1、法律英语常用词汇大全-民事法律法律渊源sourceoflaw制定法statute判例法caselaw;precedent普通法commonlaw特别法speciallaw固有法nativelaw;indigenouslaw继受法adoptedlaw实体法substantiallaw程序法procedurallaw原则法fundamentallaw例外法exceptionlaw司法解释judicialinterpretation习惯法customarylaw公序良俗publicorderandmoral
2、自然法naturallaw罗马法RomanLaw私法privatelaw公法publiclaw市民法juscivile万民法jusgentium民法法系civillawsystem英美法系systemofAnglo-Americanlaw大陆法系civillawsystem普通法commonlaw大陆法continentallaw罗马法系Romanlawsystem英吉利法Englishlaw衡平法equity;lawofequity日尔曼法Germanticlaw教会法ecclesia
4、equalvalueexchange诚实信用原则principleofgoodfaith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawfulact违法行为unlawfulact民事权利权利能力civilright绝对权absoluteright相对权relativeright优先权rightofpriority先买权preemption原权antecedentright救济权rightofrelief支配权rightofdominion请求权rightofclaim物上请求权righ
5、tofclaimforrealthing形成权rightofformation撤销权rightofclaimingcancellation否认权rightofclaimingcancellation解除权rightofrenouncement代位权subrogatedright选择权rightofchoice承认权rightofadmission终止权rightoftermination抗辩权rightofdefense一时性抗辩权momentaryrightofdefense永久性抗辩权perm
6、anentcounter-argumentright不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argumentright同时履行抗辩权defenserightofsimultaneousperformance既得权testedright期待权expectantright专属权exclusiveright非专属权non-exclusiveright人身权利personalright人权humanright人格权rightofpersonality生命健康权rightoflifeandhealth姓名权right
7、ofname名称权rightofname肖像权rightofportraiture自由权rightoffreedom名誉权rightreputation隐私权rightofprivacy私生活秘密权rightofprivacy贞操权virginityright身份权rightofstatus亲权parentalpower;parentalright亲属权rightofrelative探视权visitationright配偶权rightofspouse荣誉权rightofhonor权利的保护
8、protectionofright公力救济publicprotection私力救济self-protection权利本位standardofright社会本位standardofsociety无责任行为irresponsibleright正当防卫justifiableright;ligitimatedefence防卫行为actofdefence自为行为self-conductingact紧急避险actofrescue;necessity自助行为actofself-help不可抗力forcemajeure意外事
9、件accident行为能力capacityforact意思能力capacityofwill民事行为civilact意思表示declarationofintention意思表示一致meetingofminds;consensus完全行为能力perfectcapacityforact限制行为能力restrictivecapacityforact准禁治产人quasi-interdictedperson保佐protection自治产人minorwhoiscapableofadministeringhisownc
10、apacity无行为能力incapacityforact禁治产人interdictedperson自然人naturalperson公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequentlydwellingplace户籍censusregister监护guardianship个体工商户individualbusiness农村承包经营户leaseholdingruralhousehold合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnershipagreement合伙财产
11、propertyofpartnership合伙债务debtofpartnership入伙joinpartnership退伙withdrawalfrompartnership合伙企业partnershipbusinessestablishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnershipoflegalperson特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civilpartnership隐名合伙sleepi
12、ngpartnership;dormantpartnership私营企业privateenterprise;proprietorship法人legalperson企业法人legalbodyofenterprise企业集团groupofenterprise关联企业affiliateenterprise个人独资企业individualbusinessestablishment国有独资企业solelystate-ownedenterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreignjointventureenterprise中外合作
13、企业Sino-foreigncontractualenterprise社团法人legalbodyofmassorganization财团法人legalbodyoffinancialgroup联营jointventure法人型联营associationoflegalpersons合伙型联营coordinatedmanagementinpartnership协作型联营cooperation-typecoordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行为civillegalact单方民事法律行为
14、unilateralcivillegalact双方民事法律行为bilateralcivillegalact多方民事法律行为jointactcivillegalact有偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithconsideration无偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithoutconsideration;civillegalactwithoutaward实践性民事法律行为practicalcivillegalact诺成性民事法律行为consentalcivillegalact要式民事法律行为
15、formalcivillegalact不要式民事法律行为informalcivillegalact要因民事法律行为causativecivillegalact不要因民事法律行为noncausativecivillegalact主民事法律行为principalcivillegalact从民事法律行为accessorycivillegalact附条件民事法律行为conditionalcivillegalact附期限民事法律行为civillegalactwithterm生前民事法律行为civillegalact
16、beforedeath死后民事法律行为civillegalactafterdeath准民事法律行为quasi-civillegalact无效行为ineffectiveact可撤销民事行为revocablecivilact违法行为illegalact;unlawfulact侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危takingadvantageofothersprecariousposition以合法形式掩盖非法目的legalformconcealingillegalintention恶意串通ma
17、liciouscollaboration重大误解grossmisunderstanding显失公平obviousunjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人originalagent法定代理人statutoryagent;legalagent委托代理人agentbymandate指定代理人designatedagent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权ri
