英文自我感觉学得还不错,可老板让读个英语合同,眼见都认识的单词,放在一起却一头雾水,这是怎么回事?举个例子:
Unlessotherwiseprovidedforherein,failureordelayonthepartofanypartytoexerciseanyright,powertoprivilegeunderthisAgreementshallnotoperateasawaiverthereof,norshallanysingleorpartialexerciseofanyright,powerorprivilegeprecludefurtherexercisethereoforexerciseofanyotherright,powerorprivilege.(答案见文末)
法律英语的用词很装
在合同中,不用before用priorto,不用after用subsequent,不用if用providedthat。此外还用到construe、deem、whereas、withoutprejudice等。宣誓书(affidavit)中还会用到beingfirstdulysworn、deposeandsays等。
还要运用一些古英语,主要包括here、there、where与介词的结合。
hereafter|herein|hereof|hereto|herewith
thereafter|thereby|therefrom|therein|thereof
whereas|whereby|wherein|whereof
外来语自然也少不了,英美两国法学专业的学生要学习拉丁文,所以希拉里是学过拉丁文的,例如alias(化名)、alibi(不在犯罪现场)、quorum(法定人数)、interalia(除了别的因素以外)、mutatismutandis(在细节上做适当修改后)、paripassu(按相同比例)等。
还有一些法律术语(jargon),如burdenofproof(举证责任)、causeofaction(案由)、duediligence(审慎调查)、lessee(承租人)、tort(侵权行为)等。
法律用词换马甲
法律英语要全是术语倒也容易,无非就是查字典呗,可令人发指的是,一些常用的词,到了法律英语里就意思不同了。
action
(正常)行动
(法律)诉讼
例句:Twoleadinglawfirmsaretopreparelegalactionsagainsttobaccocompanies.
两大律师事务所准备对烟草公司提起法律诉讼。
alienation
(正常)异化
(法律)转让
avoid
(正常)避免
(法律)取消
consideration
(正常)考量
(法律)对价
execute
(正常)执行
(法律)签署
instrument
(正常)工具
(法律)法律文件
prejudice
(正常)偏见
(法律)损害
said
(正常)说
(法律)上述
serve
(正常)服务
(法律)送达
句子都是马拉松
法律文件的句子都很长。感受一下:
If,afterthesigningofthisAgreement,theChinesegovernmenteitherattheState,provincial,municipalorlocalleveladoptsanynewlaw,regulation,amendsorrepealsanyprovisionofanylaw,regulation,decreeorrule,oradoptsanydifferentinterpretationormethodofimplementationofanylaw,regulation,decreeorrule,whichcontravenesthisAgreementorwhichmateriallyandadverselyaffectsaParty'seconomicbenefitunderthisAgreement,thenuponwritternnoticethereoffromtheaffectedpartytotheotherParty,thePartiesshallpromptlyconsultanddecidewhether(i)tocontinuetoimplementthisAgreementinaccordancewiththeoriginalprovisionsthereofaspertherelevantprovisionsoftheContractLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina;or(ii)toeffectuatenecessaryadjustmentsinordertopreserveeachParty'seconomicbenefitunderthisAgreementonabasisnolessfavourablethantheeconomicbenefititwouldhavereceivedifsuchlaw,regulation,degreeorrulehadnotbeenadopted,amended,repealedorsointerpretedorimplemented.
试试看,找找主语和谓语。
被动与名词化
和文学作品不同,被动与抽象的名词化也很常见。举个例子:
Unlessotherwiseprovidedforherein,failureordelayonthepartofanypartytoexerciseanyright,powerorprivilegeunderthisAgreementshallnotoperateasawaiverthereof,norshallanysingleorpartialexerciseofanyright,powerorprivilegeprecludefurtherexercisethereoforexerciseofanyotherright,powerorprivilege.
下面来学习一下被动句如何翻译。
(一)英语被动变成汉语被动
例句:ThisContractshallbegovernedbyandconstruedinaccordancewiththelawsofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.
本合同受中华人民共和国法律管辖并依其解释。
(二)动作发出者做主语
例句:ThereisnoprovisionoftheCompany'sArticlesofAssociationorconstitutionaldocumentsandnoprovisionofanyexistingcontractandagreementbindingonitwhichhasbeenorwouldbecontravenedbytheexecutionanddeliveryofthisAgreementorbytheperformancebytheCompanyofanyofthetermshereof.
公司签署和交付本协议或履行本协议的任何条款,不违反、亦不会违反公司的章程或组织文件的任何规定核对公司约束力的任何现有的合同和协议的规定。
(三)直接译为主动句
例句:ThisAgreementisexecutedinChinese.Ifnecessary,itmaybetraslatedintootherlanguages.
本协议以中文文本签署。如有必要,本协议可译成其他文字。
Thetwoarbitratorsshallbeselectedwithinthirtydaysaftergivingorreceivingoftherequestforarbitration.
两名仲裁员应在发出或收到仲裁要求后三十天内选定。
文首答案
Unlessotherwiseprovidedforherein,failureordelayonthepartofanypartytoexerciseanyright,powertoprivilegeunderthisAgreementshallnotoperateasawaiverthereof,norshallanysingleorpartialexerciseofanyright,powerorprivilegeprecludefurtherexercisethereoforexerciseofanyotherright,powerorprivilege.
译文:除非本协议另有规定,任何一方未能或延迟行使其在本协议项下的任何权利、权力或特权,不应视为其放弃该权利、权力或特权;单项或部分行使任何权利、权力或特权,亦不妨碍其进一步行使该权利、权力或特权或行使其他权利、权力或特权。
练习
《租房合同》是最常见的合同文件,下面两句话是《租房合同》中常见的条款。试翻译。
RESIDENTacknowledgesthathehasexaminedthepremisesandthatsaidpremises,allfurnishings,fixtures,furniture,plumbing,heating,electricalfacilities,allitemslistedontheattachedpropertyconditionchecklist,ifany,and/orallotheritemsprovidedbyOWNERareallclean,andingoodsatisfactoryconditionexceptasmaybeindicatedelsewhereinthisAgreement.
RESIDENTagreestokeepthepremisesandallitemsingoodorderandgoodconditionandtoimmediatelypayforcoststorepairand/orreplaceanyportionoftheabovedamagedbyRESIDENT,hisguestsand/orinvitees,exceptasprovidedbylaw.