1、法律英语法律渊源sourceoflaw制定法statute判例法caselaw;precedent普通法commonlaw特别法speciallaw固有法nativelaw;indigenouslaw继受法adoptedlaw实体法substantiallaw程序法procedurallaw原则法fundamentallaw例外法exceptionlaw司法解释judicialinterpretation习惯法customarylaw公序良俗publicorderandmoral自然法naturallaw罗马法Roman
2、Law私法privatelaw公法publiclaw市民法juscivile万民法jusgentium民法法系civillawsystem英美法系systemofAnglo-Americanlaw大陆法系civillawsystem普通法commonlaw大陆法continentallaw罗马法系Romanlawsystem衡平法equity;lawofequity日尔曼法Germanticlaw教会法ecclesiasticallaw寺院法canonlaw伊斯兰法Islamiclaw民法法律规范normofciv
4、sion合法行为lawfulact违法行为unlawfulact民事权利权利能力civilright绝对权absoluteright相对权relativeright优先权rightofpriority先买权preemption原权antecedentright救济权rightofrelief支配权rightofdominion请求权rightofclaim物上请求权rightofclaimforrealthing形成权rightofformation撤销权rightofclaimingcancellation否认权r
5、ightofclaimingcancellation解除权rightofrenouncement代位权subrogatedright选择权rightofchoice承认权rightofadmission终止权rightoftermination抗辩权rightofdefense一时性抗辩权momentaryrightofdefense永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-argumentright不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argumentright同时履行抗辩权defenserightofsimulta
6、neousperformance既得权testedright期待权expectantright专属权exclusiveright非专属权non-exclusiveright人身权利personalright人权humanright人格权rightofpersonality生命健康权rightoflifeandhealth姓名权rightofname名称权rightofname肖像权rightofportraiture自由权rightoffreedom名誉权rightreputation隐私权rightofprivacy
7、私生活秘密权rightofprivacy贞操权virginityright身份权rightofstatus亲权parentalpower;parentalright亲属权rightofrelative探视权visitationright配偶权rightofspouse荣誉权rightofhonor权利的保护protectionofright公力救济publicprotection私力救济self-protection权利本位standardofright社会本位standardofsociety无责任行为irrespons
8、ibleright正当防卫justifiableright;ligitimatedefence防卫行为actofdefence自为行为self-conductingact紧急避险actofrescue;necessity自助行为actofself-help不可抗力forcemajeure意外事件accident行为能力capacityforact意思能力capacityofwill民事行为civilact意思表示declarationofintention意思表示一致meetingofminds;consensus完全行为能
9、力perfectcapacityforact限制行为能力restrictivecapacityforact准禁治产人quasi-interdictedperson保佐protection自治产人minorwhoiscapableofadministeringhisowncapacity无行为能力incapacityforact禁治产人interdictedperson自然人naturalperson公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequentlydwellingplace户籍censu
10、sregister监护guardianship个体工商户individualbusiness农村承包经营户leaseholdingruralhousehold合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnershipagreement合伙财产propertyofpartnership合伙债务debtofpartnership入伙joinpartnership退伙withdrawalfrompartnership合伙企业partnershipbusinessestablishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙pa
11、rtnershipoflegalperson特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civilpartnership隐名合伙sleepingpartnership;dormantpartnership私营企业privateenterprise;proprietorship法人legalperson企业法人legalbodyofenterprise企业集团groupofenterprise关联企业affiliateenterprise个人独
12、资企业individualbusinessestablishment国有独资企业solelystate-ownedenterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreignjointventureenterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreigncontractualenterprise社团法人legalbodyofmassorganization财团法人legalbodyoffinancialgroup联营jointventure法人型联营associationoflegalpersons合伙型联营coordinatedman
13、agementinpartnership协作型联营cooperation-typecoordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行为civillegalact单方民事法律行为unilateralcivillegalact双方民事法律行为bilateralcivillegalact多方民事法律行为jointactcivillegalact有偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithconsideration无偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithoutconsideration;ci
