1、UnitOneLegalSystemListeningI.cadabII.statutes,constitutions,cite,interpreted,civil,cases,liability,created,modified,repealedTextA.BuildingupyourvocabularyI.MatchtheitemsinthefollowingtwocolumnsA-civillawb-codec-validityd-jurisdictione-clusterf-decreeg-codificati
2、onh-statutei-parliamentj-legislatureII.Fillintheblanks:1.subdivision2.maxim3.federal4.enforcement5.statutes6.precedent7.Legislation8.Staredecisis9.legal,legal10.judicial,judicialClozeDocumentslawsuittrialattorneysadvisors,Clientsjuriesalternativepracticerepresen
3、tationTranslation1.根据美国宪法，联邦政府分为行政、立法和司法三大部门，每个部门都被认为是独立的，并且能够相互制衡。2.通常有三类案件可以到达最高法院，即：牵涉到诉讼当事人分属不同的州的案件，牵涉到解释联邦法案的案件和解释美国宪法的案件。3.大律师事务所的律师平均收入最高；他们常常代理那些最有钱且最有社会地位的当事人；而且同高层次的法官和政府官员有着密切的联系。个人执业者和小律师事务所的律师收入最低，代理那些既没钱又没社会地位的当事人，而且主要同最低级别的法院和行政机构打交道。4.州立大学的法学院倾向于集中在一些传统的法律课程上：契约、侵权行为、宪法、诉讼程序、财
4、产、遗嘱、信托与遗产、公司、合伙、代理、国际法、海商法、劳动法、行政法；私立法学院由于规模略小且师生人数比例一般较大，故有条件开设品种更多的课程，在新的、开拓中的领域尤其如此。这些私立法学院的课程目录中都列有诸如精神病学与法学、法学与社会学、城市法、贫困法、环境法、城市财政、土地规划等方面的课程或研讨班。5.英美法系的法官比起他们大陆法系的同行们来威信更高，其部分原因在于人们一般都觉得只有较优秀的律师才能当得上法官。尽管任命和遴选有其政治背景，这一结论恐怕还是大致符合实际情况的。TextBCheckYourUnderstanding.1.T2.F3.F4.T5.F6.
5、T7.T8.F9.F10.TBuildingupyourvocabulary.I.Givethecorrespondingtranslationofeachofthefollowingterms.EnglishChinesejurisdiction司法权writofcertiorari诉讼文件案卷调取令session开庭Circuitcourt巡回法庭ClaimsCourt求偿法院petition诉状arbiter仲裁者felony重罪AppellateCourts上诉法院conviction定罪misdemeanors轻罪II.Putthe
6、followingtermsintoChinese.Probateorsurrogatescourts遗嘱检验法庭juvenilecourts少年法庭TaxCourt税务法院CourtofInternationalTrade国际贸易法院BankrupcyCourts破产法院appellatecourt巡回法院AttorneyGeneral司法部长CourtofMilitaryAppeals军事上诉法院TheCorutofVeteransAppeals退伍军人上诉法院Trialcourt受理法院Translation1.TheNatio
7、nalPeoplesCongress(NPC)isthehighestinstitutionofstatepowerandtogetherwithitspermanentbody-theStandingCommitteeoftheNPC,exercisesthelegislativepowerofthestate.2.TheNPCStandingCommitteespoweroflegislationisnotwithoutrestraints.Comparedwiththelegislativepo
8、weroftheNPC,theStandingCommitteemaynotamendtheConstitution.Butitisauthorized:(1)tointerprettheConstitutionandsuperviseitsenforcement;(2)toenactandamendlaws,withtheexceptionofthosewhichshouldbeenactedbytheNPC;(3)topartiallysupplementandamend,whentheNPC
9、isnotinsession,lawsenactedbytheNPCprovidedthatthebasicprinciplesoftheselawsarenotcontravened;(4)tointerpretlaws.3.Inaccordancewiththestructureofthelawmakingpowers,Chineselawcanbedividedintofourlevels,i.e.,theConstitution,lawsadoptedbytheNPCanditsStan
10、dingCommittee,administrativeregulationsadoptedbytheStateCouncilandlocalregulationsbythepeoplescongressesofprovinces,autonomousregionsandcities.4.GenerallawsincludetheConstitution,theGeneralPrinciplesofCivilLaw,theCivilProcedureLaw,andtheCriminalLawetc.Speci
11、allegislationincludelegislationdealingwithforeigninvestments,suchastheJointVentureLaw,theWhollyForeign-ownedEnterprisesLaw,theForeignEconomicContractLaw,andlegislationgoverningmatterssuchasregistrationofbusiness,laborandmanagement,taxation,exchangecontrol,finan