19、rofattorney共同代理jointagency独家代理soleagency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission;brokerhouse信托trust时效timelimit;prescription;limitation时效中止suspensionofprescription/limitation时效中断interruptionoflimitation/prescription时效延长extensionoflimitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终
20、止lapseoftime;terminationofprescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civilrelationswithforeignelements冲突规范ruleofconflict准据法applicablelaw;governinglaw反致renvoi;remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserveofpublicorder法律规避evasionoflaw国籍nationality国有化nationalizati
21、on法律责任legalliability民事责任civilliability/responsibility行政责任administrativeliability/responsibility刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility违约责任liabilityofbreachofcontract;responsibilityofdefault有限责任limitedliability无限责任unlimitedliability按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任jointand
22、severalliability过失责任liabilityfornegligence;negligentliability过错责任faultliability;liabilityforfault单独过错solefault共同过错jointfault混合过错mixedfault被害人过错victimsfault第三人过错thirdpartysfault推定过错presumptivefault恶意badfaith;malice故意deliberateintention;intention;willfulness过
23、失negligence重大过失grossnegligence疏忽大意的过失carelessandinadvertentnegligence过于自信的过失negligencewithundueassumption损害事实factsofdamage有形损失tangibledamage/loss无形损失intangibledamage/loss财产损失propertydamage/loss人身损失personaldamage/loss精神损失spiritualdamage/loss民事责任承担方式methodsofbearin
24、gcivilliability停止侵害ceasetheinfringingact排除妨碍exclusionofhindrance;removalofobstacle消除危险eliminationofdanger返还财产restitutionofproperty恢复原状restitution;restitutionoforiginalstate赔偿损失compensateforaloss;indemnifyforaloss支付违约金paymentofliquidateddamage消除影响eliminate
25、illeffects恢复名誉rehabilitateonesreputation赔礼道歉extendaformalapology物权jusadrem;rightinrem;realright物权制度realrightsystem;rightinremsystem一物一权原则theprincipalofOnething,OneRight物权法定主义principaloflegalityofrightinrem物权公示原则principalofpublicsummonsofrightinrem
26、物权法jusrerem物property生产资料rawmaterialforproduction生活资料meansoflivelihood;meansofsubsistence流通物resincommercium;athingincommerce限制流通物limitedmerchantablething禁止流通物resextracommercium;athingoutofcommerce资产asset固定资产fixedasset流动资产currentasset;floatingasset动产mov
27、ables;chattel不动产immovable;realestate特定物rescertae;acertainthing种类物genus;indefinitething可分物resdivisibiles;divisiblethings不可分物resindivisibiles;indivisiblethings主物rescapitalis;aprincipalthing从物resaccessoria;anaccessorything原物originalthing孳息fruits天然孳息naturalfr
28、uits法定孳息legalfruits无主物bonavacatia;vacantgoods;ownerlessgoods遗失物lostproperty漂流物driftingobject埋藏物fortuna;hiddenproperty货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classificationofrightinrem/realright自物权jusinrepropria;rightoffullownership所有权dominium;ownership;title所有权
29、凭证documentoftitle;titleofownership占有权dominiumutile;equitableownership使用权rightofuse;righttouseof收益权righttoearnings;righttoyields处分权rightofdisposing;jusdispodendi善意占有possessioningoodfaith恶意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession共同共有jointpossession他物权j
30、usinrealiena用益物权realrightforusufruct使用权righttouse;rightofuse土地使用权righttotheuseofland林权forestownership采矿权miningownership经营权managerialauthority;powerofmanagement承包经营权righttocontractedmanagement相邻权neighboringright;relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jusemphyteut
31、icum;righttolandedestategrantedinperpetuitythroughacontract地役权servitude;easement人役权servituspersonarum;personalservitude担保物权realrightforsecurity物的担保securityforthing物的瑕疵担保warrantyagainstdefectofathing抵押权hypotheca;hypothecation;righttomortgage抵押权的设定creationof
32、righttomortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral;estateundermortgage抵押权的效力deffectofrighttomortgage抵押权的次序sequenceofrighttomortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonmentofrighttomortgage抵押权的让与alienationofrighttomortgage抵押权的实现materializationofrighttomortgage抵押权的消灭extinction
33、ofrighttomortgageregistrationofestateundermortgage抵押物登记registrationofestateundermortgage抵押优先权priorityofmortgage留置权lien一般留置权generallien特别留置权speciallien质权hypotheque;pledge;rightofpledge佃权tenantright债权jusinpersonam;righttogiveorprocure;claim;creditorsright
34、债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart;offeree给付give;pay债务debt;liability;obligation债务的偿还paymentofdebt债务的偿清dischargeofdebt债务的担保guaranteeofdebt债务的合并consolidationofdebt债务的给付日期debtmaturity债务的免除exemptionofdebt债的分类obligatio;obligation法定之债legalobligation任意之债voluntar