14、villegalactwithoutaward实践性民事法律行为practicalcivillegalact法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consentalcivillegalact要式民事法律行为formalcivillegalact不要式民事法律行为informalcivillegalact要因民事法律行为causativecivillegalact不要因民事法律行为noncausativecivillegalact主民事法律行为principalcivillegalact从民事法律行为accessorycivilleg
15、alact附条件民事法律行为conditionalcivillegalact附期限民事法律行为civillegalactwithterm生前民事法律行为civillegalactbeforedeath死后民事法律行为civillegalactafterdeath准民事法律行为quasi-civillegalact无效行为ineffectiveact可撤销民事行为revocablecivilact违法行为illegalact;unlawfulact侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危takingadvan
16、tageofothersprecariousposition以合法形式掩盖非法目的legalformconcealingillegalintention恶意串通maliciouscollaboration重大误解grossmisunderstanding显失公平obviousunjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人originalagent法定代理人statutoryagent;legalagent委托代理人agentb
18、awyer普通代理generalagency全权代理generalagency全权代理委托书generalpowerofattorney共同代理jointagency独家代理soleagency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission;brokerhouse信托trust时效timelimit;prescription;limitation时效中止suspensionofprescription/limitation时效中断interruptionoflimitation/prescription时效延长exte
19、nsionoflimitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终止lapseoftime;terminationofprescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civilrelationswithforeignelements冲突规范ruleofconflict准据法applicablelaw;governinglaw反致renvoi;remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserveofpublicorder法律规避evasio
20、noflaw国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legalliability民事责任civilliability/responsibility行政责任administrativeliability/responsibility刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility违约责任liabilityofbreachofcontract;responsibilityofdefault有限责任limitedliability无限责任unlimitedliability按份责任shared/s
21、everalliability连带责任jointandseveralliability过失责任liabilityfornegligence;negligentliability过错责任faultliability;liabilityforfault单独过错solefault共同过错jointfault混合过错mixedfault被害人过错victimsfault第三人过错thirdpartysfault推定过错presumptivefault恶意badfaith;malice故意deliberateintention;inte
22、ntion;willfulness过失negligence重大过失grossnegligence疏忽大意的过失carelessandinadvertentnegligence过于自信的过失negligencewithundueassumption损害事实factsofdamage有形损失tangibledamage/loss无形损失intangibledamage/loss财产损失propertydamage/loss人身损失personaldamage/loss精神损失spiritualdamage/loss民事责任承担方式methods
23、ofbearingcivilliability停止侵害ceasetheinfringingact排除妨碍exclusionofhindrance;removalofobstacle消除危险eliminationofdanger返还财产restitutionofproperty恢复原状restitution;restitutionoforiginalstate赔偿损失compensateforaloss;indemnifyforaloss支付违约金paymentofliquidateddamage消除影响eliminate
24、illeffects恢复名誉rehabilitateonesreputation赔礼道歉extendaformalapology物权jusadrem;rightinrem;realright物权制度realrightsystem;rightinremsystem一物一权原则theprincipalofOnething,OneRight物权法定主义principaloflegalityofrightinrem物权公示原则principalofpublicsummonsofrightinrem物权法jus
25、rerem物property生产资料rawmaterialforproduction生活资料meansoflivelihood;meansofsubsistence流通物resincommercium;athingincommerce限制流通物limitedmerchantablething禁止流通物resextracommercium;athingoutofcommerce资产asset固定资产fixedasset流动资产currentasset;floatingasset动产movables;chattel不动产
26、immovable;realestate特定物rescertae;acertainthing种类物genus;indefinitething可分物resdivisibiles;divisiblethings不可分物resindivisibiles;indivisiblethings主物rescapitalis;aprincipalthing从物resaccessoria;anaccessorything原物originalthing孳息fruits天然孳息naturalfruits法定孳息legalfruits无主物bo
27、navacatia;vacantgoods;ownerlessgoods遗失物lostproperty漂流物driftingobject埋藏物fortuna;hiddenproperty货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classificationofrightinrem/realright自物权jusinrepropria;rightoffullownership所有权dominium;ownership;title所有权凭证documentoftitle;titleofownershi
