikiiifiingement商标注册registeredtrademark商标公告tiademaikgazette注册商标使用许可licensingofregisteredtrademaik注册商标转让assignmentofregisteredtrademaik商标使用许可协议trademarklicensingagieement商标事务所tiademaikoffice商
39、标代理trademaikagency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage,family,mlieiitance,adoption婚姻法maritallaw;marriagelaw包办婚姻anangedmaniage财产分割partition;dismembennentofpioperty重婚bigamy独生子女onlychild法律婚legalmaniage非婚生子女illegitimatechild夫妻共同财产conununitypiopeity夫妻关系conjugalrelationship夫妻分居divorceamensaettlioro;divoicefiombedandboard复
40、婚lesuinptionofmaniage感情破裂mcompatibility婚后财产公证notaiizationofpostnuptialproperties婚姻登记maniageregistiation婚生子女ligitunatechild计划生ftbirthcontrol结婚mairy离婚divorce买卖婚姻meicenaiymaniage拟制血亲bloodrelationsinfictionoflaw旁系血亲collateralrelationbloodrelation涉外婚姻marriagewithforeignelements配偶spouse事实婚defactomaniage诉讼
41、离婚divorcebylitigation探视权visitationright同居cohabitation晚婚latemamage无效婚姻voidmaniage协议离婚divorcebyagieement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚earlymaniage直系血亲linealdescent自然血亲naturalbloodrelation收养法adoptionlaw收养协议adoptionagreement收养人adoptiveparent送养人personorinstimtionplacingoutachildfbiadoption涉夕卜收养adoptionwithforeignelemen
42、ts继承法mhentancelaw;lawofsuccession法定继承legalseccession遗嘱继承intestatesuccession遗赠继承successionbydevise自然继承naturalsuccession代位继承lepresentation,successionbysubrogation世袭继承heieditaiysuccession间接继承mdirectsuccession转继承subsuccession共同继承jointsuccession单独继承smglesuccession继承人hen;successor第二顺序继承人successorsecondmor
43、der第一顺序继承人successorfirstinolder继承参与人successionparticipant遗产uiheritance;heritage遗产继承人heutopropeny;nilientor遗言lastwillandtestament遗书lastwords遗赠bequest;legacy;devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-supportagreement会计法accountinglaw税法taxlaw;taxationlaw反不正当竞争法anti-unfaucompetitionlaw消费者权益保护法consumer*smterestpiotectionlaw产品贵任
44、法productionliabilitylaw消费者权益法consumeirightsandmteiestslaw公司法companylaw;coipoiatelaw公司company;coiporation有限责任公司lumtedliabilitycompany股份有限公司companylimitedbyshares无限公司unlimitedcompany股份两合公司jointstocklimitedliabilitypailnership两合公司jomtliabilitycompany控股公司holdingcompany集团公司groupcompany合资公司jointventurecom
45、pany联营公司associatedcompany;affiliatedcompany国营公司state-owncompany国有公司state-ownedcompany民营公司civilian-nincompany本国公司national/domesticcompany外国公司foreigncompany上市公司listedcompany母公司parentcompany子公司subsidiaiy皮包公司briefcasecompany;fiindlesscompany募集设立mcoipoiationbystockfloatation发起人floater;initiator公j名称nameof
46、company公司住址domicileofcompany出资contiibution;capitalsubscription现金出资investmentincash实物出资investmentinkind匚业产权出资investmentinmdustnalpropertylight非专有技术出资mvestmentinnon-patenttechnology劳务出资investmentinlabor高新技术成果出资mvestmentinhi-techaclnevements注册资本registeredcapital实缴资本paid-incapital验资报告capitalverification
47、report会计师事务所ceitifiedpublicaccountants注册会计师certifiedpublicaccountant资本三原则tlueedocuineofcapital资本确定原则doctimeofcapitaldeteimmation11/15资本维持原则doctimeofcapitalmaintenance资本不变原则doctimeofunchangmgcapital最低资本额制度nuiuinumcapitalsystem公司章程articlesofassociation;aniclesofmcoipoiation.bylaw公司登记uicoiporation;coip