12、cialmatters,customsdutiesetc.UnitTwoCONSTITUTIONALLAWListeningI.Spotdictation.Declaration,human,political,assume,nature,impel,self-evident,Creator,unalienable,institute,Prudence,abolishing,throwoff,usurpationsII.Compounddictation.afundamentalrighttherighttobeleft
13、alonenoexplicitguaranteeofprivacyintheConstitutionsourceofprivacysecuredbytheFirstAmendmentunreasonablesearchesandseizuresTEXTABuildingupyourvocabularyI.Matchtheitemsinthefollowingtwocolumns.1.k2.g3.b4.f5.j6.l7.h8.a9.e10.d11.c12.iII.Fillintheblanks1.asc
14、ertaining,2.statutoryinterpretation.3.prolixity,areadysolution4.powerofthepurse,commander-in-chief5.checksandbalances6.unreasonablesearchesandseizures7.standing8.eliminationofracialdiscrimination,accommodation,badgesofservitudeClozecommitment,majority,Tothatend,
15、.ademocraticsociety,Litigants,preferentialtreatment,strictneutrality,attaxpayerexpense,violating,statelegislatures,ruledTranslation任何人恶意或故意地以过高或异常的噪音，以喧闹或无理的行为，以威胁、诽谤、争吵、挑衅、斗殴行为扰乱周围地区或个人的宁静或平静；或在非自治乡镇的街道或公路上为赌博或娱乐进行赛马，在这样的乡镇开枪，在妇女儿童面前或可听到的范围内大声使用粗俗、亵渎、或不雅的语言，均构成轻罪。经由有资格管辖的法院判决，应处以不超过
16、200元的罚金，或不超过90天的县监狱监禁，或者可并处罚金与监禁，或由法院自由裁量，二择其一。TEXTBCheckyourunderstanding1T2F3T4T5F6F7F8T9T10F11F12TBuildingupyourvocabularyI.GivetheEnglishVersiontothefollowinglegalterms.EnglishChineseFreedomofspeech,press,andassembly言论、出版、与集会自由Rightofprivacy隐私权Racialdiscrim
17、ination种族歧视Therighttotrialbyjury接受陪审团审判的权利Judicialreview司法审查Minorityright少数民族的权利Righttolegalequality平等权racialdiversity种族的多样性Freedomofreligiousexercise宗教信仰自由Righttocounsel/anattorney聘请律师辩护的权利Unlawfuldetention,deprivation,orrestriction非法拘禁、剥夺或者限制Civilrights公民权利personaldignity
18、人格尊严constitutionality合宪性suffrage选举权；投票权privilegeagainstself-incrimination反对自我归罪的权利association,processionanddemonstration结社、游行、示威权TheBillofRights权利法案unlawfulsearchofthepersonofcitizens非法搜查公民的身体amendment修正案2.PutthefollowingtermsintoChinese:directdemocracy直接民主checksandbalances相
19、互制衡votingqualifications投票资格amendingprocessoftheConstitution宪法的修正程序dueprocess正当程序therighttobeararms持枪权thedoctrineofconstitutionalsupremacy宪法至上原则processofimpeachment弹劾程序personalstake个人利害关系two-chamberlegislature两院立法机构judiciary司法制度；司法体系；司法机构theseparationoflegislative,exec
20、utiveandjudicialpowers立法、行政、司法权的分立Translation1.Article33AnybodywhoholdsthenationalityofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaisacitizenofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.AllcitizensofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaareequalbeforethelaw.Everycitizenhastherightsandatthesametime
21、shallperformthedutiesprescribedbytheConstitutionandthelaws.2.Article34CitizensofthePeoplesRepublicofChinawhoeverhavereachedtheageof18havetherighttovoteandstandforelection,regardlessofethnicstatus,race,sex,occupation,familybackground,religiousbelief,edu
22、cation,propertystatusorlengthofresidence,exceptpersonsdeprivedofpoliticalrightsaccordingtolaw.3.Article35CitizensofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaenjoyfreedomofspeech,ofthepress,ofassembly,ofassociation,ofprocessionandofdemonstration.4.Article36Citizensofthe