28、p占有权dominiumutile;equitableownership使用权rightofuse;righttouseof收益权righttoearnings;righttoyields处分权rightofdisposing;jusdispodendi善意占有possessioningoodfaith恶意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession共同共有jointpossession他物权jusinrealiena用益物权realrightforusufruct使用权r
29、ighttouse;rightofuse土地使用权righttotheuseofland林权forestownership采矿权miningownership经营权managerialauthority;powerofmanagement承包经营权righttocontractedmanagement相邻权neighboringright;relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jusemphyteuticum;righttolandedestategrantedinperpetuitythrough
30、acontract地役权servitude;easement人役权servituspersonarum;personalservitude担保物权realrightforsecurity物的担保securityforthing物的瑕疵担保warrantyagainstdefectofathing抵押权hypotheca;hypothecation;righttomortgage抵押权的设定creationofrighttomortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral;est
31、ateundermortgage抵押权的效力deffectofrighttomortgage抵押权的次序sequenceofrighttomortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonmentofrighttomortgage抵押权的让与alienationofrighttomortgage抵押权的实现materializationofrighttomortgage抵押权的消灭extinctionofrighttomortgageregistrationofestateundermortgage抵押物登记registratio
32、nofestateundermortgage抵押优先权priorityofmortgage留置权lien一般留置权generallien特别留置权speciallien质权hypotheque;pledge;rightofpledge佃权tenantright债权jusinpersonam;righttogiveorprocure;claim;creditorsright债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart;offeree给付give;pay债务debt;liability;oblig
33、ation债务的偿还paymentofdebt债务的偿清dischargeofdebt债务的担保guaranteeofdebt债务的合并consolidationofdebt债务的给付日期debtmaturity债务的免除exemptionofdebt债的分类obligatio;obligation法定之债legalobligation任意之债voluntaryobligation简单之债simpleobligation选择之债alternativeobligation主债prime/principalobligation从债acces
34、soryobligation单一之债singleobligation按份之债severalobligation连带之债jointobligation特定之债certainobligation种类之债indefiniteobligation合同之债contractualobligation侵权行为之债tortobligation损害赔偿之债obligationofcompensationforinjury;obligationofdamages人身损害damagetoperson精神损害moral/mental/spiritualdamag
35、e医药费hospitaltreatmentexpense医疗费medicalcharge抚恤金pension慰问金consolationmoney产品瑕疵defectofproduct不当得利unjustenrichment无因管理voluntaryservice债的担保guaranteeofobligation财产担保propertyguarantee信用担保creditguarantee让与担保alienationguarantee保证guaranty明示保证expressguaranty默示保证impliedguaranty保证人
36、guarantor保证合同contractofguaranty/suretyship保证金guarantybond;securitydeposit押金deposit;foregift预付款advancedpayment定金earnestmoney;deposit违约金liquidateddamages法定违约金liquidateddamagesbylaw约定违约金liquidateddamagesbyagreement债的履行performanceofobligation实际履行原则doctrineofspecificperform
37、ance情事变更原则doctrineofchangeofcircumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge;satisfaction提存debtorssubmissionofthesubjectmatterofobligationtocompetentauthority抵销setoff知识产权intellectualproperty知识产权国际保护internationalprotectionofintellectualproperty国民待遇原则doctrineofnationaltreatment优先
40、rebroadcasting录制权rightoffixation机械复制权rightofmechanograph;rightofmechanicalreproduction著作邻接权neighboringrightofcopyright剽窃plagiary;plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCDpiratedVCD伪造forge工业产权industrialproperty专利权patentright优先权日prioritydate申请在先原则priorapplicationrule使用在先priorityofuse新颖性
41、novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造inventionandcreation实用新型utilitymodel外观设计design;industrialdesign发明权rightofinvention发现权rightofdiscovery专利申请patentapplication专利异议objectiontoapatent专利公告patentgazette专利续展费renewalfeeofpatent专利许可协议patentlicensingagreement技术诀窍know-how
43、imilartrademark商标评审委员会tradereviewandappraisalboard商标审查trademarkexamination商标侵权trademarkinfringement商标注册registeredtrademark商标公告trademarkgazette注册商标使用许可licensingofregisteredtrademark注册商标转让assignmentofregisteredtrademark商标使用许可协议trademarklicensingagreement商标事务所trademarkoffice商