35、yobligation简单之债simpleobligation选择之债alternativeobligation主债prime/principalobligation从债accessoryobligation单一之债singleobligation按份之债severalobligation连带之债jointobligation特定之债certainobligation种类之债indefiniteobligation合同之债contractualobligation侵权行为之债tortobligation损害赔偿之债obli
36、gationofcompensationforinjury;obligationofdamages人身损害damagetoperson精神损害moral/mental/spiritualdamage医药费hospitaltreatmentexpense医疗费medicalcharge抚恤金pension慰问金consolationmoney产品瑕疵defectofproduct不当得利unjustenrichment无因管理voluntaryservice债的担保guaranteeofobligation财产担保
37、propertyguarantee信用担保creditguarantee让与担保alienationguarantee保证guaranty明示保证expressguaranty默示保证impliedguaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contractofguaranty/suretyship保证金guarantybond;securitydeposit押金deposit;foregift预付款advancedpayment定金earnestmoney;deposit违约金liquidateddamage
38、s法定违约金liquidateddamagesbylaw约定违约金liquidateddamagesbyagreement债的履行performanceofobligation实际履行原则doctrineofspecificperformance情事变更原则doctrineofchangeofcircumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge;satisfaction提存debtorssubmissionofthesubjectmatterofobligationtocompetent
40、rightowner创作creation作品opus;product;work著作人格权rightofpersonalityofcopyright发表权rightofpublication署名权rightofauthorship;rightofpaternity修改权rightofmodification;rightofrevision完整性保持权righttomaintainintegrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权rightofrecall;rightofretrieval自费出版
42、ight剽窃plagiary;plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCDpiratedVCD伪造forge工业产权industrialproperty专利权patentright优先权日prioritydate申请在先原则priorapplicationrule使用在先priorityofuse新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造inventionandcreation实用新型utilitymodel外观设计design;industrialdesig
43、n发明权rightofinvention发现权rightofdiscovery专利申请patentapplication专利异议objectiontoapatent专利公告patentgazette专利续展费renewalfeeofpatent专利许可协议patentlicensingagreement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificateofpatent专利事务所patentoffice专利代理patentagency中华人民共和国专利局PatentOffice
45、emarkinfringement商标注册registeredtrademark商标公告trademarkgazette注册商标使用许可licensingofregisteredtrademark注册商标转让assignmentofregisteredtrademark商标使用许可协议trademarklicensingagreement商标事务所trademarkoffice商标代理trademarkagency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage,family,inheritance,adoption婚姻法marital
46、law;marriagelaw包办婚姻arrangedmarriage财产分割partition;dismembermentofproperty重婚bigamy独生子女onlychild法律婚legalmarriage非婚生子女illegitimatechild夫妻共同财产communityproperty夫妻关系conjugalrelationship夫妻分居divorceamensaetthoro;divorcefrombedandboard复婚resumptionofmarriage感情破裂inco
47、mpatibility婚后财产公证notarizationofpostnuptialproperties婚姻登记marriageregistration婚生子女ligitimatechild计划生育birthcontrol结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenarymarriage拟制血亲bloodrelationsinfictionoflaw旁系血亲collateralrelationbloodrelation涉外婚姻marriagewithforeignelements配偶spouse事实婚d
48、efactomarriage诉讼离婚divorcebylitigation探视权visitationright同居cohabitation晚婚latemarriage无效婚姻voidmarriage协议离婚divorcebyagreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚earlymarriage直系血亲linealdescent自然血亲naturalbloodrelation收养法adoptionlaw收养协议adoptionagreement收养人adoptiveparent送养人personori
49、nstitutionplacingoutachildforadoption涉外收养adoptionwithforeignelements继承法inheritancelaw;lawofsuccession法定继承legalseccession遗嘱继承intestatesuccession遗赠继承successionbydevise自然继承naturalsuccession代位继承representation;successionbysubrogation世袭继承hereditarysuccession间接继承indi
50、rectsuccession转继承subsuccession共同继承jointsuccession单独继承singlesuccession继承人heir;successor第二顺序继承人successorsecondinorder第一顺序继承人successorfirstinorder继承参与人successionparticipant遗产inheritance;heritage遗产继承人heirtoproperty;inheritor遗言lastwillandtestament遗书lastwords遗赠be
51、quest;legacy;devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-supportageement四、商事法律会计法accountinglaw税法taxlaw;taxationlaw反不正当竞争法anti-unfaircompetitionlaw消费者权益保护法consumersinterestprotectionlaw产品责任法productionliabilitylaw消费者权益法consumerrightsandinterestslaw公司法companylaw;corporatelaw公司company;c
52、orporation有限责任公司limitedliabilitycompany股份有限公司companylimitedbyshares无限公司unlimitedcompany股份两合公司jointstocklimitedliabilitypartnership两合公司jointliabilitycompany控股公司holdingcompany集团公司groupcompany合资公司jointventurecompany联营公司associatedcompany;affiliatedcompany国营公司state-owncompany国有公司state-ownedcompany民营公司civilian-runcompany本国公司national/domesticcompany外国公司foreigncompany上