23、PeoplesRepublicofChinaenjoyfreedomofreligiousbelief.Nostateorgan,publicorganizationorindividualmaycompelcitizenstobelievein,ornotbelievein,anyreligion;normaytheydiscriminateagainstcitizenswhobelievein,ordonotbelievein,anyreligion.Thestateprotectsnormal
24、religiousactivities.Noonemaymakeuseofreligiontoengageinactivitiesthatdisruptpublicorder,impairthehealthofcitizensorinterferewiththeeducationalsystemofthestate.Religiousbodiesandreligiousaffairsarenotsubjecttoanyforeigndomination.5.Article37Freedomofthe
25、personofcitizensofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaisinviolable.Nocitizensmaybearrestedexceptwiththeapprovalorbydecisionofapeoplesprocuratorateorbydecisionofapeoplescourt,andarrestsmustbemadebyapublicsecurityorgan.Unlawfuldetentionordeprivationorrestriction
26、ofcitizensfreedomofthepersonbyothermeansisprohibited,andunlawfulsearchofthepersonofcitizensisprohibited.6.Article38TheresidencesofcitizensofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaareinviolable.Unlawfulsearchof,orintrusioninto,acitizensresidenceisprohibited.UnitThree
27、CriminalLawWarming-upExercises.I.F,T,T,F,T,F,FIIcriminal,damages,distinction,wrong,prosecution,victim,against,difference,as,civilTextABuildupyourvocabularyI.Matchtheitemsinthefollowingtwocolumns.1.e2.g3.d4.f.5.a6.h7.i8.j9.b10.cII.FillintheBlanks.1.
28、unishable2.statutes3.imposition4.violation5.committed6.prosecution7.substantive8.felonies9.jurisdiction10.liableClozestatut,accused,jurisdiction,property,fraud,constitute,offense,commit,criminal,enactment,prosecutionTranslation1根据标准刑法典的规定，故意的意思是：当（1）若一个要件含有行为人行为的性质或结果，他的主观目的则是从事该性
29、质的行为或造成该结果；以及（2）若一个要件含有若干伴随情形，他则意识到该等情形的存在并且相信或希望该等情形存在时，一个人的行为构成针对一重要要件的行为意图。2布莱克斯通把重罪仅仅界定为一种由社会共同承担抓捕罪犯责任的制度，该制度是威廉一世为保护入侵敌对国家的诺曼第人而设立，在英国一直持续到17世纪。3同一行为常常同时构成刑事犯罪和民事不法行为，最突出的表现是，在控告不成或作出不控告决定后，受害人或其家庭会对所指称的加害人提出民事诉讼要求损害赔偿；但我们仍然可以提出将一个行为作为刑事犯罪加以定义和对待和将其作为民事不法行为加以定义和对待的区别是什么。4对犯罪定义的规定的一般目的是：(1)
30、禁止和阻止对个人或公共利益的不正当和没有理由的侵害或潜在的实质性的损害的行为；(2)置行为显示其有可能犯罪的人于公众监控之下；(3)保证无过错行为不被宣判刑事违法；(4)对公布构成犯罪的行为的性质给予合理的提示；(5)合理区分重罪和轻罪。TextBCheckYourUnderstanding1T2.T3.T4.T5.T6.F7.F8.TBuildupYourVocabularyIGivethecorrespondingtranslationofeachofthefollowingterms:EnglishChinesel
31、egalconsequence法律后果strictliability严格责任mistakeoffact事实错误minor未成年人crimeofnegligence过失犯罪civildamages民事损害赔偿motive动机materialmatter重要事项Guiltyminds犯意specificintent特定故意II.PutthefollowingtermsintoChinese:1.gradingsystems分级制2.firstdegreemurder一级谋杀3.retributivesenten
32、ce惩罚性刑法4.aggravatedassault严重伤害5.peremptorychallenges绝对回避6.presumptionofinnocence无罪推定7.caseatbar正在审理中的案件8.caseoffirstimpression未有先例的案件9.verdictofacquittal无罪裁决10.verdictofguilty有罪裁决Translation1.UnderArticle231ofCriminalLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChina,whoeveruse
33、sonidenticalcommoditiesthetrademarkwhichisidenticaltotheregisteredtrademarkwithoutthepermitoftheregistrantshallbesentencedtoup-to-three-yearimprisonmentorcriminaldetention,ormaybeconcurrentlyorexclusivelybesentencedtoafineifthecircumstancesareserious,ands