48、oratelegistiation公司存续existenceofcompany公司合并分立mergerandsplitofcompany公司并购coiporatemergeiandacquisition公司管理corporategovemance;companymanagement公司法律顾问coiporatecounsel公司整顿companyrectification公司歇业closuieofbusiness公司和解companycomposition公司解散companydissolution公司清算companyliquidation公司清理companywmduig-up竞业禁止no
49、n-conunpete;competitionpiolubition招股章程prospectus股本stockcapital股东shaieholder股东大会shareholdersmeeting股东大公决议resolutionofshaieholdeis,meeting股东大会议事规则mleofpioceduieofshareholdersmeeting表决权votinglight;righttovote第事duector董事长president/cliaumanoftheboaid首席执行官chiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)首席运营官chiefoperationoffic
50、ei(COO)执行董事executiveduector常务董事managingduector董事会boaidofdnectois箪事会领导下的经理负责制responsibilitysystemofdiechiefexecutiveofficeiundertheleaderslupoftheboardofduectors经理独立负责制managerindependentxesponsibilitysystem监事supeivisor监事会boaidofsupeivisois股share;stock普通股commonstock特别股specialstock资格股qualificationstock
51、优先股preferredstock劣后股nifenoistock表决权股stockwithvotingpower溢价股premiumstock折价股convertingstock国家股state-ownedshare集体股collectiveshaie法人股coiporateshare企业股enteipnseshare个人股individualshare股息dividend红股bonusstock;dividendstock法定公积金legalaccumulationfund资本公枳金capitalaccumulationfund盈余公积金suiplusaccumulationfund任意公积
52、金optionalaccumulationfund公司犯罪coiporatecnme证券法securitieslaw证券发彳了issuanceofsecuiitiesi正券上市listsecurities;floatanissue证券交易所stockexchange证券商securitiesdealer证券公司securitiescompany证券承销商consoitiumofundenvuteis证券承销合同underwritingcontract证券经纪人securitiesbiokei披露制度disclosingsystem交割口closingdate风险投资基金venmrecapita
53、lfiind上海证券交易所ShanghaiStockExchange深力11ill:券交易所SheiizlienStockExchange证券监督委员会secuiitiessupexvisioncommittee票据法lawofnegotiableinstinment票据notes;bills;conunercialmstiuments商业票据bill;conuneicialmstmment远期票据timebill,;long-datedbill到期票据mannedbill即期票据siglitbill记名票据billpayabletoorder;notetoorder不记名票据beaieiui
54、stmment本票promissorynote支票cheque汇票billofexchange发票日ticketday出票日dateofdraft/issue发票地placeofdiaft/issue票据到期日billtomatuie票据金额sumofbill票面价额facevalue票据出票人drawer票据持票人billholder票据承兑人billacceptor票据行为actonconuneicialpaper承兑票据honorabill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protestabill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payeronconuneicialinstrument
55、票据收款人billcollector票据背书人endorser/indoiseiofabill被背书人endorsee票据保证人billguaiantor票据被保证人billpledgee/wanantee再追索人lenewedlecouisei前手remoteholder后手subsequentendorser票据权利lightofbill票据期限termofbill;tenor票据债务人debtorofconuneicialmstiument追索权rightofrecourse票据抗辩exceptiontobill票据丧失lossofbill票据时效piescnptionofexchang
56、es票据贴现discountofbill再贴现rediscountofbill恩惠期间termofbenevolence票据代理agencyfornotes/bills/cominercial13instruments海商法mantimelaw船舶国籍证书ceilificateofregistry;cenificateofshipsnationality船棋国flagcountry船舶所有权证书cenificateofslupowneislup船舶检验registerofslup船舶保险msuianceonhull船舶保险单hullmsuiancepolicy船舶登记证书ceilificateofregistry船舶丈量tonnagemeasuiementofships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押slupmortgage船舶租赁shipchartering船舶转租slupsubchaiteimg船舶所有人责任限制limitationofliabilitiesofshipowners船舶碰撞slupcollisio