44、标代理trademarkagency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage,family,inheritance,adoption婚姻法maritallaw;marriagelaw包办婚姻arrangedmarriage财产分割partition;dismembermentofproperty重婚bigamy独生子女onlychild法律婚legalmarriage非婚生子女illegitimatechild夫妻共同财产communityproperty夫妻关系conjugalrelationship夫妻分居divorceamensa
45、etthoro;divorcefrombedandboard复婚resumptionofmarriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarizationofpostnuptialproperties婚姻登记marriageregistration婚生子女ligitimatechild计划生育birthcontrol结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenarymarriage拟制血亲bloodrelationsinfictionoflaw旁系血亲collateralrelationbloo
46、drelation涉外婚姻marriagewithforeignelements配偶spouse事实婚defactomarriage诉讼离婚divorcebylitigation探视权visitationright同居cohabitation晚婚latemarriage无效婚姻voidmarriage协议离婚divorcebyagreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚earlymarriage直系血亲linealdescent自然血亲naturalbloodrelation收养法adoptionlaw收养协议adoptio
47、nagreement收养人adoptiveparent送养人personorinstitutionplacingoutachildforadoption涉外收养adoptionwithforeignelements继承法inheritancelaw;lawofsuccession法定继承legalseccession遗嘱继承intestatesuccession遗赠继承successionbydevise自然继承naturalsuccession代位继承representation;successionbysubrogatio
48、n世袭继承hereditarysuccession间接继承indirectsuccession转继承subsuccession共同继承jointsuccession单独继承singlesuccession继承人heir;successor第二顺序继承人successorsecondinorder第一顺序继承人successorfirstinorder继承参与人successionparticipant遗产inheritance;heritage遗产继承人heirtoproperty;inheritor遗言lastwillandtes
49、tament遗书lastwords遗赠bequest;legacy;devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-supportagreement会计法accountinglaw税法taxlaw;taxationlaw反不正当竞争法anti-unfaircompetitionlaw消费者权益保护法consumersinterestprotectionlaw产品责任法productionliabilitylaw消费者权益法consumerrightsandinterestslaw公司法companylaw;corporatelaw公司co
50、mpany;corporation有限责任公司limitedliabilitycompany股份有限公司companylimitedbyshares无限公司unlimitedcompany股份两合公司jointstocklimitedliabilitypartnership两合公司jointliabilitycompany控股公司holdingcompany集团公司groupcompany合资公司jointventurecompany联营公司associatedcompany;affiliatedcompany国营公司state-ow
51、ncompany国有公司state-ownedcompany民营公司civilian-runcompany本国公司national/domesticcompany外国公司foreigncompany上市公司listedcompany母公司parentcompany子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcasecompany;fundlesscompany募集设立incorporationbystockfloatation发起人floater;initiator公司名称nameofcompany公司住址domicileofcomp
52、any出资contribution;capitalsubscription现金出资investmentincash实物出资investmentinkind工业产权出资investmentinindustrialpropertyright非专有技术出资investmentinnon-patenttechnology劳务出资investmentinlabor高新技术成果出资investmentinhi-techachievements注册资本registeredcapital实缴资本paid-incapital验资报告capitalve
53、rificationreport会计师事务所certifiedpublicaccountants注册会计师certifiedpublicaccountant资本三原则threedoctrineofcapital资本确定原则doctrineofcapitaldetermination资本维持原则doctrineofcapitalmaintenance资本不变原则doctrineofunchangingcapital最低资本额制度minimumcapitalsystem公司章程articlesofassociation;articles
54、ofincorporation;bylaw公司登记incorporation;corporateregistration公司存续existenceofcompany公司合并分立mergerandsplitofcompany公司并购corporatemergerandacquisition公司管理corporategovernance;companymanagement公司法律顾问corporatecounsel公司整顿companyrectification公司歇业closureofbusiness公司和解companycomposi
55、tion公司解散companydissolution公司清算companyliquidation公司清理companywinding-up竞业禁止non-commpete;competitionprohibition招股章程prospectus股本stockcapital股东shareholder股东大会shareholdersmeeting股东大会决议resolutionofshareholdersmeeting股东大会议事规则ruleofprocedureofshareholdersmeeting表决权votingright;righttovote董事director董事长president/chairmanoftheboard首席执行官chiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)首席运营官chiefoperationofficer(COO)执行董事executivedirector常务董事managingdirector董事会boardofdirectors董事会领导下的经理负责制r