34、hallbesentencedtofixed-termimprisonmentofmorethanthreeyearsbutnotmorethansevenyearsandafineconcurrentlyifthecircumstancesareparticularlyserious.2Ifanactinfactresultsinharmfulconsequencesduetounavoidableorunforeseeablecausesratherthanintentornegligence,i
35、tshallnotbedeemedacrime.3Whoevertakespublicorprivatepropertybyforce,threatorothermethodsshallconstitutethecrimeofpropertyviolationandwhoever,bymeansofforceorthreat,obstructsastatefunctionaryfromcarryingouthisfunctionsaccordingtolawshallconstitutethecr
36、imeofdisturbingpublicorder.4Acriminalwhoisliableforcivildamagesandisatthesametimesentencedtoafineandwhosepropertyisnotsufficienttopaythecivildamagesinfullorsentencedtoaconfiscationofpropertyshallfirstundertakehisliabilitytothevictimforcivilcompens
37、ationUnitFourCriminalProcedureLawListeningI.sentences,conduct,abuseandunfairness,maximumandminimum,penalty,inmatebehavior,liberalandconservative,draftlegislation,abandoned.II.(1)Substantivepenallawandconstitutionallaw.(2)Thereisnoonesinglesystem.(3)Eachofthe50sta
38、tes,aswellastheDistrictofColumbiaandthecentralfederalgovernment,hasitsownlegislature,penallaws,andcriminaljusticesystem(4)Theprimaryresponsibilityofcontrollingcriminalityanddefiningcrime.TextABuildingupyouvocabulary.I.Marchtheitemsinthefollowingtwocolumns1-o,
39、2-c,3-p,4-n,5-e,6-a,7-f,8-b,9-m,10-g,11-j,12-i,13-l,14-d,15-h,16-kII.FillintheBlankswiththewordsorexpressionsgivenbelow.Changingtheformifnecessary:1.defendant2.jurisprudence3.grandjury,governmenttyranny.4.prosecution5.thecapitalpunishment6.convic
40、tion,proceeding7.self-incrimination,8.thenatureofcriminality9.governmentalsearchesandseizures,10.adversarialClozecivilliberty,searchesandseizures,vagueandbroad,governmentconduct,unlawful,proof,provides,violation,inadmissible,prosecution,coupled,witness,appearedTransl
41、ation重要证人的释放或羁押如果一方递交的正式书面陈述中显示某人的证词在刑事诉讼程序中很重要，而且如果情况表明发传票无法保证该人能出庭作证，审判人员可下令逮捕该人，并依照本章的3142款处置。如果能充分保证该证人能通过庭外作证提供证言，而且如果延时羁押并不一定能防止不公正，那么任何重要证人不得因未满足释放条件而被羁押。遵照联邦刑事诉讼规则，重要证人的释放可适当延期直到获得该证人的庭外作证。TEXTBCheckYourUnderstanding1.F2.T1.T2.F3.T4.T5.F6.T7.F8.FBuildUpYourVocabularyI.Giveth
42、ecorrespondingtranslationofeachofthefollowingterms:EnglishChineseGuiltyverdict有罪裁定Criminalprocedure刑事诉讼程序Doublejeopardy双重危险Beyondareasonabledoubt排除合理怀疑Arraignment提审，传讯Righttoremainsilent沉默权Righttospeedytrial快速审判权Deathsentencewithareprieve/deathsentencewithasayofexe
43、cution死刑缓期执行Voirdire选陪审员，预先审核陪审员Terminationofaction诉讼终结Hearing听审，听证Presumptionofinnocence无罪推定Guiltyplea认罪，有罪答辩II.PutthefollowingtermsintoChinese.dismissinganappeal驳回上诉appealagainstconviction不服定罪的上诉counteraction反诉effectofappeal上诉效力principalaction/actioninchief主诉privateprosec
44、ution/oneselfaction自诉appellant上诉人counter-charge/protest抗诉protestant抗诉人complaint/caption起诉书/（起诉书上的）案件说明custody/detention羁押/拘留inquisitorialsystem纠问制度appealformercy诉请宽刑institutingprosecution提起公诉billofprosecution公诉书dossier案卷brief案情摘要majorcase主案件pendingcase待决案件adversarysystem抗辩制度defeatsuit败诉
45、案件hotcriminal被警方通缉的罪犯commitment/commital/detention/custody关押监禁/拘留/羁押evidentiarypresumption证据推定Translation1TheaimoftheCriminalProcedureLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChinais:toensureaccurateandtimelyascertainmentoffactsaboutcrimes,correctapplicationoflaw,punishmentofcrimin
46、alsandprotectionoftheinnocentagainstbeinginvestigatedforcriminalresponsibility;toenhancethecitizensawarenessoftheneedtoabidebylawandtofightvigorouslyagainstcriminalactsinordertosafeguardthesocialistlegalsystem,toprotectthecitizenspersonalrights;theirprop
47、ertyrights,democraticrightsandotherrights;andtoguaranteesmoothprogressofthecauseofsocialistdevelopment.2Thepublicsecurityorgansshallberesponsibleforinvestigation,detention,executionofarrestsandpreliminaryinquiryincriminalcases.ThePeoplesProcuratoratesshallbe
48、responsibleforprocuratorialwork,authorizingapprovalofarrests,conductinginvestigationandinitiatingpublicprosecutionofcasesdirectlyacceptedbytheprocuratorialorgans.ThePeoplesCourtsshallberesponsibleforadjudication.Exceptasotherwiseprovidedbylaw,nootherorgans,org
49、anizationsorindividualsshallhavetheauthoritytoexercisesuchpowers.3Defencelawyersmay,withtheconsentofthewitnessesorotherunitsandindividualsconcerned,collectinformationpertainingtothecurrentcasefromthemandtheymayalsoapplytothePeoplesProcuratorateorthePeop
50、lesCourtforthecollectionandobtainingofevidence,orrequestthePeoplesCourttoinformthewitnessestoappearincourtandgivetestimony.4Duringatrial,thedefendantmayrefusetohavehisdefendantcontinuetodefendhimandmayentrusthisdefencetoanotherdefender.UnitFiveCivilp
51、roceduralLawListeningI.1.T,2.F,3.T,4.F,5.TII.theadversary,shaping,investigating,guiding,arise,manifold,contest,resolution,determination,battleTextABuildupyourvocabularyI.Matchtheitemsinthefollowingtwocolumns.1-c2-e3-a4-g5-h6-b7-d8-f9-i10-jII.Fillintheblank
52、s1.issue2.dismissed3.claim4.represent5.hearing6.file7.violation8.substantive9.entitled10.remedy,remediesClozereflective,randomly,panel,criminal,plea,trial,Sitting,duty,contempt,justiceTranslation1.民事案件是民事法院管理的因民事侵权行为而要求得到损害赔偿金的诉讼案件或法律诉讼。2.如果被告声称彻底解决争议还必须有其他当事人，他可以将其他人作为第三人被
53、告纳入该案。3.民法调整的是涉及财产所有权、土地所有权、订立契约和履行契约、组织企事业、雇用劳力、买卖货物、结婚离婚、继承财产等人和人之间的主要社会关系。4.当法院收到原告的起诉书以后，就会通知被告人已经有人对他提起法律诉讼，并指示被告人提交答辩书。5.当辩论程序开始时，双方律师作首次发言，并通过安排自己一方的证人作证，展示物证和相互盘问对方证人等方式，分别为自己的一方提出证据，最后作结束性发言。TextBCheckyourunderstanding1.T,2.F,3.T,4.F,5.T,6.T,7.T,8.F,9.F,10.TBuildingupyou
54、rvocabularyI.Givethecorrespondingtranslationofeachofthefollowingterms.EnglishChinesesummaryjudgment即决判决litigationprocess诉讼程序proceduraldevice程序性手段jurisdictions管辖权testimony证词allegation指控deposition作证affidavits宣誓书ThecourtofAppeal上诉法院II.PutthefollowingtermsintoChinese.Someofthemarenotpresentinthetext.affidavit宣誓书injunction禁令affirmativedefense积极抗辩compensatorydamages补偿性损害赔偿crosscllaim相互提出诉讼请求declaratoryjudgment宣告式判决jurisdiction管辖权，审判权negligence过失punitivedamages惩罚性的损害赔偿费sanction制裁voirdire预先审核directed